Thyroid tumors identified

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to methods and kits for detecting thyroid cancer by detecting differences in the expression of genes that are differentially expressed in thyroid cancer cells.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/087,812, filed Nov. 22, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/063,429, filed Jun. 2, 2011, which is a National Stage application under 35 U.S.C. 371 of PCT/US2009/005091, filed Sep. 11, 2009 and published as WO 2010/030365 A2 on Mar. 18, 2010 which claims the benefit of priority, under 35 U.S.C. Section 119(e), to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/191,845 filed on Sep. 12, 2008, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/207,812 filed Feb. 17, 2009, the contents of both of which applications are specifically incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to detection and diagnosis of thyroid cancer. In some embodiments, the methods of the invention can be used to distinguish between benign thyroid cells or tissues, malignant thyroid cells or tissues, and follicular adenomas with nuclear atypia (FANA).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Thyroid nodules are common in the United States, occurring in greater than 60% of individuals. Moreover, their incidence is steadily increasing, mainly because of the increased detection of smaller, asymptomatic nodules. Although the majority of these nodules are benign, a significant numbers of patients undergo surgical excision. Upon pathologic review of such thyroid tumors, clear-cut benign or malignant diagnoses often can be rendered. However, follicular lesions of the thyroid often pose a diagnostic challenge.

A particular diagnostic dilemma is presented in a subset of encapsulated follicular lesions with partial nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (occasional nuclear grooves, focal nuclear clearing, and overlapping nuclei) and with histological features that fail to place them reliably in either the benign category or the malignant category. In the inventors' experience, these tumors represent approximately 10% of all follicular-patterned lesions observed at surgical pathology (see also, Arora et al. World J Surg. 32:1237-1246 (2008)). The difficulty of classifying this group of tumors is exemplified further by several studies in which poor inter-observer agreement was demonstrated among expert endocrine pathologists ranging from 39% to 58% when they reviewed follicular-patterned lesions of the thyroid (Chan et al., Am J Clin Pathol. 117:16-18 (2002); Franc et al., Hum Pathol. 34:1092-1100 (2003); Lloyd et al., Am J Surg Pathol. 28:1336-1340 (2004); Saxen et al. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A]. 1978; 86A:483-4864-8 (1978); Hirokawa et al. Am J Surg Pathol. 26:1508-1514 (2002)). This diagnostic difficulty in classifying such borderline tumors with standard terminology led Williams to propose the term well differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP) as a separate diagnostic category (Int J Surg Pathol. 8:181-183 (2000).

No matter what terminology is used for these tumors, additional tools are needed to determine whether thyroid nodules and/or tumors are actually malignant or simply benign, and/or whether such nodules and/or tumors can progress to become malignant tumors.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to methods for improved diagnosis of thyroid cancer that can distinguish not only benign nodules from malignant thyroid tumors but can also identify borderline, pre-cancerous tumors (e.g., encapsulated follicular lesions that may have partial nuclear features of PTC) that may not need aggressive treatment. For example, in one study conducted by the inventors using the methods described herein, the majority of histologically uncertain tumors (66.7%) were determined to be premalignant tumors, while a smaller number of tumors were determined to be benign tumors (26.7%) and only a even smaller number of tumors were actually malignant tumors (6.7%). By using the methods and kits of the invention, the malignant thyroid tumors can be identified with greater certainty, thereby avoiding unnecessary, expensive and invasive medical procedures that might otherwise have been used to treat histologically uncertain tumors.

Thus, one aspect of the invention is a method of detecting whether thyroid cancer cells are present in a test tissue or cell sample which comprises (a) observing test levels of RNA or protein expression in the test tissue or cell sample for any differentially expressed gene, and (b) comparing the test levels of expression to one or more standard or control levels of expression, to ascertain whether higher or lower levels of expression of any of the genes is present in the test tissue or cell sample, and thereby detecting whether thyroid cancer cells are present in the test tissue or cell sample; wherein the differentially expressed gene is selected from the group consisting of ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDH16, ChGn, CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DTX4, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GALNT7, GATM, HGD, HMGA2, IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1, PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC25A15, SLC4A4, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TNS3, TSPAN12, UPP1, and a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the differentially expressed gene can be selected from the group consisting of DIO1, DTX4, GALNT7, HMGA2, IGFBP6, MET, PROS1, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, TIAM1, TIMP1, UPP1 and a combination thereof. In other embodiments, the differentially expressed gene can be selected from the group consisting of ANK2, ARHGAP6, CDH16, CITED 1, CITED 2, COL9A3, ChGn, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GATM, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, PIP3-E, PSD3, TNS3, TSPANI2, TIAM1 and a combination thereof. In further embodiments, the differentially expressed gene can be selected from the group consisting of C11orf17, CAPN3, CAPN3, CKB, CSRP2, DAPK2, DPP4, HGD, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PKNOX2, PRKACB, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, and SLC25A15 and a combination thereof.

Any methods available to one of skill in the art can be used to detect and/or quantify the test levels of RNA. For example, the test levels of RNA expressed can be detected by microarray analysis or by nucleic acid amplification. In some embodiments, the test levels of RNA expressed are detected by microarray analysis that includes use of one or more probes on the microarray that can hybridize to one or more of the differentially expressed genes, or an RNA or DNA copy of the one or more differentially expressed genes. For example, such methods can employ one or more probes that can hybridize to any of SEQ ID NO: 119-172. In some embodiments, the one or more probes hybridize to one or more of the differentially expressed genes, or an RNA or DNA copy of the one or more differentially expressed genes under moderate to highly stringent hybridization conditions. For example, the hybridization conditions can be highly stringent hybridization conditions.

In other embodiments, nucleic acid amplification can be employed. Such nucleic acid amplification can include reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, real time polymerase chain reaction, or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. For example, the test levels of RNA expressed can be detected by nucleic acid amplification using one or more primers that hybridize to one or more of the differentially expressed genes, or an RNA or DNA copy of the one or more differentially expressed genes under moderate to highly stringent hybridization conditions. The one or more primers employed can, for example, hybridize to any of SEQ ID NO: 119-172. Such hybridization conditions can in some instances be highly stringent hybridization conditions.

The one or more standard or control levels of expression can include: an expression level observed for a malignant thyroid cancer cell or tissue; an expression level observed for a benign thyroid cell or tissue; an expression level observed for a follicular adenoma with nuclear atypia; an expression level observed for a borderline thyroid cell or tissue; an expression level observed for a normal non-cancerous thyroid cell or tissue; or an expression level observed for a constitutively expressed gene.

These methods can distinguish between benign, malignant and borderline thyroid cells or tissues. For example, these methods can distinguish between benign thyroid cells or tissues, malignant thyroid cells or tissues, and follicular adenomas with nuclear atypia (FANA). For example, the test tissue or cell sample is obtained from a patient with thyroid cancer or suspected of having thyroid cancer.

Another aspect of the invention is a kit comprising: (a) at least one set of oligonucleotide primers, wherein a first primer in the set contains a sequence complementary to a region in one strand of a nucleic acid sequence template and primes the synthesis of a first extension product, and a second primer contains a sequence complementary to a region in said first extension product and primes the synthesis of a nucleic acid strand complementary to said first extension product, and wherein the template is a differentially expressed gene, or an RNA or DNA copy of the differentially expressed gene; and (b) instructions for using the at least one set of oligonucleotide primers; wherein the differentially expressed gene is selected from the group consisting of ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDH16, ChGn, CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DTX4, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GALNT7, GATM, HGD, HMGA2, IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1, PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC25A15, SLC4A4, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TNS3, TSPAN12, UPP1, and a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the differentially expressed gene can be selected from the group consisting of DIO1, DTX4, GALNT7, HMGA2, IGFBP6, MET, PROS1, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, TIAM1, TIMP1, UPP1 and a combination thereof. In other embodiments, the differentially expressed gene can be selected from the group consisting of ANK2, ARHGAP6, CDH16, CITED 1, CITED 2, COL9A3, ChGn, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GATM, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, PIP3-E, PSD3, TNS3, TSPAN12, TIAM1 and a combination thereof. In further embodiments, the differentially expressed gene can be selected from the group consisting of C11orf17, CAPN3, CAPN3, CKB, CSRP2, DAPK2, DPP4, HGD, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PKNOX2, PRKACB, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, and SLC25A15 and a combination thereof. The first primer and/or the second primer can include a label. A container of nucleotides can also be included in the kit where the nucleotides are used as subunits in the synthesis of and amplified product. For example, the nucleotides can be ribonucleotides and/or deoxyribonucleotides. One or more of such nucleotides can include a label.

The instructions can describe a method for amplifying an mRNA, cRNA or cDNA corresponding to the differentially expressed gene(s). In some embodiments, the first primer and/or the second primer may hybridize to an mRNA, cRNA or cDNA corresponding to the differentially expressed gene under moderate to highly stringent hybridization conditions. For example, the hybridization conditions can be highly stringent hybridization conditions in some instances.

Another aspect of the invention is a kit that includes (a) a microarray with covalently attached probes that can hybridize to a differentially expressed gene selected from the group consisting of ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDHI6, ChGn, CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DTX4, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GALNT7, GATM, HGD, HMGA2, IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1, PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC25A15, SLC4A4. SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TNS3, TSPAN12, UPP1, and a combination thereof; and (b) instructions for using the microarray.

In some embodiments, the differentially expressed gene can be selected from the group consisting of DIO1, DTX4, GALNT7, HMGA2, IGFBP6, MET, PROS1, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, TIAM1, TIMP1, UPP1 and a combination thereof. In other embodiments, the differentially expressed gene can be selected from the group consisting of ANK2, ARHGAP6, CDH16, CITED 1, CITED 2, COL9A3, ChGn, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GATM, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, PIP3-E, PSD3, TNS3, TSPANI2, TIAM1 and a combination thereof. In further embodiments, the differentially expressed gene can be selected from the group consisting of C11orf17, CAPN3, CAPN3, CKB, CSRP2, DAPK2, DPP4, HGD, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PKNOX2, PRKACB, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, and SLC25A15 and a combination thereof. Such probes can, in some embodiments, hybridize to an mRNA, cRNA or cDNA corresponding to the differentially expressed gene, for example, under moderate to highly stringent hybridization conditions. In some embodiments, the hybridization conditions are highly stringent hybridization conditions. Such a kit can also include one or more standard or control probes. For example, the kit can include one or more probes for a constitutively expressed gene.

Another aspect of the invention is a method of detecting a mutation in a human BRAF gene that includes: (a) obtaining a test sample of genomic DNA from a human; (b) amplifying a segment of BRAF DNA from the genomic DNA using primers with SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO:2; and (c) detecting whether the mutation exists in the segment amplified; wherein the mutation consists of a glutamate substituted for valine at codon 600.

Such a method can also include detecting or confirming whether the human has thyroid cancer by observing test levels of RNA or protein expression in the test tissue or cell sample for any of the differentially expressed genes described herein, using any of the methods and/or kits described herein.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an image of a histologically borderline lesion. Note the follicular architecture with focal nuclear clearing and occasional nuclear grooves.

FIG. 2 is a graphic generated by an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. FA indicates follicular adenoma; HYP, hyperplastic lesion; BOR, borderline tumor; FVPTC, follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma.

FIG. 3 is a graphic generated by a 2-group K-means cluster analysis. FA indicates follicular adenoma; BOR, borderline tumor; FVPTC, follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma; HYP, hyperplastic lesion.

FIG. 4 is graphic generated by three-group K-means cluster analysis that identified 3 distinct groups of tumors based upon their gene expression patterns: malignant (left), benign (center), and intermediate (right). BOR indicates borderline tumor; FVPTC, follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma; FA, follicular adenoma; HYP, hyperplastic lesion.

FIG. 5 shows a Venn diagram illustrating the differentially expressed genes relating 61 genes to benign, borderline, and malignant tumors.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing proposed gene expression changes during tumorigenesis of follicular-patterned lesions of the thyroid.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to methods of detecting malignant thyroid tumors and/or distinguishing whether thyroid tumors are benign, malignant, and/or pre-cancerous borderline tumors. While currently available histological and/or cytological procedures can sometimes distinguish benign and malignant thyroid tumors, there are many thyroid tumors that cannot readily be classified as either malignant or benign by such histological procedures. Patients with such unclassified tumors are often aggressively treated as though their tumors were malignant. However, by employing the methods and kits described herein, these unclassified tumors can be properly identified as either benign, malignant, or pre-cancerous borderline tumors, thereby reducing the need for expensive, invasive and unpleasant medical treatment when it is unnecessary.

The application describes an analysis of fifty histologically-unequivocal benign and malignant tumors, which led to the identification of a list of sixty-one genes that are differentially expressed in benign and malignant thyroid tumors. These differentially expressed genes are listed in Table 1.

By using probes for the fifty to sixty differentially expressed genes described herein, forty additional tumors were evaluated, including 15 histologically intermediate tumors, 11 benign tumors, and 14 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). Differential gene expression was used to detect whether the histologically intermediate thyroid tumors were malignant or not. As illustrated herein, the majority of histologically intermediate tumors (66.7%) were actually borderline, premalignant tumors that exhibited gene expression similarities with benign tumors (26.7%) and malignant tumors (6.7%) (FIG. 4). This third category of borderline tumors (encapsulated follicular tumors with cytological atypia) does not fit into previously proposed benign or malignant classification schemes using standard histological, immuno-histochemical, or mutation analyses. Instead, these borderline tumors are premalignant tumors that may warrant monitoring but do not generally need immediate aggressive medical treatment.

Twenty-seven genes were expressed differentially between the benign and borderline groups, including the cyclic AMP response element binding protein/p300-interactivator with glutamic acid/aspartic acid-rich carboxy-terminal domain 1 or CITED1 gene and the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 or FGFR2 gene. Fourteen genes were expressed differentially between the borderline group and malignant tumors, for example, the met proto-oncogene and of the high-mobility group adenine/thymine-hook 2 or HMGA2 gene in malignancies. Mutations of the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 or BRAF gene were identified in 4 of 14 malignant tumors but not in benign or borderline tumors.

Patients who had histologically or molecularly borderline tumors did not have metastasis or recurrences. These data indicate that encapsulated thyroid follicular lesions with partial nuclear features of PTC are biologically borderline tumors that are molecularly distinct from benign and malignant tumors. Moreover, the data indicate that such borderline tumors identified by the methods and kits of the invention are pre-cancerous with no immediate need for aggressive cancer treatment.

The gene expression profiling methods described herein are more accurate than existing procedures for diagnosing problematic thyroid tumors. For example, the methods of the invention can identify malignant thyroid tumors with greater than 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity. In some embodiments, the methods of the invention can identify malignant thyroid tumors with greater than 93% sensitivity and greater than 82% specificity.

DEFINITIONS

“Genes” are the units of heredity in living organisms. They are encoded in the organism's genetic material (DNA or RNA), and control the physical development and behavior of the organism. Genes encode the information necessary to construct the proteins (etc.) needed for the organism to function. The term “genes” generally refers to the region of DNA (or RNA, in the case of some viruses) that determines the structure of a protein (the coding sequence), together with the region of DNA that controls when and where the protein will be produced (the regulatory sequences).

As used herein, the phrase “expression profiling” refers to differential gene expression analysis/techniques. Examples of such techniques include microarray analyses, real time PCR and qPCR. Microarray technology allows for the comparison of gene expression between, for example, normal and diseased (e.g., cancerous) cells or cells which express different cell markers. There are several names for microarray technology including DNA microarrays, DNA arrays, DNA chips, gene chips, and others.

In this disclosure. “comprises,” “comprising.” “containing” and “having” and the like can have the meaning ascribed to them in U.S. patent law and can mean “includes,” “including,” and the like; “consisting essentially of” or “consists essentially” likewise has the meaning ascribed in U.S. patent law and the term is open-ended, allowing for the presence of more than that which is recited so long as basic or novel characteristics of that which is recited is not deleteriously changed by the presence of more than that which is recited.

Other definitions may appear throughout this disclosure in the appropriate context.

Genes that are Differentially Expressed in Benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumors

The expression levels of one or more of the genes listed in Table 1 can be detected using the methods and kits of the invention. In some embodiments, the expression levels of two or more, or three or more, or four or more, or five or more of the genes listed in Table 1 are detected to assess whether a thyroid nodule contains benign or malignant cancer cells. In other embodiments, the expression levels of seven or more, or eight or more, or ten or more, or twelve or more of the genes listed in Table 1 are detected to assess whether a thyroid nodule contains benign or malignant cancer cells. In further embodiments, the expression levels of no more than ten, no more than twelve, no more than fifteen, no more than twenty of the genes listed in Table 1 are detected to assess whether a thyroid nodule contains benign or malignant cancer cells.

Differential expression of these genes means that the mRNA or transcript levels produced by these genes increases or decreases in a test tissue or cell sample (e.g., a thyroid tissue biopsy) relative to a control, thereby indicating the presence of benign thyroid cells or tissues, malignant thyroid cells or tissues, and/or borderline tumors (e.g., encapsulated thyroid follicular lesions with partial nuclear features of PTC) in the test tissue or cell sample from which the RNA/transcripts were obtained.

Genes whose expression changes in thyroid tumor cells include one or more of the following genes: ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDH16, ChGn, CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DTX4, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GALNT7, GATM, HGD, HMGA2, IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1, PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, SLC25A15, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TNS3, TSPAN12, UPP1, or a combination thereof. The following genes were expressed at higher levels in malignant thyroid cancer tissues and cells than in benign thyroid lesions: CAPN3, CITED 1, DAPK2, DPP4, DUSP4, DTX4, GALNT7, HMGA2, IGFBP6, LRP4, MET, MYH10, PFAAP5, PROS1, PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, SERPINA1, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TIAM1, TIMP1, and UPP1. Thus, detection of an increase in the expression of one or more of these genes in a tissue or cell sample, relative to a benign control tissue sample, is indicative of thyroid cancer.

On the other hand, the following genes are expressed at lower levels in malignant thyroid cancer tissues than in benign thyroid lesions: ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CDH16, CITED 2, COL9A3, ChGn, CKB, CSRP2, DIO1, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GATM, HGD, KIT, MATN2, NAUK2, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, SDC4, SLC4A4, SLC25A15, TFCP2L1, TNS3, and TSPAN12. Thus, detection of a decrease in the expression of one or more of these genes in a tissue or cell sample, relative to a benign control tissue sample, is indicative of thyroid cancer.

However, as described herein, the inventors have discovered a third type of thyroid tumor that is pre-cancerous and may not need aggressive medical treatment when initially detected. As described herein, these borderline tumors can be distinguished from benign and malignant by their expression patterns.

The following genes are differentially expressed between malignant and borderline/benign tumors: DIO1, DTX4, GALNT7, HMGA2, IGFBP6, MET, PROS1, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, TIAM1, TIMP1, and/or UPP1. Each of these genes exhibit increased expression in malignant tumors relative to borderline and benign tumors, except DIO1, SDC4, and SLC4A4, which are expressed at lower levels in malignant thyroid tissues and cells when compared to their expression in benign and borderline tumors. Thus, when differential expression of one or more of these genes is detected in a thyroid test or cell sample, such differential expression is indicative of the presence of malignant tumor cells.

The following genes are differentially expressed between benign and borderline/malignant lesions: ANK2, ARHGAP6, CDH16, CITED 1, CITED 2, COL9A3, ChGn, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GATM, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, PIP3-E, PSD3, TNS3, TSPAN12, and/or TIAM1. Each of these genes exhibit decreased expression in malignant tumors relative to borderline/malignant tumors, except CITED 1, DUSP4, LRP4, PSD3, SLIT1, SPTAN1, and TIAM1, which are expressed at higher levels in malignant tissues and cells compared to borderline/malignant tissues and cells. Thus, benign thyroid lesions can be identified and distinguished from borderline/malignant tumors by their differential expression patterns in a thyroid test tissue or cell sample.

The following genes are differentially expressed between benign and malignant lesions: C11orf17, CAPN3, CAPN3, CKB, CSRP2, DAPK2, DPP4, HGD, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PKNOX2, PRKACB, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, and SLC25A15. Each of these genes are expressed at higher levels in malignant thyroid tumors relative to their expression levels in benign thyroid lesions, except the following genes: C11orf17, CKB, CSRP2, HGD, PGF, PKNOX2, PRKACB, and SLC25A15, which are expressed at lower levels in malignant thyroid tissues relative to benign thyroid lesions. Thus, to definitively distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid tissues, the expression of these genes can be evaluated.

The difference in expression levels between a differentially expressed gene in malignant thyroid tissues relative to the expression levels for that gene in a control (e.g., normal thyroid tissues) can be at least a 20% difference in expression levels, at least a 30% difference in expression levels, at least a 40% difference in expression levels, at least a 50% difference in expression levels, at least a 60% difference in expression levels, at least a 70% difference in expression levels, at least an 80% difference in expression levels, at least a 90% difference in expression levels, at least a 100% difference in expression levels, and/or a more than a 100% difference in expression levels. Thus, in some embodiments, the difference in expression levels between a differentially expressed gene in malignant thyroid tissues relative to the expression levels for that gene in a control (e.g., normal thyroid tissues) can be at least 1.5 fold, at least 1.7 fold, at least 1.8 fold, at least 2-fold, at least 2.2 fold, at least at least 2.3 fold, at least 2.4 fold, at least 2.5 fold, or more than 2.5 fold. Table 1 provides examples of the differences in expression levels that can readily be determined and observed.

Gene expression data may be gathered in any way that is available to one of skill in the art. For example, gene expression levels can be detected and quantified by employing an array of probes that hybridize to the different transcripts of one or more of the genes listed in Table 1, by using nucleic acid amplification (e.g., quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and through nucleic acid hybridization procedures. Other methods of determining expression of the genes include traditional Northern blotting, nuclease protection, RT-PCR and differential display methods can be used for detecting gene expression levels. Such methods are described in the following sections and in the Examples.

Probes and primers that can hybridize to an RNA, cDNA corresponding to any of the following genes can be used to detect differential gene expression: ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDH16, ChGn, CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DTX4, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GALNT7, GATM, HGD, HMGA2, IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1, PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, SLC25A15, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TNS3, TSPAN12, UPP1, or a combination thereof.

Sequences for these differentially expressed genes are available and can be used to make probes and primers for detecting expression levels. Examples of sequences that can be used to make probes and primers for these are provided hereinbelow. Any probe or primer that can hybridize to an RNA or cDNA of any of these genes can be used in the methods of the invention. In some embodiments, such a probe or primer hybridizes such to an RNA or cDNA of a differentially expressed gene under moderately stringent conditions. In other embodiments, such a probe or primer hybridizes such to an RNA or cDNA of a differentially expressed gene under highly stringent conditions. Such conditions are known to one of skill in the art and are described herein.

RNA Manipulation

One of skill in the art will appreciate that in order to assess the mRNA transcript levels (and thereby the expression levels) of a gene or genes, it is desirable to provide a RNA sample or a nucleic acid sample derived from the mRNA transcript(s). As used herein, a nucleic acid derived from an mRNA transcript refers to a nucleic acid ultimately synthesized from the mRNA transcript. Thus, the original mRNA obtained from a test tissue or cell sample can serve as a template for generating a nucleic acid derived from an mRNA. For example, such a nucleic acid derived from an mRNA can be a cDNA reverse transcribed from an mRNA, an RNA transcribed from the cDNA, a DNA amplified from the cDNA, an RNA transcribed from the amplified DNA, and the like. Detection of such derived products is indicative of the presence and abundance of the original mRNA transcript in a test tissue or cell sample. Thus, suitable samples include, but are not limited to, mRNA transcripts of the gene or genes, cDNA reverse transcribed from the mRNA, cRNA transcribed from the cDNA, and the like.

Where it is desired to quantify the transcription level of one or more genes in a sample, the concentration of the mRNA transcript(s) of the gene or genes is proportional to the transcription level of that gene. Similarly, when hybridization is employed to quantify transcription levels, the hybridization signal intensity can be proportional to the amount of hybridized nucleic acid. As described herein, controls can be run to correct for variations introduced during sample preparation and/or hybridization.

The nucleic acid may be isolated from a test tissue or cell sample (and/or a control tissue sample) according to any of a number of methods well known to those of skill in the art. One of skill in the art will appreciate that where expression levels of a gene or genes are to be detected, RNA (mRNA) is isolated. Methods of isolating total mRNA are well known to those of skill in the art. For example, methods of isolation and purification of nucleic acids are described in Sambrook et al. (1989) MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; and Sambrook et al. (2001). MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL (3rd ed.). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, which are both incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Filter based methods for the isolation of mRNA are also available in the art and can be used for isolating mRNA from biological samples. Examples of commercially available filter-based RNA isolation systems include RNAqueous™ (Ambion) and RNeasy™ (Qiagen). One of skill in the art would appreciate that it is desirable to inhibit or destroy RNase present in homogenates of biological samples soon after obtaining the samples so that the mRNA is not degraded by nucleases during testing.

Frequently, it is desirable to amplify the nucleic acid sample prior to evaluation. If a quantitative result is desired care can be taken to use an amplification method that maintains or controls for the relative frequencies of the amplified nucleic acids.

Methods of “quantitative” amplification are well known to those of skill in the art. For example, quantitative PCR involves simultaneously co-amplifying a known quantity of an internal control nucleic acid. This provides an internal standard that may be used to calibrate the PCR reaction. Detection of the internal control sequence along with the mRNAs of interest (e.g., those from any of the genes in Table 1) allows one of skill in the art to monitor whether the mRNA isolation, purification and quantification procedures accurately reflect actual expression levels or whether there is a problem with any of these procedures (e.g., the mRNA has become degraded during one of the procedures).

Suitable amplification methods include, but are not limited to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Innis & Gelfand. Optimization of PCRs. In: PCR PROTOCOLS: A GUIDE TO METHODS AND APPLICATIONS (eds. M.A. Innis. et al.), pp. 3-12. Academic Press, San Diego (1990); ligase chain reaction (LCR) (see. Wu and Wallace, Genomics (1989)); Landegren, et al., Science 241: 1077-1080 (1988); Barringer, et al., Gene 89: 117-122 (1990); transcription amplification (Kwoh, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 1173-1177 (1989)), and self-sustained sequence replication (Guatelli, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87: 1874-1878 (1990)).

In one embodiment, a nucleic acid sample is the total mRNA isolated from a biological sample (e.g., a test tissue or cell sample). The term “biological sample.” as used herein, refers to a sample obtained from an organism or from components (e.g., cells) of an organism, including normal tissue (e.g., as a control) and diseased tissue such as a tumor, a neoplasia or a hyperplasia. The sample may be of any biological tissue or fluid or cells from any organism as well as cells raised in vitro, such as cell lines and tissue culture cells. The biological sample may also be referred to as a “clinical sample” derived from a patient. Such samples include, but are not limited to, tissue biopsy or fine needle aspiration biopsy samples, blood, blood cells (e.g., white cells), urine, peritoneal fluid, and pleural fluid, or cells therefrom. Biological samples may also include sections of tissues such as frozen sections or formalin fixed sections taken for histological purposes.

In some embodiments, the sample mRNA is reverse transcribed with a reverse transcriptase, such as SuperScript II (Invitrogen), and a primer consisting of an oligo-dT to generate first-strand cDNA. Other desirable sequences can be incorporsated into the first-strand cDNA by linking those sequences onto the oligo-dT primer (e.g., a restriction site sequence, a sequence encoding a promoter such as a phage T7 promoter, etc.). A second-strand DNA is polymerized in the presence of a DNA polymerase, DNA ligase, and RNase H. The resulting double-stranded cDNA may be blunt-ended using T4 DNA polymerase and purified by phenol/chloroform extraction. The double-stranded cDNA can then be then transcribed into cRNA or amplified to generate a pool of amplified cDNAs. Methods for the in vitro transcription of RNA are known in the art and describe in, for example, Van Gelder, et al. (1990) and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,545,522; 5,716,785; and 5,891,636, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

If desired, a label may be incorporated into the cRNA or cDNA when it is transcribed. Those of skill in the art are familiar with methods for labeling nucleic acids. For example, the cRNA may be transcribed in the presence of biotin-ribonucleotides or the cDNA may be synthesized in the presence of biotin-deoxyribonucleotides. The BioArray High Yield RNA Transcript Labeling Kit (Enzo Diagnostics) is a commercially available kit for biotinylating cRNA.

It will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that the direct transcription method described above provides an antisense (aRNA) pool. Where antisense RNA is used with a microarray for detection, the antisense RNA can be the “target nucleic acid” that is hybridized to an array of the oligonucleotide probes provided in the microarray. In that case the oligonucleotide probes on the microarray are chosen to be complementary to subsequences of the antisense nucleic acids. Conversely, where the target nucleic acid pool is a pool of sense nucleic acids, the oligonucleotide probes are selected to be complementary to subsequences of the sense nucleic acids. Finally, where the nucleic acid pool is double stranded, the probes may be of either sense, or both senses, as the target nucleic acids include both sense and antisense strands.

To detect hybridization, it may be advantageous to employ nucleic acids in combination with an appropriate detection means. Recognition moieties incorporated into primers, incorporated into the amplified product during amplification, or attached to probes that can hybridize to the amplified product are useful in the identification of nucleic acid molecules. A number of different labels may be used for this purpose including, but not limited to, fluorophores, chromophores, radiophores, enzymatic tags, antibodies, chemiluminescence, electroluminescence, and affinity labels. One of skill in the art will recognize that these and other labels can be used with success in this invention.

Examples of affinity labels include, but are not limited to the following: an antibody, an antibody fragment, a receptor protein, a hormone, biotin, Dinitrophenyl (DNP), or any polypeptide/protein molecule that binds to an affinity label. Examples of enzyme tags include enzymes such as urease, alkaline phosphatase or peroxidase to mention a few. Colorimetric indicator substrates can be employed to provide a detection means visible to the human eye or spectrophotometrically, to identify specific hybridization with complementary nucleic acid-containing samples. Examples of fluorophores include, but are not limited to, Alexa 350, Alexa 430, AMCA, BODIPY 630/650, BODIPY 650/665, BODIPY-FL, BODIPY-R6G, BODIPY-TMR, BODIPY-TRX, Cascade Blue. Cy2, Cy3, Cy5, 6-FAM, Fluoroscein, HEX, 6-JOE, Oregon Green 488, Oregon Green 500, Oregon Green 514, Pacific Blue, REG, Rhodamine Green, Rhodamine Red, ROX, TAMRA, TET, Tetramethylrhodamine, and Texas Red.

Means of detecting such labels are well known to those of skill in the art. For example, radiolabels may be detected using photographic film or scintillation counters. In other examples, fluorescent markers may be detected using a photodetector to detect emitted light. In still further examples, enzymatic labels are detected by providing the enzyme with a substrate and detecting the reaction product produced by the action of the enzyme on the substrate, and colorimetric labels are detected by simply visualizing the colored label or by use of spectrometer.

So called “direct labels” are detectable labels that are directly attached to or incorporated into the target (sample) nucleic acid prior to hybridization to a probe or microarray. In contrast, so called “indirect labels” are joined to the hybrid duplex after hybridization. In some embodiments, the indirect label is attached to a binding moiety that has been attached to the target nucleic acid prior to the hybridization. Thus, for example, the target nucleic acid may be biotinylated before the hybridization. After hybridization, an avidin-conjugated fluorophore will bind the biotin-bearing hybrid duplexes providing a label that is easily detected. For a detailed review of methods of labeling nucleic acids and detecting labeled hybridized nucleic acids see, for example, Peter C, van der Vliet & Shiv Pillai, eds., LABORATORY TECHNIQUES IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (1993).

Methods for Detecting Differential Expression

The present invention includes a method for detecting and/or quantifying expression of any combination of the genes listed in Table 1 (e.g., a target nucleic acid) in a biological sample.

Such detection and quantification methods can involve nucleic acid amplification (e.g., reverse transcription PCR, quantitative PCR and/or real-time PCR), wherein a sample containing a target nucleic acid that is to be amplified (e.g. a cDNA generated from an RNA sample by reverse transcription) is mixed with 1) primers that are complementary to sequences within the target sequence to be amplified, 2) a thermostable polymerase, and 3) four different nucleoside triphosphates. The normal steps of nucleic acid amplification are then followed—melting, annealing and synthesis—by thermal cycling of the mixture. The primers employed can be linked to a label. In some embodiments, a fluorescent intercalating agent is used in the reaction. The labeled primers and/or fluorescent intercalating agents allow quantification of the amounts of amplified products generated in various test reactions.

When nucleic acid amplification is used to detect gene expression, any procedure that amplifies RNA can be used, for example, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, strand displacement amplification and other amplification procedures. Strand displacement amplification can be used as described in Walker et al (1992) Nucl. Acids Res. 20, 1691-1696. The term “polymerase chain reaction” (“PCR”) refers to the method of K. B. Mullis U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,683,195, 4,683,202; and 4,965,188, hereby incorporated by reference, which describe a method for increasing the concentration of target nucleic acid in a mixture of genomic DNA or other DNA or RNA without cloning or purification.

The steps involved in PCR nucleic acid amplification method are described in more detail below. For ease of discussion, the nucleic acid to be amplified is described as being double-stranded. However, the process is readily adapted to amplify a single-stranded nucleic acid, such as an mRNA from any of the genes listed in Table 1. In the amplification of a single-stranded nucleic acid, the first step involves the synthesis of a complementary strand, for example, by reverse transcription so that two complementary target strands are available for amplification.

When PCR is performed on double-stranded DNA or cDNA generated from one or more of the RNAs expressed from the genes of Table 1, two primers are employed, each primer hybridizing to a different DNA strand at opposite ends of the DNA target. One of skill in the art can readily make and use probes and primers for the genes listed in Table 1, for example, by examining available nucleic acid sequences for these genes that are available in the sequence database maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (see website at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Examples of some sequences for the genes listed in Table 1 are provided hereinbelow.

The PCR process for amplifying a target nucleic acid consists of introducing a large excess of the two primers to a mixture that may contain the mRNA (or cDNA generated therefrom) from any of the genes listed in Table 1, followed by a precise sequence of thermal cycling in the presence of a nucleic acid polymerase. For PCR amplification, each of the two primers is complementary to a distinct region in one of the two strands of the double stranded target sequence. Primers are selected so that they hybridize just outside the region of interest to be amplified and so that, upon primer extension, one primer will be extended towards the hybridization site of a second primer hybridized on the opposite target strand.

To effect amplification, the nucleic acid (RNA or cDNA) is denatured to open up double-stranded target sites and the temperature is lowered so that the primers anneal to their complementary sequences within the target molecule. Following annealing, the primers are extended with a polymerase. Such primer extension forms a new pair of complementary strands that likely have different ends than the original target. Such complementary strands can hybridize together to form an “amplicon” that can also be a target for amplification. The steps of denaturation, primer annealing and primer extension can be repeated many times. Each round of denaturation, annealing and extension constitutes one “cycle.” There can be numerous cycles, and the amount of amplified DNA produced increases with the number of cycles. Hence, to obtain a high concentration of an amplified target nucleic acid, many cycles are performed.

The following steps are generally employed during nucleic acid amplification with the inhibitors of the invention:

(a) Each target nucleic acid strand is contacted with four different nucleoside triphosphates and one oligonucleotide primer, wherein each primer is selected to be substantially complementary to a portion the nucleic acid strand to be amplified (hmgn3), such that the extension product synthesized from one primer, when it is separated from its complement, can serve as a template for synthesis of the extension product of the other primer. To promote the proper annealing of primer(s) and the nucleic acid strands to be amplified, a selected primer-hybridization temperature is used that allows hybridization of each primer to a complementary nucleic acid strand. The inhibitors of the invention can be added or included in this melting/annealing reaction.

(b) After primer annealing, a nucleic acid polymerase is used for primer extension. The nucleic acid polymerase incorporates the nucleoside triphosphates into a growing nucleic acid strand to form a new strand that is complementary to the template strand hybridized by the primer. In general, this primer extension reaction is performed at a temperature and for a time effective to promote the activity of the nucleic acid enzyme and to synthesize a “full length” complementary nucleic acid strand that extends into and through a complete second primer binding site. However, the temperature is not so high as to separate each extension product from its nucleic acid template strand. The polymerase may be added after the first melting/annealing reaction.

(c) The mixture from step (b) is then heated for a time and at a temperature sufficient to separate the primer extension products from their complementary templates. The temperature chosen is not so high as to irreversibly denature the nucleic acid polymerase present in the mixture.

(d) The mixture from (c) is cooled for a time and at a temperature effective to promote hybridization of a primer to each of the single-stranded molecules produced in step (b).

(e) The mixture from step (d) is maintained at a temperature and for a time sufficient to promote primer extension by the polymerase to produce a “full length” extension product. The temperature used is not so high as to separate each extension product from the complementary strand template. Steps (c)-(e) are repeated until the desired level of amplification is obtained.

In some embodiments, real-time polymerase chain reaction (real time PCR; also called quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR/qPCR) or kinetic polymerase chain reaction) is employed to quantify the expression of genes. Real-time PCR amplifies and simultaneously quantifies a targeted nucleic acid (e.g., an RNA expressed by one of the genes listed in Table 1). Thus, real-time PCR permits both detection and quantification (as absolute number of copies or relative amount when normalized to DNA input or additional normalizing genes) of a specific nucleic acid (e.g., RNA) in a sample.

Real-time PCR employs many of the same steps as polymerase chain reaction but the amplified DNA product is quantified as it accumulates in the reaction in real time after each amplification cycle. Methods that are often used to quantify the amplified DNA include the use of fluorescent dyes intercalate with double-stranded DNA product, and the use of modified DNA primers that fluoresce when hybridized with a complementary nucleic acid template.

For example, any of the SEQ ID NO:3-118 primers can be used in a real-time PCR assay for evaluating expression levels of the differentially expressed genes. One type of real-time PCR assay that can be employed involves use of SYBRGreen dye. SYBR Green is a dye that binds the minor groove of double stranded DNA. When SYBR Green dye binds to double stranded DNA, the intensity of the fluorescent emissions increases. As more double stranded amplicons are produced, SYBR Green dye signal will increase. During the PCR assay, such a fluorescent signal is directly proportional to the number of amplicons generated.

To detect RNA expression levels, real-time polymerase chain reaction is combined with reverse transcription PCR, where the RNA in a sample is first treated with reverse transcriptase to generate a cDNA that can then be amplified.

Reverse transcription PCR and real-time PCR can be used to quantify relative levels of expression from any of the genes listed in Table 1.

The present invention therefore includes a method for detecting and/or quantifying expression of any of the genes listed in Table 1 (a target nucleic acid) that involves nucleic acid amplification (e.g., reverse transcription PCR and real-time PCR), wherein a sample containing a target nucleic acid that is to be amplified (e.g. a cDNA generated from an RNA sample by reverse transcription) is mixed with 1) primers that are complementary to sequences within the target sequence to be amplified, 2) a thermostable polymerase, and 3) four different nucleoside triphosphates. The normal steps of nucleic acid amplification are then followed—melting, annealing and synthesis—by thermal cycling of the mixture. The primers employed can be linked to a label. In some embodiments, a fluorescent intercalating agent is used in the reaction. The labeled primers and/or fluorescent intercalating agents allow quantification of the amounts of amplified products generated in various test reactions.

Microarrays exploit the preferential binding of complementary nucleic acid sequences. A microarray is typically a glass slide, on to which DNA molecules are attached at fixed locations (spots or features). There may be tens of thousands of spots on an array, each containing a huge number of identical DNA molecules (or fragments of identical molecules), of lengths from twenty to hundreds of nucleotides. The spots on a microarray are either printed on the microarrays by a robot, or synthesized by photo-lithography (similar to computer chip productions) or by ink-jet printing. There are commercially available microarrays, however many labs produce their own microarrays.

Hybridization

Nucleic acid hybridization simply involves contacting a probe and target nucleic acid under conditions where the probe and its complementary target can form stable hybrid duplexes through complementary base pairing (see Lockhart et al., 1999, WO 99/32660, for example). The nucleic acids that do not form hybrid duplexes are then washed away leaving the hybridized nucleic acids to be detected, for example, through detection of an attached detectable label. It is generally recognized that nucleic acids are denatured by increasing the temperature and/or decreasing the salt concentration of the buffer containing the nucleic acids.

Under low stringency conditions (e.g., low temperature and/or high salt) hybrid duplexes (e.g., DNA-DNA, RNA-RNA or RNA-DNA) will form even where the annealed sequences are not perfectly complementary. Thus specificity of hybridization is reduced at lower stringency. Conversely, at higher stringency (e.g., higher temperature or lower salt) successful hybridization occurs with fewer mismatches.

One of skill in the art will appreciate that hybridization conditions may be selected to provide any degree of stringency. Stringency can also be increased by addition of agents such as formamide. Hybridization specificity may be evaluated by comparison of hybridization to the test probes with hybridization to the various controls that can be present (e.g., expression level control, normalization control mismatch controls, etc.).

In general, there is a tradeoff between hybridization specificity (stringency) and signal intensity. Thus, in some embodiments, the wash is performed at the highest stringency that produces consistent results and that provides a signal intensity greater than approximately 10% of the background intensity. To better distinguish between the signal and the background, the hybridized sequences (e.g., on a microarray) may be washed at successively higher stringency solutions and read between each wash. Analysis of the data sets thus produced will reveal a wash stringency above which the hybridization pattern is not appreciably altered and which provides adequate signal for the particular oligonucleotide probes of interest.

As used herein, the terms “hybridize” and “hybridization” refer to the annealing of a complementary sequence to the target nucleic acid. i.e., the ability of two polymers of nucleic acid (polynucleotides) containing complementary sequences to anneal through base pairing. The terms “annealed” and “hybridized” are used interchangeably throughout, and are intended to encompass any specific and reproducible interaction between a complementary sequence and a target nucleic acid, including binding of regions having only partial complementarity. Certain bases not commonly found in natural nucleic acids may be included in the nucleic acids of the present invention and include, for example, inosine and 7-deazaguanine. Those skilled in the art of nucleic acid technology can determine duplex stability empirically considering a number of variables including, for example, the length of the complementary sequence, base composition and sequence of the oligonucleotide, ionic strength and incidence of mismatched base pairs. The stability of a nucleic acid duplex is measured by the melting temperature, or “T_(m)”. The T_(m) of a particular nucleic acid duplex under specified conditions is the temperature at which on average half of the base pairs have disassociated.

The term “stringency” is used in reference to the conditions of temperature, ionic strength, and the presence of other compounds, under which nucleic acid hybridizations are conducted. With “high stringency” conditions, nucleic acid base pairing will occur only between nucleic acid fragments that have a high frequency of complementary base sequences. Thus, conditions of “medium” or “low” stringency are often required when it is desired that nucleic acids which are not completely complementary to one another be hybridized or annealed together. The art knows well that numerous equivalent conditions can be employed to comprise medium or low stringency conditions. The choice of hybridization conditions is generally evident to one skilled in the art and is usually guided by the purpose of the hybridization, the type of hybridization (DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA), and the level of desired relatedness between the sequences (e.g., Sambrook et al. (1989); NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION, A PRACTICAL APPROACH, IRL Press, Washington D.C. 1985, for a general discussion of the methods).

The stability of nucleic acid duplexes is known to decrease with an increased number of mismatched bases, and further to be decreased to a greater or lesser degree depending on the relative positions of mismatches in the hybrid duplexes. Thus, the stringency of hybridization can be used to maximize or minimize stability of such duplexes. Hybridization stringency can be altered by: adjusting the temperature of hybridization; adjusting the percentage of helix destabilizing agents, such as formamide, in the hybridization mix; and adjusting the temperature and/or salt concentration of the wash solutions. For filter hybridizations, the final stringency of hybridizations often is determined by the salt concentration and/or temperature used for the post-hybridization washes.

“High stringency conditions” when used in reference to nucleic acid hybridization include conditions equivalent to binding or hybridization at 42° C. in a solution consisting of 5×SSPE (43.8 g/l NaCl, 6.9 g/l NaH₂PO₄ H₂O and 1.85 g/l EDTA, pH adjusted to 7.4 with NaOH), 0.5% SDS, 5×Denhardt's reagent and 100 μg/ml denatured salmon sperm DNA followed by washing in a solution comprising 0.1×SSPE, 1.0% SDS at 42° C. when a probe of about 500 nucleotides in length is employed.

“Medium stringency conditions” when used in reference to nucleic acid hybridization include conditions equivalent to binding or hybridization at 42° C. in a solution consisting of 5×SSPE (43.8 g/l NaCl, 6.9 g/l NaH₂PO₄ H₂O and 1.85 g/l EDTA, pH adjusted to 7.4 with NaOH), 0.5% SDS, 5×Denhardt's reagent and 100 g/ml denatured salmon sperm DNA followed by washing in a solution comprising 1.0×SSPE, 1.0% SDS at 42° C. when a probe of about 500 nucleotides in length is employed.

“Low stringency conditions” include conditions equivalent to binding or hybridization at 42EC in a solution consisting of 5×SSPE (43.8 g/l NaCl, 6.9 g/l NaH₂PO₄ H₂O and 1.85 g/l EDTA, pH adjusted to 7.4 with NaOH), 0.1% SDS, 5×Denhardt's reagent [50×Denhardt's contains per 500 ml: 5 g Ficoll (Type 400. Pharmacia), 5 g BSA (Fraction V; Sigma)] and 100 g/ml denatured salmon sperm DNA followed by washing in a solution comprising 5×SSPE, 0.1% SDS at 42° C. when a probe of about 500 nucleotides in length is employed.

The term “homology” refers to a degree of sequence identity. There may be partial homology or complete homology (i.e., identity). Homology is often measured using sequence analysis software (e.g., Sequence Analysis Software Package of the Genetics Computer Group. University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center. 1710 University Avenue. Madison. Wis. 53705). Such software matches similar sequences by assigning degrees of homology to various substitutions, deletions, insertions, and other modifications. Conservative substitutions typically include substitutions within the following groups: glycine, alanine; valine, isoleucine, leucine; aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glutamine; serine, threonine; lysine, arginine; and phenylalanine, tyrosine.

It is also understood that these ranges, compositions and conditions for hybridization are mentioned by way of non-limiting examples only, and that the desired stringency for a particular hybridization reaction is often determined empirically by comparison to one or more positive or negative controls. Depending on the application envisioned it is preferred to employ varying conditions of hybridization to achieve varying degrees of selectivity of a nucleic acid towards a target sequence. In a non-limiting example, identification or isolation of a related target nucleic acid that does not hybridize to a nucleic acid under stringent conditions may be achieved by hybridization at low temperature and/or high ionic strength. Such conditions are termed “low stringency” or “low stringency conditions,” and non-limiting examples of low stringency include hybridization performed at about 0.15 M to about 0.9 M NaCl at a temperature range of about 20° C. to about 50° C. Of course, it is within the skill of one in the art to further modify the low or high stringency conditions to suite a particular application.

The hybridization conditions selected also depend on the particular circumstances (depending, for example, on the G+C content, type of target nucleic acid, source of nucleic acid, and size of hybridization probe). Optimization of hybridization conditions for the particular application of interest is well known to those of skill in the art. Representative solid phase hybridization methods are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,843,663, 5,900,481, and 5,919,626, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Other methods of hybridization that may be used in the practice of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,849,481, 5,849,486, and 5,851,772, which are also incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Signal Detection

The hybridized nucleic acids are typically detected by detecting one or more labels attached to either the nucleic acids derived from a test sample (e.g., an amplified product) or to a probe that is hybridized to the mRNA or an amplified product of the mRNA. The labels may be incorporated by any of a number of means well known to those of skill in the art (for example, see Affymetrix GeneChip™ Expression Analysis Technical Manual).

DNA arrays and gene chip technology provide a means of rapidly screening a large number of nucleic acid samples for their ability to hybridize to a variety of single stranded DNA probes immobilized on a solid substrate. These techniques involve quantitative methods for analyzing large numbers of genes rapidly and accurately. The technology capitalizes on the complementary binding properties of single stranded DNA to screen nucleic acid samples by hybridization (Pease et al., 1994; Fodor et al., 1991). Basically, a DNA array or gene chip consists of a solid substrate with an attached array of single-stranded DNA molecules. For screening, the chip or array is contacted with a single stranded nucleic acid sample (e.g., cRNA or cDNA), which is allowed to hybridize under stringent conditions. The chip or array is then scanned to determine which probes have hybridized.

Methods for directly synthesizing on or attaching polynucleotide probes to solid substrates are available in the art. See. e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,837,832 and 5,837,860, both of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. A variety of methods have been utilized to either permanently or removably attach the probes to the substrate. Exemplary methods include: the immobilization of biotinylated nucleic acid molecules to avidin/streptavidin coated supports (Holmstrom, 1993), the direct covalent attachment of short, 5′-phosphorylated primers to chemically modified polystyrene plates (Rasmussen et al., 1991), or the precoating of the polystyrene or glass solid phases with poly-L-Lys or poly L-Lys. Phe, followed by the covalent attachment of either amino- or sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotides using bifunctional crosslinking reagents (Running et al., 1990; Newton et al., 1993). When immobilized onto a substrate, the probes are stabilized and therefore may be used repeatedly.

In general terms, hybridization is performed on an immobilized nucleic acid target or a probe molecule that is attached to a solid surface such as nitrocellulose, nylon membrane or glass. Numerous other matrix materials may be used, including reinforced nitrocellulose membrane, activated quartz, activated glass, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane, polystyrene substrates, polyacrylamide-based substrate, other polymers such as poly(vinyl chloride), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(dimethyl siloxane), photopolymers (which contain photoreactive species such as nitrenes, carbenes and ketyl radicals capable of forming covalent links with target molecules).

The Affymetrix GeneChip system may be used for hybridization and evaluation of the probe arrays, where the probes have been selected to hybridize to any combination of the genes listed in Table 1 (or a cRNA or cDNA obtained from an mRNA generated by any of those genes). In some embodiments, the Affymetrix U95A or U133A array is used in conjunction with Microarray Suite 5.0 for data acquisition and preliminary analysis of gene expression patterns and/or levels.

Normalization Controls

Normalization controls are oligonucleotide probes that are complementary to labeled reference oligonucleotides that are added to the nucleic acid sample. The signals obtained from the normalization controls after hybridization provide a control for variations in hybridization conditions, label intensity. “reading” efficiency and other factors that may cause the hybridization signal to vary between arrays. For example, signals read from all other probes in the array can be divided by the signal from the control probes thereby normalizing the measurements.

Virtually any probe may serve as a normalization control. However, it is recognized that hybridization efficiency varies with base composition and probe length. Preferred normalization probes are selected to reflect the average length of the other probes present in the array, however, they can be selected to cover a range of lengths. The normalization control(s) can also be selected to reflect the (average) base composition of the other probes in the array, however in a preferred embodiment, only one or a few normalization probes are used and they are selected such that they hybridize well (i.e. no secondary structure) and do not match any target-specific probes. Normalization probes can be localized at any position in the array or at multiple positions throughout the array to control for spatial variation in hybridization efficiently.

In a some embodiments, a standard probe cocktail supplied by Affymetrix is added to the hybridization to control for hybridization efficiency when using Affymetrix Gene Chip arrays.

Expression Level Controls

Expression level controls are probes that hybridize specifically with constitutively expressed genes in the sample. The expression level controls can be used to evaluate the efficiency of cRNA preparation.

Virtually any constitutively expressed gene provides a suitable target for expression level controls. Typically expression level control probes have sequences complementary to subsequences of constitutively expressed “housekeeping genes.”

In one embodiment, the ratio of the signal obtained for a 3′ expression level control probe and a 5′ expression level control probe that specifically hybridize to a particular housekeeping gene is used as an indicator of the efficiency of cRNA preparation. A ratio of 1-3 indicates an acceptable preparation.

Databases

Any appropriate computer platform may be used to perform the necessary comparisons between sequence information, gene expression information and any other information in a database or provided as an input. For example, a large number of computer workstations and programs are available from a variety of manufacturers, such as those available from Affymetrix.

Statistical Methods

Combining profiles of gene expression over a wide array of transcripts has potentially more classification prediction power than relying on any single gene. The significance of the difference between the levels of gene expression between tissue sample types can be assessed using expression data and any number of statistical tests such as those described in the Examples and by using published methods (e.g., the Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) method, see, Tusher V G, et al., 2001, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98(9):5116-21). SAM identifies genes with statistically significant changes in expression by assimilating a set of gene-specific t-tests. Each gene is assigned a score on the basis of its change in gene expression relative to the standard deviation of repeated measurements for that gene. Genes with scores greater than a threshold are deemed potentially significant. The percentage of such genes identified by chance is the false discovery rate (FDR). To estimate the FDR, nonsense genes are identified by analyzing permutations of the measurements. The threshold can be adjusted to identify smaller or larger sets of genes, and FDRs are calculated for each set.

Kits

The methods described herein can be practiced using a kit. Such kits generally include probes and/or primers for detecting and/or quantifying expression of the differnentially expressed genes described herein, and instructions for performing the detection and/or quantification methods.

Thus, one aspect of the invention is a kit that includes, for example, (a) at least one set of oligonucleotide primers, wherein a first primer in the set contains a sequence complementary to a region in one strand of a nucleic acid sequence template and primes the synthesis of a first extension product, and a second primer contains a sequence complementary to a region in said first extension product and primes the synthesis of a nucleic acid strand complementary to said first extension product, and wherein the template is a differentially expressed gene, or an RNA or DNA copy of the differentially expressed gene; and (b) instructions for using the at least one set of oligonucleotide primers: wherein differentially expressed gene is selected from the group consisting of ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDH16, ChGn, CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DTX4, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GALNT7, GATM, HGD, HMGA2. IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1, PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC25A15, SLC4A4, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TNS3, TSPAN12, UPP1, and a combination thereof.

The first primer and/or the second primer provided in the kit can have a covalently attached label. For example, the first primer and/or the second primer can be selected from any of SEQ ID NO:3-118.

Another kit that can be made and/or used for detecting differential expression can include (a) a microarray with covalently attached probes that can hybridize to a differentially expressed gene selected from the group consisting of ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDHI6, ChGn, CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DTX4, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GALNT7, GATM, HGD. HMGA2, IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1, PSD3, PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC25A15, SLC4A4, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TNS3, TSPAN12, UPP1, and a combination thereof; and (b) instructions for using the microarray.

Probes useful in the microarray of this kit can hybridize to any of ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDH16, ChGn, CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DTX4, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GALNT7. GATM, HGD, HMGA2, IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1, PSD3. QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC25A15, SLC4A4, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TNS3, TSPAN12, UPP1, or a combination thereof

The kit can include other useful components. For example, the kit can include a container of nucleotides for use as subunits in the synthesis of and amplified product. In some embodiments, the one or more nucleotides provided can have a covalently attached label. The nucleotides provided with the kit can be ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides. Other components provided by the kit include reagents or devices for isolating and/or purifying mRNA, enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, ligase. DNA polymerase (e.g., Taq polymerase), solutions and buffers for performing enzymatic reaction, and/or solutions for performing hybridization. Thus, the kits can include one or more buffers, such as a DNA isolation buffers, an amplification buffer or a hybridization buffer. The kit may also contain compounds and reagents to prepare DNA templates and isolate RNA from a test sample. The kit may also include various labeling reagents and compounds.

The kit of can also include one or more standard or control probes. For example, one or more of the standard or control probes can be a probe or probes for one or more constitutively expressed genes.

In some embodiments the instructions provided with the kit can describe a method for amplifying an mRNA, cRNA or cDNA corresponding to the differentially expressed gene(s). One of skill in the art may choose to utilize the kit for detecting differential expression by hybridization of a first primer and/or a second primer to an mRNA, cRNA or cDNA corresponding to the differentially expressed gene under moderate to highly stringent hybridization conditions. When using the kit with the microarray, one of skill in the art may choose to utilize the kit for detecting differential expression by hybridization of a probe to an mRNA, cRNA or cDNA corresponding to the differentially expressed gene under moderate to highly stringent hybridization conditions. For example, the instructions provided in the kit can inform one of skill in the art to employ hybridization conditions that are moderately to highly stringent hybridization conditions.

The kit can include primers and/or probes for detecting some or all of the differentially expressed genes. For example, the kits can detect and/or quantify expression of a subset of differentially expressed genes such as any one of DIO1, DTX4, GALNT7, HMGA2, IGFBP6, MET, PROS1, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, TIAM1, TIMP1, UPP1 or a combination thereof. The kits can detect and/or quantify expression of other subsets of differentially expressed genes, for example, any one of ANK2, ARHGAP6, CDH16, CITED 1, CITED 2, COL9A3, ChGn, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GATM, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, PIP3-E, PSD3, TNS3, TSPAN12, TIAM1 or a combination thereof. Alternatively, for example, the kits can be used to detect another subset of differentially expressed genes such as one or more of the following genes C11orf17, CAPN3, CAPN3, CKB, CSRP2, DAPK2, DPP4, HGD, MYH10, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PKNOX2, PRKACB, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, and SLC25A15 or a combination thereof.

Thus, probes and/or primers for detecting mRNA expression of any of the genes listed in Table 1 may be included in a kit. The kit may further include individual nucleic acids that can be amplified with the nucleic acids of interest. The kit can also include probes and/or primers for detecting particular control nucleic acid sequences. The control nucleic acids included in the kit can be mRNA(s) and/or control cDNA(s). The probes, primers and/or control RNA and/or DNA sequences can be provided on a microarray. Alternatively, the probes, primers and/or control RNA and/or DNA sequences can be provided in separate vials or wells of an assay plate (e.g., a microtiter plate).

Some of the components of the kits may be packaged either in aqueous media or in lyophilized form. When the components of the kit are provided in one and/or more liquid solutions, the liquid solution is an aqueous solution, with a sterile aqueous solution being particularly preferred. However, the components of the kit may also be provided as dried powder(s). When reagents and/or components are provided as a dry powder, the powder can be reconstituted by the addition of a suitable solvent. It is envisioned that the solvent may also be provided in another container or by the user.

The containers for the kits can include at least one vial, test tube, flask, bottle, syringe or other container means, into which a component may be placed, and/or suitably aliquoted. A labeling reagent and label may be included and packaged separately or together. There can be more than one component or container in the kit. For example, the kit can also contain a second, third or other additional container into which the additional components may be separately placed. However, various combinations of components may be included together in a vial. The kits of the present invention can also include a means for containing the nucleic acids, and any other reagent containers in close confinement for commercial sale. Such containers may include injection or blow-molded plastic containers into which the desired vials are retained.

A kit will also include instructions for employing the kit components as well the use of any other reagent not included in the kit. Instructions may include variations that can be implemented.

The following non-limiting examples further illustrate aspects of the invention.

Example 1: Materials and Methods Tumor Samples

Tissue samples were collected at time of surgery, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80° C. Representative slides for all tumors were reviewed by two dedicated pathologists. A total of 90 thyroid tumor samples, including 16 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 22 follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), 15 hyperplastic nodules, 22 follicular adenomas, and 15 histologically borderline tumors were analyzed in this study. This study was approved by our Institutional Review Board.

Borderline tumors were defined as encapsulated lesions with follicular architecture in which the morphologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma were qualitatively incomplete and the lesions did not demonstrate evidence of capsular and/or vascular invasion. The incomplete features of papillary thyroid carcinoma were widespread in the lesions that were analyzed in this study and did not represent focal findings in an otherwise benign nodule. An example of such a borderline tumor sample is shown in FIG. 1. In essence, these cases could be classified as well differentiated tumors of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP) as proposed by Williams et al. (Int J Surg Pathol. 8:181-183 (2000)). The officially reported final diagnosis of the 15 borderline tumors, all rendered prior to the onset of this study, was 7 follicular adeonomas and 8 FVPTCs.

RNA Isolation and GeneChip Hybridization

RNA was extracted using RNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen. Valencia, Calif.) from frozen tissue following manufacturer's protocol. RNA purity was confirmed by spectrophotometry. Total RNA was reverse transcribed to complementary DNA (cDNA) according to manufacturer's protocol (NuGEN Ovation RNA Amplification System V2) and then labeled with biotin, cDNA was then hybridized to genechips for microarray analysis, using either GeneChip U95A or U133A (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, Calif.).

Microarray Data Analysis

ArrayAssist 5.2.2 (Stratagene, Inc., La Jolla, Calif.) was used for gene chip analysis. Interchip and intrachip normalization was performed via robust multichip analysis (RMA). After RMA, hybridization signals underwent variance stabilization, log transformation, and baseline transformation. Advanced significance analysis was performed on 50 U95A GeneChips including 10 hyperplastic nodules, 16 follicular adenomas, 13 follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinomas (FVPTCs), and 11 papillary thyroid carcinomas. This formed the training set. Gene expression of benign tumors was compared to that of malignant tumors. After Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false-discovery, gene probe sets with significant differential expression (2-fold or more with p<0.05) were identified. This probe list was then converted to correspond to probes on the U133A Gene Chips (array comparison software; available from Affymetrix.com). The remaining 40 tumor samples, all analyzed with U133A Gene Chips, formed the test set. The test set was then assessed using unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis and K-means cluster analysis with both 2- and 3-group cluster algorithms. Genes that were differentially expressed between borderline tumors and classic benign and malignant tumors were further identified with advanced significance analysis.

Detection of BRAF Mutations

All 40 tumors forming the test group were analyzed for v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutations in which glutamate was substituted for valine at codon 600. One microgram of RNA was reverse-transcribed in a 20 μl reaction and a 1 μl aliquot of cDNA was used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The following PCR primers were used:

forward primer,5′-TGCTTGCTCTGATAGGAAAATG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:1); and reverse primer, 5′-GACTTTCTAGTAACTCAGCAGC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:2).

Amplification was carried out for 35 cycles (at 94° C. for 15 seconds, at 60° C. for 1 minute, and at 72° C. for 1 minute). All PCR products were visualized by electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel and purified using a PCR purification kit (Qiagen Inc). BRAF mutations were detected by direct sequencing of PCR products. All sequencing was performed bidirectionally using the Big Dye Terminator cycle-sequencing kit and the Applied Biosystems Automated 3730 DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems. Foster City. Calif.).

Example 2: Accurate Diagnosis of Thyroid Tumors as Benign or Malignant

This Example illustrates that gene expression analysis can be used to identify whether tumors of uncertain malignancy are benign or malignant. Based on their benign clinical behavior, it is proposed that these encapsulated thyroid follicular lesions with partial nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma be called ‘follicular adenomas with nuclear atypia’ and the data indicate that these lesions may not need to be treated as cancers.

Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Tumors

The training set consisted of 50 tumors including 26 unequivocal benign tumors (16 follicular adenoma and 10 hyperplastic nodules) and 24 unequivocal malignancies (11 PTC and 13 FVPTC). A total of 66 probe sets corresponding to 56 genes showed significant differential expression between benign and malignant tumors. Thirty-one genes had up-regulated expression in malignancies compared to benign tumors, and 30 genes were down-regulated (Table 1).

TABLE 1 Genes differentially expressed between benign, borderline, and/or malignant thyroid lesions Gene Fold Gene Name Symbol Change* P Differentially expressed between benign and borderline/malignant lesions Ankyrin 2, neuronal ANK2 −2.70 .0281 Rho GTPase activating protein 6 ARHGAP6 −2.42 .0329 Cadherin 16, kidney-specific cadherin CDH16 −2.28 .0185 Cbp/p300-interacting CITED1 +6.44 .0252 Cbp/p300-interacting CITED2 −2.06 .0261 Cbp/p300-interacting CITED2 −2.76 .0182 Collagen, type IX, alpha 3 COL9A3 −5.87 .0160 Chondroitin beta 1,4 ChGn −3.72 .0111 Dual-specificity phosphatase 4 DUSP4 +3.69 .0206 EGF-containing fibulin-like EFEMP1 −2.60 .0464 engulfment and cell motility 1 ELMO1 −2.60 .0261 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 FGFR2 −2.13 .0343 Fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane FLRT1 −2.10 .0252 protein 1 Fibromodulin FMOD −3.09 .0063 Glycine amidinotransferase GATM −2.41 .0482 V-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline KIT −3.85 .0039 Low-density lipoprotein LRP4 +5.89 .016 Matrilin 2 MATN2 −3.38 .0127 Slit homolog 1 (Drosophila) SLIT1 +3.35 .0258 Spectrin, alpha, nonerythrocytic 1 SPTAN1 +2.66 .0160 Transcription factor CP2-like 1 TFCP2L1 −3.54 .0029 Phosphoinositide-binding protein PIP3-E −3.14 .0343 Pleckstrin and Sec7 domain PSD3 +2.40 .0169 Pleckstrin and Sec7 domain PSD3 +2.55 .0214 Tensin 3 TNS3 −2.41 .0029 Tetraspanin 12 TSPAN12 −2.35 .0047 T-cell lymphoma invasion and TIAM1 +3.91 .0160 metastasis Differentially expressed between malignant and borderline/benign lesions Deiodinase, iodonthyronine, type 1 DIO1 −4.47 .0321 Deltex 4 homolog (Drosophila) DTX4 +3.68 .0111 Uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-alpha-D- GALNT7 +2.07 .0213 galactosamine High-mobility group AT-hook 2 HMGA2 +3.56 .0204 Insulin-like growth factor binding IGFBP6 +3.18 .0160 protein 6 Met proto-oncogene MET +2.35 .0182 Protein S PROS1 +3.97 .0089 Syndecan 4 SDC4 −3.26 .0049 Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A SERPINA1 +5.64 .0252 Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A SERPINA1 +4.81 .0233 Solute carrier family 4 SLC4A4 −4.03 .0034 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 TIMP1 +2.72 .0446 Uridine phosphorylase 1 UPP1 +2.25 .0127 T-cell lymphoma invasion and TIAM1 +3.91 .0160 metastasis 1 Differentially expressed only between benign and malignant lesions Chromosome 11 open reading frame 17 C11orf17 −2.12 .0239 Calpain 3 CAPN3 +2.00 .0263 Calpain 3 CAPN3 +2.10 .0410 Creatine kinase, brain CKB −2.46 .0189 Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 CSRP2 −2.41 .0189 Death-associated protein kinase DAPK2 +2.23 .0322 Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 DPP4 +2.83 .0127 Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 DPP4 +2.51 .0117 Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase HGD −3.17 .0149 Myosin, heavy chain 10 MYH10 +2.73 .0214 Phosphonoformate immunoassociated PFAAP5 +2.59 .0189 protein 5 Phosphonoformate immunoassociated PFAAP5 +2.28 .0258 protein 5 Placental growth factor PGF −2.22 .0301 Myosin, heavy chain 10 MYH10 +2.73 .0214 PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 2 PKNOX2 −2.31 .0455 Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent PRKACB −2.20 .0241 Glytaminyl-peptidecyclotransferase QPCT +3.43 .0136 RAB27A, member RAS oncogene RAB27A +2.41 .0111 RAB27A, member RAS oncogene RAB27A +2.08 .0063 Retinoid X receptor, gamma RXRG +2.57 .0261 Solute carrier family 25 SLC25A15 −2.75 .0261 GTP indicates guanine triphosphate; Cpb, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein; EGF, epidermal growth factor; Sec7, a guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor (also called ARNO3 and cytohesion 3); AT, adenine and thymine; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate. *Fold change is shown relative to benign lesions.

Unsupervised Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

An independent set of 40 test samples was then characterized by observing the expression of genes from the list generated by the training set. The test set included 15 borderline tumors as well as a second group of unequivocal benign (n=11) and malignant (n=14) tumors, including 6 follicular adenomas, 5 hyperplastic nodules, 9 FVPTCs and 5 PTCs. In an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, all benign tumors were distinguished from malignant tumors as expected (FIG. 2).

In addition to these two groups of tumor types, a third intermediate group was identified. This tumor group involved 15 tumors, where the vast majority (10 cases) were histologically borderline tumors. Three FVPTCs and 2 follicular adenomas were also identified in this borderline group of tumor types. Of the 5 remaining borderline tumors, 4 clustered with the benign group and 1 with the malignant group. It is noteworthy that these tumors were the most peripheral nodes in these two groups, indicating an expression profile closer to the intermediate group than other benign and malignant tumors (FIG. 2).

K-Means Cluster Analysis

To help elucidate the differences in gene expression between the three groups of tumors (benign, borderline and malignant), the test set was also subjected to K-means cluster analysis using both 2- and 3-groups. In the 2-group cluster algorithm, tumors were separated into two groups based on their gene expression of the genes of interest. This algorithm distinguished benign and malignant tumors with 93% sensitivity and 82% specificity (FIG. 3). Borderline tumors were divided, with four tumors (27%) grouped with benign tumors while eleven (73%) were grouped with the malignant tumors.

In the 3-group cluster algorithm, tumors were separated into three designated groups based on their expression profile. With this algorithm, malignant tumors primarily formed one group (with 1 borderline tumors), benign tumors formed a second group (with 4 borderline tumors), and a third group was composed of 10 borderline tumors, 2 follicular adenoma, and 3 FVPTC (FIG. 4). These 2 follicular adenomas were previously grouped with malignancies in the 2-group algorithm (FA-3 and FA-4) and one of the three FVPTCs that was grouped with the borderline tumors (FVPTC-3) had previously clustered with the benign tumors in the 2-group algorithm.

Correlation with Final Clinical Diagnosis and Patient Follow-Up

Of 15 borderline tumors included in this study, 7 tumors were officially diagnosed and reported as follicular adenomas (47%) and 8 (53%) as FVPTCs. Upon review of the 2-group K-means cluster analysis of these 15 borderline tumors, a correlation between the reported diagnosis and cluster group was observed in only 6 out of 15 tumors (40%), underscoring the diagnostic dilemmas that pathologists face with these tumors (Table 2).

TABLE 2 Comparison of Final Diagnosis with 2-Group Clustering of Borderline Tumor Samples BOR1-15 Pathologic Cluster Sample Diagnosis Group Concordance BOR 1 FVPTC Benign No BOR 2 FA Benign Yes BOR 3 FA Malignant* No BOR 4 FVPTC Malignant* Yes BOR 5 FA Malignant* No BOR 6 FA Malignant* No BOR 7 FVPTC Malignant* Yes BOR 8 FVPTC Malignant* Yes BOR 9 FA Malignant* No BOR 10 FA Malignant No BOR 11 FVPTC Malignant* Yes BOR 12 FVPTC Malignant* Yes BOR 13 FA Malignant* No BOR 14 FVPTC Benign No BOR 15 FVPTC Benign No

None of the borderline tumors were associated with lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis. Of the 9 patients with histologically borderline tumors who were followed, 6 patients were officially diagnosed with FVPTC, and none developed a recurrence after surgery (mean follow-up 1.7 years; range 2 months to 4.4 years) based on thyroglobulin level, ultrasound studies, or a combination of both methods. Similarly, among the 3 patients with FVPTC in the molecularly intermediate group (FVPTC-1. FVPTC-2, and FVPTC-3), none had lymph node metastasis, extranodal extension, or recurrent disease at follow-up periods of 23 months, 23 months, and 25 months, respectively.

Gene Signature of Borderline Tumors

To identify gene expression profiles that distinguish borderline tumors from either benign or malignant tumors, another advanced significance analysis was performed. Twenty-seven of the 61 genes had significant differential expression between benign and borderline tumors, while 14 of the 61 genes had significant differential expression between malignancies and borderline tumors. Only one of these genes, T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1), overlapped between the two comparisons (FIG. 5). Of the 27 genes that distinguished benign from borderline tumors, 8 genes had up-regulated expression in borderline tumors including, CITED-1, and 19 genes were down-regulated including fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR-2) (Table 1). Of the 14 genes that distinguished malignant tumors from borderline tumors, 11 genes were up-regulated in malignant tumors, including met proto-oncogene (MET) and the high-mobility group adenine/thymine-hook 2 gene (HMGA2), whereas 2 genes were relatively down-regulated, notably deiodinase-1 (DIO) (Table 1).

Mutational Analysis of v-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B1

BRAF mutational analysis was performed on all tumors in the test set. BRAF mutations were identified in 4 of 14 of the malignant tumors (29%) (Table 3). No borderline tumors or benign tumors had BRAF mutations.

TABLE 3 Presence of BRAF mutation in tumors BRAF mutation Percent PTC (n = 5) 3 60%  FVPTC (n = 9) 1 11%  BOR (n = 15) 0 0% Follicular Adenoma 0 0% (n = 6) Hyperplastic Nodule 0 0% (n = 5) PTC = papillary thyroid carcinoma; FVPTC = follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma; BOR = borderline tumor

Encapsulated follicular lesions with cytologic atypia remain a diagnostic challenge for pathologists. The foregoing experiments employed molecular profiling to identify a third category of thyroid tumors that, based on gene expression data, is likely to be premalignant. This third category of encapsulated follicular tumors with cytologic atypia typically did not fit into previously proposed benign or malignant classification schemes using standard histology, immunohistochemistry, or mutation analysis. The majority of histologically borderline tumors (66.7%) fell into an intermediate group and only a small number share gene expression similarities with benign tumors (26.7%) or malignant tumors (6.7%; Kmeans cluster analysis) (FIG. 4).

Many genes that were expressed differentially between benign tumors and malignant tumors in the training set were classic markers of PTC, including CITED1; dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4); FGFR2; and serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (SERPINA1) (see also, Prasad et al., Mod. Pathol. 2005; 18:48-57 (2005); Huang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98:15044-49 (2001); Jarzab et al., Cancer Res. 65:1587-1597 (2005)).

It is noteworthy that borderline tumors, like malignant tumors, exhibited up-regulated gene expression of CITED1 and pleckstrin and Sec7 domain 3 (PSD3) and down-regulated gene expression of FGFR2 relative to benign tumors (Table 1). These genes and others listed in Table 1 are potential markers of early tumorigenesis.

In contrast, some genes with expression that was consistently altered in malignant tumors exhibited unchanged expression in the borderline group of tumors. For example DIO1, a differentiation marker that was consistently lost in PTC, was retained in this borderline group. Conversely. MET, SERPINA1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), and HMGA2, which are genes that were often activated or over-expressed in PTC, exhibited lower expression in the borderline group of tumors relative to the malignant group. These genes may represent gene expression changes that are involved in the later stages of cancer development. These findings indicate that the histologically borderline tumors are premalignant and still lack the complete phenotype of PTC.

The results of BRAF mutation analysis also were in agreement with other studies (see, Nikiforova et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88:5399-5404 (2003)), with mutations identified in 29% of malignancies. To date. BRAF mutations have not been identified in benign lesions or in borderline encapsulated follicular tumors (see, Arora et al., World J Surg. 32:1237-1246 (2008); Fontaine et al., Oncogene 27:2228-2236 (2008)). Some studies indicate that BRAF mutations are associated with more aggressive tumors (Frasca et al., Endocr Relat Cancer. 15:191-205 (2008); Kebebew et al., Ann Surg. 246:466-471 (2007)) indicating that borderline tumors are more likely to be indolent tumors.

The finding that BRAF mutation is more frequent in classic PTC than in FVPTC also indicates that, for FVPTCs derived from FAs, BRAF either is uninvolved in carcinogenesis or is involved only as a late event. In addition, because of its higher frequency in classic PTC versus FVPTC. BRAF mutational analysis remains of limited usefulness in the diagnostic evaluation of these lesions.

Of the 15 histologically-defined borderline tumors in this study, 10 were clustered in an intermediate group, separate from benign and malignant clusters (FIG. 3). It is noteworthy that not all borderline tumors were separated into this third group: One tumor was clustered with malignant tumors, and 4 tumors were clustered with benign tumors. Conversely, 3 histologically-unequivocal FVPTCs and 2 FAs were identified in the molecularly intermediate group. Given the data provided herein that FAs, borderline tumors, and FVPTCs are stages of a biologic continuum, such an imperfect correlation between the histological classification and molecular data illustrates that accurate diagnosis should not be based on histological analysis alone.

Immunohistochemical markers have been studied in a few well differentiated tumors of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP) with variable results. Papotti et al. (Mod Pathol. 18:541-546 (2005)) studied the expression of galectin-3 and HBME1 in 13 WDT-UMPs and noted some degree of staining with either antibody in 12 of 13 tumors. Immunohistochemical staining for HBME1. Galectin-3, and CK19 (data not shown) in the histologically borderline tumors that were studied as described herein revealed heterogeneous staining patterns. This variability, again, may reflect the biologically borderline nature of these tumors.

Unfortunately, part of the problem with standard diagnostic tools is the need by clinicians to separate tumors into benign or malignant categories. Partially for that reason, the term WDT-UMP proposed by Williams and by Rosai has not been embraced in practice and certainly is not in use at most institutions (Williams et al., Int J Surg Pathol. 8:181-183 (2000); Rosai, Endocr Pathol. 16:279-283 (2005)). Consequently, the majority of borderline tumors, as in the current study, probably are diagnosed as FVPTCs because of pathologists' general preference to err on the side of over-diagnosis for potential legal concerns. Patients are then often subjected, perhaps unnecessarily, to completion thyroidectomies, central neck dissections, and even radioactive iodine therapy. With the current 2-tiered classification (benign and malignant), our 2-Kmeans cluster would place 73% of histologically borderline tumors in the malignant category. However, such classification is somewhat simplistic and does not correlate with the clinical behavior of these tumors.

Several groups have reviewed the outcome of patients with encapsulated PTC, including both classic PTC and FVPTC (Liu et al., Cancer. 107:1255-1264 (2006); Vickery et al., Am J Surg Pathol. 7: 797-807 (1983); Evans et al., Am J Surg Pathol. 11:592-597 (1987). Liu et al. reviewed the outcome data from 42 patients with encapsulated, noninvasive FVPTCs who had a median 10-year follow-up and reported that no patients had recurrences and that none had lymph node metastasis. Vickery identified 10 patients who had encapsulated papillary cancers; in those patients, none had a recurrence, and only 1 patient had developed lymph node metastasis at a median follow-up of 15 years. Evans identified 7 patients who had encapsulated PTC and reported no recurrences or distant metastases at a median follow-up of 13.5 years. The number of studies that specifically have investigated tumors with borderline features is limited, although no tumor recurrences have been reported (Fusco et al., Am J Pathol. 160:2157-2167 (2002)). Likewise, none of the patients with borderline tumors in the current study had lymph node metastasis, and none of those with clinical follow-up developed recurrent disease or distant metastasis. The data presented here provide evidence that borderline tumors represent a molecularly distinct group of tumors that may not need aggressive treatment.

Example 3: Real Time PCR Methods

This example describes procedures for performing reverse transcription, real-time, quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).

Total RNA from human cells is isolated by a standard mini-column method, RNAeasy® Mini Kit (Qiagen. Valencia, Calif.). RNA sample quality is evaluated based on electrophoretic integrity of 18S and 28S rRNA bands on a 2100 Bioanalyzer instrument (Agilent, Santa Clara, Calif.) and by standard spectrophotometric absorbance methods at 230, 260 and 280 nm wavelengths on a NanoDrop 1000 (NanoDrop/fhermo Scientific. Wilmington, Del.).

Preparation of cDNA from the RNA samples is carried out using 1.0 μg of total RNA into a standard 20 μl MMLV reverse transcriptase (Promega. Madison, Wis.) reaction according to the manufacturer's instructions using Promega buffers with a combination of 50 μg/ml random hexamers (Integrated DNA Technologies. Coralville, Iowa) and 2.5 ng/μl oligo d(T16) (Integrated DNA Technologies, Coralville, Iowa) to prime the first strand synthesis. Upon completion of the reverse transcription protocol the cDNA sample is diluted with 91 μl nuclease-free water (˜5 fold) so that 1 μl (˜1/100) is used as the template for individual 25 μl PCR reactions.

SYBR® Green real-time PCR is set up by combining 12.5 μl 2×SYBR® Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) with 1 μl cDNA sample, 1 μl PCR primer mix (10 μM each forward and reverse primers from Tables 4 and 5) and 10 μl nuclease-free water in an appropriate reaction tube or plate. Real-time PCR thermal cycling and detection is performed on either an ABI 7500 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) or Stratagene Mx3005P (Agilent, Santa Clara, Calif.) instrument for 1 cycle of 10 minutes at 95° C., then 40 cycles of 15 seconds at 95° C. and 60 seconds at 60° C. followed by the instrument specific dissociation analysis steps.

Using the instrument's software and a consistent selection of measurement variables. Ct values are determined and relative expression measurements obtained by the ΔΔCt calculation method (Livak, K J, Schmittgen. TD. 2001, Methods 25.402-408).

Example 4: Primers and Probes for Detection of Differential Expression

This Example describes primers and probes for detecting expression of the differentially expressed genes described herein.

Thus, the sequences of primers with SEQ ID NO:3-118 are shown below in Tables 4 and 5.

Examples of human sequences (SEQ ID NO: 119-172) for the differentially expressed genes ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDH16. ChGn. CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DTX4, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1. FMOD. GALNT7, GATM, HGD. HMGA2. IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYH10, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1, PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC25A15. SLC4A4, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, TIAM1. TIMP1, TNS3, TSPANI2, and UPP1 are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 4 Forward Primers for Nucleic Acid Amplification Of Differentially Expressed Genes Gene Symbol NIH/NCBI HGNC Transcript Forward Primer SEQ Standard ID Sequence ID NO: ANK2 NM_001127493 AATACTGTGAGAA  3 GAAGTG ARHGAP6 NM_001174 GTGCCAAAGGCTG  4 AGGAAATG C11orf17 NM_182901 CTCATGTGGTAGC  5 AGTTGATTC NAUK2 NM_030952 GAAGTCCCGCAAG  6 GAGAATG CAPN3 NM_173090 AGGCTGGCCTCAT  7 CCAAAG CDH16 NM_004062 GATCGTGTGTCGC  8 TGCAAC CSGALNACT1 NR_024040 AGGAAACTCATTC  9 (ChGn) AGACTG CITED1 NM_004143 ATGCCAACCAAGA 10 GATGAG CITED2 NM_006079 AATGGGCGAGCAC 11 ATACAC CITED2 NM_006079 TAATAGGGTGTGG 12 AATGTC CKB NM_001823 CTTCCTAACTTAT 13 TGCCTG COL9A3 NM_001853 GGATCTGCGACAC 14 CTCAGC CSRP2 NM_001321 GGCCTACAACAAA 15 TCCAAAC DAPK2 NM_014326 TAGGACACGCAGG 16 AAAGACCAC DIO1 NM_000792 TTAAACCTGTCCA 17 CATTGGTG DPP4 NM_001935 GATAAGAGGGATT 18 AGGGAG DTX4 NM_015177 ATTTCCTTTCTAA 19 CACTGTG DUSP4 NM_001394 TCTAGTTACAGTG 20 GATTTAG EFEMP1 NM_001039348 ATCCAGAGTGACA 21 GTGAAC ELMO1 NM_001039459 GACTAAACCTAAA 22 TGCCTC FGFR2 NM_000141 ATCCAGCCTCATA 23 CCTACATCAG FLRT1 NM_013280 GCTTATTCCATAC 24 CATTTC FMOD NM_002023 GGCTCTTCTCCCT 25 CTCCCAG GALNT7 NM_017423 GTTGGTAATATCA 26 CTATGC GATM NM_001482 GTAATTGGATTTC 27 GCTATC HGD NM_000187 GATGAGAACTACC 28 ACAAGTGCTG HMGA2 NM_003483 TGTACTTTGAATC 29 GCTTGCTTGTTG IGFBP6 NM_002178 TGCAGCAACTCCA 30 GACTGAG KIT NM_001093772 TTGTGTGTTGTCT 31 TGAAAG LRP4 NM_002334 GAAGCGATTCTCC 32 CATGCTC MATN2 NM_030583 TACGATAAAGTTT 33 GCACAG MET NM_001127500 GAAAGAACTGTCT 34 CTACCAG MYH10 NM_005964 ACTACAAGCAGAG 35 ACTGAG PFAAP5 U50535 CAAGGCAGGCAGA 36 TTGTTTG PFAAP5 CR601845 TTAGCGGACATGG 37 GTCAATTTC PGF NM_002632 GCTTGTACTGGGA 38 CATTGTTC IPCEF1 NM_001130700 GATCCAGGACATC 39 (PIP3-E) TATCAG PKNOX2 NM_022062 AGCACGGACACAC 40 TGGCAC PRKACB NM_002731 GTGAAAGCACCTT 41 GTAAAC PROS1 NM_000313 AGTAAGGAGGTAA 42 GATTGC PSD3 NM_206909 GGTAGTGTCTAAG 43 TGGTATG PSD3 NM_206909 TGACTTTCAACTA 44 ACCTTG QPCT NM_012413 GATATTGTGTCCT 45 AAATTGC RAB27A NM_183236 TGCCAATGGGACA 46 AACATAAG RAB27A NM_183236 GATGCCTGTTTGC 47 TATTTGGTGGAAG RXRG NM_006917 ATTGTACTCTTTA 48 ACCCAG SDC4 NM_002999 CTTCCTCAGTTGC 49 ACTAACCAC SERPINA1 NM_000295 TCTGCCAGCTTAC 50 ATTTACCCAAAC SLC25A15 NM_014252 GTGACCGCTCTTG 51 CTCTTG SLC4A4 NM_003759 AAGAGTGAATAGT 52 TGCCTC SLIT1 NM_003061 CTAGAGGCTGGTT 53 TAGAAC SPTAN1 NM_003127 AGTTTGTAGCCAA 54 TGTGGAAG TFCP2L1 NM_014553 TGATTTCCTGTTA 55 TGAGTC TIAM1 NM_003253 TTCCATATCATCT 56 CCGGTTCG TIMP1 NM_003254 GACTCTTGCACAT 57 CACTAC TNS3 NM_022748 TGTGCCCAACGCA 58 TGTTATAG TSPAN12 NM_012338 AGAAAGGACTTGT 59 ATGCTG UPP1 NM_181597 GTGTGTGTCACCC 60 TCCTGAAC

TABLE 5 Reverse Primers for Nucleic Acid Amplification of Differentially Expressed Genes Gene Symbol NIH/NCBI HGNC Transcript Reverse Primer SEQ Standard ID Sequence ID NO: ANK2 NM_001127493 TTGCAGCTATGT  61 ATTGTTAG ARHGAP6 NM_001174 GATGGCGATACG  62 CTTCAGTA C11orf17 NM_182901 AAGGTGATGTGA  63 TGGCAGTG NAUK2 NM_030952 TTGGCAGCTTGA  64 GGTTGCTC CAPN3 NM_173090 CTTGATCGGTCA  65 TGCCTAGCC CDH16 NM_004062 GTAGGCACCCTG  66 GTAGCAA CSGALNACT1 NR_024040 AAGAGATTGTTT  67 (ChGn) GGTTCAC CITED1 NM_004143 CTCGGGATCTCC  68 AATAGGCTCTC CITED2 NM_006079 GTGCCCTCCGTT  69 CACAGTC CITED2 NM_006079 AGCTTTCAACAC  70 AGTAGTATC CKB NM_001823 ATAAACTCTACC  71 AAGGGTG COL9A3 NM_001853 CGTGAGGAAGCA  72 AGTGACA CSRP2 NM_001321 GAGAAGATAATT  73 GGAGCTGGAA DAPK2 NM_014326 CAATCTTAGACT  74 CTGGCCTCAA DIO1 NM_000792 GCTCTCTGTACC  75 CTGAAATCTTC DPP4 NM_001935 GTTTGAATAGTC  76 TTTCTCAG DTX4 NM_015177 GTCAAGGTAGTA  77 GATGCAC DUSP4 NM_001394 GCTACCTTGCAC  78 ATATCTAC EFEMP1 NM_001039348 GATACATCAAAG  79 TAAAGCAG ELMO1 NM_001039459 ATGATGTAAACT  80 TGGATGTC FGFR2 NM_000141 CAATAGCCGTGC  81 AAGATGAATG FLRT1 NM_013280 ATCGACTACATG  82 ATTGTTC FMOD NM_002023 GTATGAGACCTA  83 CGAGCCTTACC GALNT7 NM_017423 ACCCAGAATTAA  84 GATATACG GATM NM_001482 CTTAGATGACCA  85 AAGATGC HGD NM_000187 CTTTCTGGTAGT  86 ATTGGAGGAGG HMGA2 NM_003483 CAGAGGCTGTTA  87 TGTTTATTGTG IGFBP6 NM_002178 CATCGAGGCTTC  88 TACCGGAA KIT NM_001093772 AGAGCATAGAAC  89 TCCAGTG LRP4 NM_002334 CACTGGAGAGAT  90 TGGACTTTC MATN2 NM_030583 TATATCAAGGTA  91 AAGTCCAG MET NM_001127500 CAAGTGTGTAGT  92 CCTGTTG MYH10 NM_005964 GGTTTCTTTCTT  93 CTTCTTC PFAAP5 U50535 AATGGCACGATC  94 ATGGGTC PFAAP5 CR601845 AAGTGTAGCCCA  95 GGTTAAGAAC PGF NM_002632 GAGAAACAGCTC  96 AGCCAGTGG IPCEF1 NM_001130700 AAGGTGATTTCT  97 (PIP3-E) TGAGTTC PKNOX2 NM_022062 CTGATGTATCCA  98 CCAAACCAGTAC PRKACB NM_002731 CAGTAGTGCATA  99 GGAAATTC PROS1 NM_000313 CAGTGAAACATC 100 TGATACAC PSD3 NM_206909 ATAGTCATGGAC 101 ATTTACAG PSD3 NM_206909 AAGTTACTAAGA 102 CTGCACAG QPCT NM_012413 CTATCGTTGAAT 103 GAATGAAC RAB27A NM_183236 CTGAAGGAGTGG 104 TGCGATCAA RAB27A NM_183236 GAAGACACTTTG 105 GCAATGCAGCGG RXRG NM_006917 GATACTTCTGCT 106 TGGTGTAG SDC4 NM_002999 GACGACCCTTGT 107 CTCCCTG SERPINA1 NM_000295 GCATCACTAAGG 108 TCTTCAGCA SLC25A15 NM_014252 GTGGTCAGTAGC 109 CTTATGCACCT SLC4A4 NM_003759 ATCATTTCTCTC 110 TCCAAAG SLIT1 NM_003061 GGAAGACAACAG 111 ACAATATC SPTAN1 NM_003127 GATTATGGCGAC 112 ACTCTTGCC TFCP2L1 NM_014553 TACAGTGATGAC 113 AGACAGC TIAM1 NM_003253 CTTGGAGAGGGT 114 GCCATTGTC TIMP1 NM_003254 GATAAACAGGGA 115 AACACTG TNS3 NM_022748 CTTGTAACGTCT 116 TCTCTGCCT TSPAN12 NM_012338 TATTGACTTGGA 117 GACTATTG UPP1 NM_181597 GAAGAAACTGAG 118 CAAGGCC

Sequences of the coding regions of ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDH16, ChGn, CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DTX4. DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GALNT7, GATM, HGD, HMGA2. IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYHI0, NAUK2, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1, PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC25A15, SLC4A4, SLIT1, SPTAN1. TFCP2L1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TNS3, TSPAN12, and/or UPP1 can be used to develop probes and primers for detecting differential expression of these genes. Such sequences are available in the database maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). See website at ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. A few examples of such sequences are provided below.

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human ANK2 is available as NCBI accession number NM_001148 (gi: 188595661). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:119.

    1 ctcctcctcc tgctttcctc cagtaagtgc atacccgcta gtggtctgta caggcggcac    61 ggtttgatgg cagagatatt ttctttccaa actgttcaaa atgatgaacg aagatgcagc   121 tcagaaaagc gacagtggag agaagttcaa cggcagtagt cagaggagaa aaagacccaa   181 gaagtctgac agcaatgcaa gcttcctccg tgctgccaga gcaggcaacc tggacaaagt   241 tgtggaatat ctgaaggggg gcatagacat caatacctgc aatcagaatg gactcaacgc   301 tctccatctg gctgccaagg aaggccacgt ggggctggtg caggagctgc tgggaagagg   361 gtcctctgtg gattctgcca ctaagaaggg aaataccgct cttcacattg catctttggc   421 tggacaagca gaagttgtca aagttcttgt taaggaagga gccaatatta atgcacagtc   481 tcagaatggc tttactcctt tatacatggc tgcccaagag aatcacattg atgttgtaaa   541 atatttgctg gaaaatggag ctaatcagag cactgctaca gaggatggct ttactcctct   601 agctgtggca ctccagcaag gacacaacca ggcggtggcc atcctcttgg agaatgacac   661 caaagggaaa gtgaggctgc cagctctgca tattgccgct aggaaagacg acaccaaatc   721 tgccgcactt ctgcttcaga atgaccacaa tgctgacgta caatccaaga tgatggtgaa   781 taggacaact gagagtggtt ttaccccttt gcacatagct gcacattacg gaaatgtcaa   841 cgtggcaact cttcttctaa accggggagc tgctgtggac ttcacagcca ggaatggaat   901 cactcctctg catgtggctt ccaaaagagg aaatacaaac atggtgaagc tcttactgga   961 tcgaggcggt cagatcgatg ccaaaactag qgatgggttg acaccacttc actgtgctgc  1021 acgaagtggg catgaccaag tggtggaact tctgttggaa cggggtgccc ccttgctggc  1081 aaggactaag aatgggctgt ctccactaca catggctgcc cagggagacc acgtggaatg  1141 tgtgaagcac ctgttacagc acaaggcacc tgttgatgat gtcaccctag actacctgac  1201 agccctccac gttgctgcgc actgtggcca ctaccgtgta accaaactcc ttttagacaa  1261 gagagaaaat ccgaacgcca gagccctgaa tggttttact acactgcaca ttgcatgaaa  1321 gaaaaaccgc atcsaagtca tggaactgct ggtgaaatat ggggcttcaa tccaagctat  1381 aacagagtct ggcctcacac caatacatgt ggctgccttc atgggccact tgaacattgt  1441 cctccttctg ctgcagaacg gagcctctcc agatgtcact aacattcgtg gtgagacggc  1501 actacacatg gcagcccgag ccgggcaggt ggaagtggtc cgatgcctcc tgagaaatgg  1561 tgcccttgtt gatgccagag ccagggagga acagacacct ttacatattg cctcccgcct  1621 gggtaagaca gaaattgtcc agctgcttct acaacatatg gctcatccag atgcggccac  1681 tacaaatggg tacacaccac tgcacatctc tgcccgggag ggccaggtgg atgtggcatc  1741 agtcctattg gaagcaggag cagcccactc cttagctacc aagaagggtt ttactcccct  1801 gcatgtagca gccaagtatg gaagcctgga tgtggcaaaa cttctcttgc aacgccgtgc  1861 tgccgcagat tctgcaggga agaacggcct taccccgctc catgttgctg ctcattatga  1921 caaccagaag gtggcgctgc tgttactgga gaagggtgct tcccctcatg ccactgccaa  1981 gaatggctat actccgttac atattgctgc caagaagaat caaatgcaga tagcttccac  2041 actcctgaac tatggagcag agacaaacat tgtgacaaag caaggagtaa ctccactcca  2101 tctggcctcg caggaggggc acacagatat ggttaccttg cttctggaca agggagccaa  2161 tatccacatg tcaactaaga gtggactcac atccttacac cttgcagccc aggaagataa  2221 agtgaatgtt gctgatattc tcaccaagca tggagctgat caggatgctc atacaaagct  2281 tggttacaca cctttaattg tggcctgtca ctatggaaat gtgaaaatgg tcaactttct  2341 tctgaagcag ggagcaaatg ttaacgcaaa aaccaagaac ggctacacgc ctttgcacca  2401 ggccgctcag cagggtcaca cgcacatcat caacgtcctg ctccagcatg gggccaagcc  2461 caacgccacc actgcgaatg gcaacactgc cttggcgatt gctaagcgtc tgggctacat  2521 ctccgtggtc gacaccctga aggttgtgac tgaggaggtc accaccacca ccacaactat  2581 tacagaaaaa cacaaactaa atgtacctga gacgatgact gaggttcttg atgtttctga  2641 tgaagagggt gatgacacaa tgactggtga tgggggagaa taccttaggc ctgaggacct  2701 aaaagaactg ggtgatgact cactacccag cagtcagttc ctggatggta tgaattacct  2761 gcgatacagc ttggagggag gacgatctga cagccttcga tccttcagtt ccgacaggtc  2821 tcacactctg agccatgcct cctacctgag ggacagtgcc gtgatggatg actcagttgt  2881 gattcccagt caccaggtgt caactctagc caaggaggca gaaaggaatt cttatcgcct  2941 aagctggggc actgagaact tagacaacgt ggctctttct tctagtccta ttcattcagg  3001 tttcctggtt agttttatgg tggatgcccg aggtggtgct atgcgaggat gcagacacaa  3061 tgggctccga atcattattc cacctcggaa atgtactgct ccaacgcgag tcacctgccg  3121 actggtcaag cgccacagac tggcaacaat gcctccaatg gtggaaggag aaggcctggc  3181 cagtcgcctg atcgaagttg gaccttctgg tgctcagttc cttggtaaac ttcacctgcc  3241 aacggctcct cccccactta atgagggaga aagtttggtc agccgcattc ttcagctggg  3301 gcctcctgga accaaattcc ttgggcctgt gatcgtggag atccctcact ttgcggccct  3361 tcgaggaaag gaaagggaac tggtggtcct gcgcagtgag aatggggaca gctggaaaga  3421 gcatttctgt gactacactg aagatgaatt gaatgaaatt cttaacggca tggatgaagt  3481 actggatagc ccagaagacc tagaaaagaa acgaatctgc cgcatcatca cccgagactt  3541 cccacagtac tttgcagtgg tgtctcgtat caaacaggac agcaatctga ttggcccaga  3601 aggaggtgta ctgagcagca cagtggtgcc ccaggtgcag gccgtcttcc cagagggggc  3661 actcaccaag cggatccgcg taggcctgca ggctcaacct atgcacagtg agctggttaa  3721 gaagatccta ggcaacaaag ctaccttcag ccctatagtc actttggaac ctagaagaag  3781 aaaattccac aaaccaatta ccatgaccat tcctgtcccc aaagcttcaa gtgatgtcat  3841 gttgaatggt tttgggggag atgcaccaac cttaagatta ctatgcagca taacaggtgg  3901 aaccacccct gcccagcggg aagatattac aggaactacg ccattaacat ttgtcaatga  3961 atgtgtttcc tttacaacaa acgtgtctgc caggttccgg ctgatagatt gtcgacagac  4021 ccaggaatcc gttacccttg catcacaagt atacagagaa attacctgcg taccttatat  4081 ggccaaattt gtagtgtttg ccaaatcaca tgaccccatt gaagccaggt tgaggtgttt  4141 ctgcatgact gatgataaag tggataagac ccttgaacaa caagaaaatt ttgctgaggt  4201 ggccagaagc agggatgtgg aggtgttaga aggaaaaccc atctacgttg attgtttcgg  4261 caacttggta ccattaacta aaagtggcca gcatcatata ttcagttttt ttgccttcaa  4321 agaaaataga cttcctctat ttgtcaaggt acgcgatacg actcaggaac cttgcggacg  4381 actatcattt atgaaggagc caaaatccac gagaggcctg gtgcatcaag ctatttgcaa  4441 cttaaacatc actttgccga tttatacaaa ggaatcagag tcagatcaag aacaggagga  4501 agagatcgat atgacatcag aaaaaaatga tgagacagaa tctacagaaa catctgtcct  4561 gaaaagtcac ctggttaatg aagttcctgt cctagcaagt ccggacttgc tctctgaagt  4621 ttctgagatg aaacaagatt tgatcaaaat gaccgccatc ttgaccacag atgtgtctga  4681 taaggcaggt tctattaaag tgaaggagct ggtgaaggct gctgaggaag agccaggaga  4741 gccttttgaa atcgttgaaa gagttaaaga ggacttagag aaagtgaatg aaatcctgag  4801 aagtggaacc tgcacaagag atgaaagcag tgtgcagagc tctcggtctg agagaggatt  4861 agttgaagag gaatgggtta ttgtcagtga tgaggaaata gaagaggcta ggcaaaaagc  4921 acctttagaa atcactgaat atccatgtgt agaagttaga atagataaag agatcaaagg  4981 aaaagtagag aaagactcaa ctgggctagt gaactacctt actgatgatc tgaatacctg  5041 tgtgcctctt cccaaagagc agctgcagac agttcaagat aaggcaggga agaaatgtga  5101 ggctctggct gttggcagga gctctgaaaa ggaagggaaa gacatacccc cagatgagac  5161 acagagtaca cagaaacagc acaaaccaag cttgggaata aagaagccag taagaaggaa  5221 attaaaagaa aagcagaaac aaaaagagga aggtttacaa gctagtgcag agaaagctga  5281 acttaaaaaa ggtagttcag aagagtcatt aggtgaagac ccaggtttag cccctgaacc  5341 ccttcccact gtcaaggcca catctccttt gatagaagaa actcccattg gttccataaa  5401 ggacaaagta aaggcccttc agaagcgagt ggaagatgaa cagaaaggtc gaagcaagtt  5461 gcccatcaga gtcaaaggca aggaggacgt gccaaaaaag accacccaca ggccacatcc  5521 agctgcgtca ccctctctga agtcagagag acatgcgcca gggtctccct cccctaaaac  5581 agaaagacac tctactcttt cctcttccgc aaaaactgaa aggcaccctc cagtatcacc  5641 atcaagtaaa actgagaaac actcacctgt gtcaccctct gcaaaaacgg aaagacattc  5701 acctgcgtca tcatcgagta aaactgagaa acactcacct gtatcaccct cgacaaaaac  5761 tgaaaggcac tctcctgtgt catctacaaa aacagaaaga cacccacctg tttcgccttc  5821 aggcaaaaca gacaaacgtc cacctgtatc gccctccggg aggacagaaa aacacccgcc  5881 agtatcgcct gggagaacag aaaaacgctt gcctgtttca ccctccggaa gaacggacaa  5941 gcaccaacct gtatcaacag ctgggaaaac tgagaagcac ctgcctgtgt caccttctgg  6001 caaaacagaa aagcaaccac ctgtatcccc cacttcaaaa acagagagga ttgaggaaac  6061 catgtctgtt cgggagctga tgaaggcttt ccagtcaggt caggaccctt ctaaacataa  6121 aactggactc tttgagcaca aatcagcaaa acaaaagcag ccacaagaga aaggtaaagt  6181 tcgggtagaa aaagaaaagg ggccgatact aacccagaga gaagctcaga aaacagagaa  6241 tcagacaatc aaacgaggcc agagactccc ggtaacgggc acagcagaat ccaaaagagg  6301 agttcgtgtt tcctccatag gagttaagaa agaagatgca gctggaggaa aggagaaagt  6361 tctcagccac aaaatacctg aacctgttca gtcagtgcct gaagaagaaa gccacagaga  6421 gagcgaagtg cccaaagaaa agatggctga tgagcaggga gacatggatc tacagatcag  6481 cccagatagg aaaacctcca ctgacttctc tgaggtcatt aagcaagagt tggaagacaa  6541 tgacaaatac caacaattcc gcctgagtga ggagacagaa aaggcacagc ttcacttaga  6601 ccaagtactc actagtcctt tcaacacaac atttccactc gactacatga aagatgagtt  6661 ccttccagct ctgtctttac aaagcggtgc tttagatggc agttctgaaa gcctaaagaa  6721 tgagggggta gccggctctc cgtgtggcag cctgatggag gggacccctc agattagttc  6781 agaagaaagc tataagcatg aaggcctagc agagacccct gagacgagcc cagaaagcct  6841 ttctttctca ccaaagaaaa gtgaggagca aactggggaa acaaaggaaa gcaccaagac  6901 agaaaccacc acagaaattc gttcagaaaa agagcatccc acgaccaaag acattactgg  6961 tggctctgaa gagcgaggtg ccacagtcac tgaggactca gagacctcta ctgagagttt  7021 tcagaaagag gccactctag gctctcccaa agacacaagc cctaaaagac aagatgattg  7081 cacaggcagc tgtagcgtag cattagctaa agagacacct acaggactga ctgaggaggc  7141 agcctgtgat gaaggtcaac gtacctttgg tagttcagcc cacaagacac aaactgatag  7201 tgaggttcaa gaatccacag ccacctcaga cgagacaaag gccttgccgc tgcctgaggc  7261 ttctgtaaag acagatacag gaactgaatc aaaacctcag ggagtcatta gaagtcccca  7321 agggttagaa cttgcactcc ctagccgaga tagcgaagtc ctcagcgctg tggctgatga  7381 ctcattagca gtgagccaca aagactctct ggaagccagc cctgtgctag aagataactc  7441 ttcacacaaa acccctgatt ctctggagcc aagtcctctg aaagaatccc cttgccgtga  7501 ctctctggaa agcagccctg ttgaaccaaa gatgaaggct ggaatttttc caagtcactt  7561 tcctcttcct gcagctgttg ccaaaacaga actcttgacg gaagtggcct ctgtgcggtc  7621 ccggctactc cgagaccctg atggcagtgc tgaggatgac agtcttgagc agacatcgct  7681 catggagagc tcagggaaga gccccctttc tcctgacacc cccagctctg aagaagtcag  7741 ctatgaggtt acacccaaaa ccacagatgt aagtacacca aaaccagctg tgattcatga  7801 atgtgcagag gaggatgatt cagaaaacgg ggagaaaaag aggttcacac ctqaagagga  7861 gatgtttaaa atggtaacca aaatcaaaat gtttgatgaa cttgaacaag aagcaaagca  7921 gaaaagggac tacaaaaaag aacccaaaca agaagaatct tcttcatctt ctgacccaga  7981 tgctgactgt tcagtagatg tggatgaacc aaaacataca ggcagtgggg aggatgaaag  8041 tggtgtccct gtgttagtaa cttcggagag caggaaggtg tcttcctcct cagaaagtga  8101 acctgagttg gcacagctta aaaaaggtgc tgactcaggc cttttaccag aaccagtgat  8161 tcgagtacaa cctccttctc cacttccatc aagcatggac tccaattcca gtccagaaga  8221 agtacaattc cagcctgtcg tttccaaaca atatactttc aagatgaacg aagatactca  8281 ggaagagcca ggcaaatcag aagaagaaaa agattctgaa tcccatttag ctgaagaccg  8341 tcatgctgtt tccactgagg ctgaagacag gtcttatgat aagctaaaca gagacactga  8401 tcagccaaaa atctgtgatg gccatggatg tgaggccatg agtcctagca gctcagctgc  8461 tcctgtctct tcaggtctac agagtccgac tggtgatgat gttgatgaac agccagtcat  8521 ctataaagaa tcattagctc tccaaggcac tcatgaaaaa gacacagagg gagaagagct  8581 cgatgtttct agagcagaat ctccacaagc agattgcccc agtgaaagct tttcatcttc  8641 atcctcttcg cctcattgtt tggtatctga aggaaaagaa ttagatgaag acatatctgc  8701 cacatcttct attcaaaaaa cagaggtcac aaaaactgat gaaacatttg agaacttacc  8761 aaaggactgc ccctctcaag actcatccat tactactcaa acagatagat tttccatgga  8821 tgttcccgtg tctgacctag ctgagaatga tgaaatctat gatccacaaa tcactagccc  8881 ttatgaaaat gtcccttccc aatctttttt ctctagtgaa gaaagcaaaa cccaaacaga  8941 tgcaaatcac accacaagtc ttcactcttc tgaagtgtat tctgttacca tcacaccccc  9001 tgttgaagac gttgtagtgg caagctcctc tagtggaact gttttaagca aagaatctaa  9061 ttttgagggc caggacataa aaatqgaatc ccaacaggaa agtaccttgt gggaaatgca  9121 atcagacagt gtctcttcat ctttcgagcc tactatgtcc gctacaacaa cagttgttgg  9181 tgaacaaata agcaaagtca tcatcacaaa aactgatgtg gattctgatt cttggagtga  9241 aattcgggaa gacgacgaag cctctgaggc tcgtgtgaaa gaggaagaac aaaagatatt  9301 tggtttgatg gtagacagac aatcacaggg taccacccct gacaccactc ctgctaggac  9361 cccaactgaa gaggggaccc caacaagtga gcaaaaccca tttctgtttc aggaaggaaa  9421 attgtttgaa atgacccgaa gtggtgccat tgatatgacc aaaaggtcct atgcagatga  9481 aagttttcac tttttccaaa ttggtcaaga atccagggaa gagactctct ctgaagatgt  9541 gaaagaaggg gctactgggg ctgatcccct accgctggag acatcagctg aatcactagc  9601 actttcagaa tcaaaagaaa cagtggatga tgaggcagac ttacttccag atgacgtgag  9661 tgaggaagta gaggaaatac ctgcttcgga tgctcaactt aactcccaaa tggggatttc  9721 agcctccact gaaacaccta caaaagaagc tgttagtgta gggaccaagg acctccccac  9781 cgtgcaaacg ggtgatatac ctcctctctc tggtgtaaag cagacatcct gccccgactc  9841 ttctgaacca gctgtacaag tccagttaga cttttccaca ctcaccaggt ctgtttattc  9901 agataggggt gatgattctc ccgattcttc cccagaagaa cagaaatcag taatcgagat  9961 tcctactgca cccatggaga atgtgccttt tactgaaagc aaatccaaaa ttcctgtaag 10021 gactatgccc acttccaccc cagcacctcc atctgcagag tatgagagtt cagtttctga 10081 agattttcta tccagtgtag atgaggaaaa taaggcggat gaagcaaaac caaagtccaa 10141 actccctgtc aaagtacccc tccaaagagt tgaacagcag ctctcagacc tagacacctc 10201 tgtccagaag acagtggctc ctcagggaca ggacatggca agcatcgcac cagataatag 10261 aagcaaatct gaatctgatg ctagttcttt ggattcaaag accaaatgcc cagtaaaaac 10321 ccgaagttac actgagacag aaacagagag cagagagagg gccgaggaac ttgagttaga 10381 atcagaagaa ggggccacaa gaccaaagat acttacatcc cgactgccag ttaagagcag 10441 aagcactaca tcttcctgca gggggggcac gagccccaca aaagaaagta aggagcatcc 10501 ctttgacctt tacagaaatt ccatagaatt ctttgaggag attagtgatg aggcttccaa 10561 attagtggat aggctgacac agtcagagag ggagcaggaa atagtttcag acgatgaaag 10621 tagtagtgcc ctggaagtat cagtaattga aaatctgcca cctgttgaga ccgagcactc 10681 agttcctgag gacatctttg acacaaggcc catttgggat gagtctattg agactctgat 10741 tgaacgcatc cctgatgaaa atggccatga ccatgctgaa gatccacagg atgagcagga 10801 acggatcgag gaaaggctgg cttatattgc tgatcacctt ggcttcagct ggacagaatt 10861 agcaagagaa ctggatttca ctgaggagca aattcatcaa attcgaattg aaaatcccaa 10921 ctctcttcaa gaccagagtc atgcactgtt gaagtactgg ctagagaggg atgggaaaca 10981 tgctacagat accaacctcg ttgaatgtct caccaagatc aaccgaatgg atattgttca 11041 tctcatggag accaacacag aacctctcca ggagcgcatc agtcatagct atgcagaaat 11101 tgaacagacc attacactgg atcatagtga agggttctcg gtacttcaag aggagttatg 11161 cactgcacag cacaagcaga aagaggagca agctgtttct aaagaaagtg agacctgcga 11221 tcaccctcct atcgtctcag aggaagacat ttctgttggt tattccactt ttcaggatgg 11281 cgtccccaaa actgaggggg acagctcagc aacagcactc tttccccaaa ctcacaagga 11341 gcaagttcaa caggatttct cagggaaaat gcaagacctg cctgaagagt catctctgga 11401 atatcagcag gaatattttg tgacaactcc aggaacagaa acatcagaga ctcagaaggc 11461 tatgatagta cccagctctc ccagcaagac acctgaggaa gttagcaccc ctgcagagga 11521 ggagaagctg taactccaga ccccaacatc cagcgagcgg ggaggctatc ccataataca 11581 agaacccgaa gagccctcag agcacagaga ggagagctct ccgcggaaaa ccagcctcgt 11641 aatagtggag tctgccgata accagcctga gacctgtgaa agactcgatg aagatgcagc 11701 ttttgaaaag ggagacgata tgcctgaaat acccccagaa acagtcacag aagaagaata 11761 cattgatgag catggacaca ccgtggtaaa gaaggttact aggaaaatca ttaggcggta 11821 tgtatcctct gaaggcacag agaaagaaga gattatggtg cagggaatgc cacaggaacc 11881 tgtcaacatc gaggaagggg atggctattc caaagttata aagcgtgttg tattgaagag 11941 tgacaccgag cagtcagagg acaacaatga gtaaagccat cacacagaag agggctgtgg 12001 tgaaggacca gcatggaaaa cgcattgact tggagcacct ggaggatgta ccagaagcac 12061 tagaccagga cgacctccag cgcgatctcc agcagctcct tcggcatttc tgcaaggagg 12121 acttgaagca agaggccaag tgaggggctg cccagttctc acaccagaaa ccacacattc 12181 actcaatatg cagcttcctg tttcagtagg ggagtgacct aactggccta attaatggga 12241 taccccgaca tttccactgt tagcaaatat acggcatttt gctttagttt tcccccatcc 12301 tctttaacta taaagctaat ttgtgaccaa agatggcatc cttcatactg gatgctgtat 12361 ccaatacttt gttgtgtctg tgctaacctg ggaactggcc acctccattg ttctttgctt 12421 ctgcacaaga tccatgaaaa tccattgatc agaagaactt cacctgcaga cctcttcaag 12481 tgacactatg taggaatcct tccaaggaat atctatgtac aatgtatata gctgaaatgc 12541 tcagatgaac aacatattaa aattaaaacc actgcctatt gtaactacac tgggcatcag 12601 aataaaaggc ctctagaaat tgctgaacaa tggttaatta agatattgct aacacaatcg 12661 agtgataata cagttttact gcaaaagaag cacttcaaac ctattatgtc cttagaactt 12721 ccagagtagc cactgctccc agttaaaggt gggtcagtag ccttgcagaa ctgtcctgag 12781 aagttattgc tggtgctggc cagccatggc ttaggactcc aacagccact ctgagggagg 12841 ggagaaggga gcagaggcca cgcagaatga accgatgggg tattcagttg ctggcagcta 12901 cattgtgtgg cattctagca tcttcaggtc tttagatctt ggacaagttg gcagggtatt 12961 ttaaaagcta taactactgt agttttccag ttttcattgc tgctttagca aaccacgctg 13021 tcttacagtg gtactttctt ctggccactg cactgtagat aattcattgg aaacaagatt 13081 tacccactac ataaaaggtt aaactccttc agtatgttgg agtggtttct tttttttttt 13141 ctttctttct tttttttctt caggtttata tcttctctaa tacctgcatg tggcgtttaa 13201 aaatcaagac cacggtcaaa cccctcttct aatcacatta attgtttcca ttctttttac 13261 cctgagtgag cactcctcac tttccagcta ggtctgtttt tcagcttgca gacaagattg 13321 agaaatcctt gaaaatttgg ttttggttaa aatttttggt ttatttattt gaaatccaca 13381 ctcccttgga aactcttaag tgcatttgtg cacttctgtt tgtttgtctc aaagaaggga 13441 ctgtaacaat ctgagtaatt tccatgtcct cttccttatt cctctagtgg ttgaagctgt 13501 gtagcatttt aacatatata tattcacaaa tatattcata taaacagtat acattttgaa 13561 tcagtcattt gttaaagaaa agtatattca atgaagatga aatttaaata aaaaaggaca 13621 gagtctataa tccagggatt gaacattttc caattatctg gtcttttcct gttgtgcaaa 13681 aatgactcat tgctccgaat gtcaaaaaca aatgcgacaa acaatggcac ttcatcattt 13741 aaagtaatgt tgccaagaga aaaaatttcc tgggagggag gtttcccaca agccaaatct 13801 cctaagcctc aaatgctagc actttttggc agttggatag gaaatgagac attctttggc 13861 agccaaaata agagaggccg acggtgaaac tttttgagac accctatagc cttcttgtca 13921 aaaccttcac tggagctcaa gaaaagcatt tctgttgtgt tatttgcagt gcagatgatg 13981 tctgtgtaac aacataatgg ttattcacct ttttttgatt ttgatttttg ctgtgttatc 14041 aaaaacttga atactgtgag aagaagtgaa ttttcagttg acgaatcagc atcttgttcc 14101 catggtgata acactaattg aatatatcta tgagggcatg tattagttaa tggaaaaaaa 14161 aatacaacac taacaataca tagctgcaat gtgtacaatg gctgatttaa ttaaataaaa 14221 tgtacaagtg ttaaatgtgg caa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human ARHGAP6 is available as NCBI accession number NM_013427 (gi: 95091874). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 120.

    1 ggctgggctg cgaatagcgt gttcctctcc ggcggaacac acacacccgg ccttggggct    61 gtctcctgag ctccctcctc cacggagagc gctgagcgcc gccgggaatt ccatcccacc   121 gtgggcacgc agtctttgga ggtcccgggc gcagcacgct cggtgtcccc acactgcagc   181 aagacagaga ccccgcggga accttgagct tggaacaacc cttgagcctc tgcagtcgga   241 agagtgggcg cagcagccca gcggaggcca ggcgcgcaac ctcgggcgcc ggggcaagga   301 gagagtgcag ggaggcgcag ctcaggcgcc cggctcagga gcgggaggaa gttctcgcgg   361 cgccgggagc gcggtggacg cgccctgggc gcacgcccag gcagccttct ccctggccct   421 cgggactgtc ctcgggccgc aaggaggagc ttgctggagt cttagaggcc atccagagcc   481 agcgagcagg agcgctgcgt ctcccgcctc agctaggaag ggggagtggc gctggcaggc   541 tggagctggg aacccagcga gcgcctgacc ttcctcctcc tcttcctgac cctcttcgcg   601 tcttgggctc cggaggaagg ttctagcggc tgcaggaggt ccccagaccc attttcctag   661 aaggctggtg atggatctgc tgctcctgcc gccgccgggg cacttggagc gcaccggcgg   721 cgcgtgagct gggctttgct ctccactgcc ctgggcaaac cccgggccag ccccgcctgg   781 cacctttgcc tgagtccctt tcggttcccg acccaaagcc accagcgtcc agggagggag   841 gaggaggtgg tcctcaggtg cagccccgcc gagatgtccg cgcagagcct gctccacagc   901 gtcttctcct gttcctcgcc cgcttcaagt agcgcggcct cggccaaggg cttctccaag   961 aggaagctgc gccagacccg cagcctggac ccggccctga tcggcggctg cgggagcgac  1021 gaggcgggcg cggagggcag tgcgcgggga gccacggcgg gccgcctcta ctccccatca  1081 ctcccagccg agagtctcgg ccctcgcttg gcgtcctctt cccggggtcc gccccccagg  1141 gccaccaggc taccgcctcc tggacctctt tgctcgtcct tctacacacc cagcaccccg  1201 caggagaagt caccatccgg cagctttcac tttgactatg aggttcccct gggtcgcggc  1261 ggcctcaaga agagcatggc ctgggacctg ccttctgtcc tggccgggcc agccagtagc  1321 cgaagcgctt ccagcatcct ctgttcatcc gggggaggcc ccaatggcat cttcgcttct  1381 cctaggaggt ggctccagca gaggaagttc cagtccccac ccgacagtcg cgggcacccc  1441 tacgtcgtgt ggaaatccga gggtgatttc acctggaaca gcatgtcagg ccgcagtgta  1501 cggctgaggt cagtccccat ccagagtctc tcagagctgg agagggcccg gctgcaggaa  1561 gtggcttttt atcagttgca acaggactgt gacctgagct gtcagatcac cattcccaaa  1621 gatggacaaa agagaaagaa atctttaaga aagaaactgg attcactagg aaaggagaaa  1681 aacaaagaca aagaattcat cccacaggca tttggaatgc ccttatccca agtcattgcg  1741 aatgacaggg cctataaact caagcaggac ttgcagaggg acgagcagaa agatgcatct  1801 gactttgtgg cttccctcct cccatttgga aataaaagac aaaacaaaga actctcaagc  1861 agtaactcat ctctcagctc aacctcagaa acaccgaatg agtcaacgtc cccaaacacc  1921 ccggaaccgg ctcctcgggc taggaggagg ggtgccatgt cagtggattc tatcaccgat  1981 cttgatgaca atcagcctcg actactagaa gctttacaac tttccttgcc tgctgaggct  2041 caaagtaaaa aggaaaaagc cagagataag aaactcagtc tgaatcctat ttacagacag  2101 gtccctaggc tggtggacag ctgctgtcag cacctagaaa aacatggcct ccagacagtg  2161 gggatattcc gagttggaag ctcaaaaaag agagtgagac aattacgtga ggaatttgac  2221 cgtgggattg atgtctctct ggaggaggag cacagtgttc atgatgtggc agccttgctg  2281 aaagagttcc tgagggacat gccagacccc cttctcacca gggagctgta cacagctttc  2341 atcaacactc tcttgttgga gccggaggaa cagctgggca ccttgcagct cctcatatac  2401 cttctacctc cctgcaactg cgacaccctc caccgcctgc tacagttcct ctccatcgtg  2461 gccaggcatg ccgatgacaa catcagcaaa gatgggcaag aggtcactgg gaataaaatg  2521 acatctctaa acttagccac catatttgga cccaacctgc tgcacaagca gaagtcatca  2581 gacaaagaat tctcagttca gagttcagcc cgggctgagg agagcacggc catcatcgct  2641 gttgtgcaaa agatgattga aaattatgaa gccctgttca tggttccccc agatctccag  2701 aacgaagtgc tgatcagcct gttagagacc gatcctgatg tcgtggacta tttactcaga  2761 agaaaggctt cccaatcatc aagccctgac atgctgcagt cggaagtttc cttttccgtg  2821 ggagggaggc attcatctac agactccaac aaggcctcca gcggagacat ctccccttat  2881 gacaacaact ccccagtgct gtctgagcgc tccctgctgg ctatgcaaga ggacgcggcc  2941 ccggggggct cggagaagct ttacagagtg ccagggcagt ttatgctggt gggccacttg  3001 tcgtcgtcaa agtcaaggga aagttctcct ggaccaaggc ttgggaaaga tctgtcagag  3061 gagcctttcg atatctgggg aacttggcat tcaacattaa aaagcggatc caaagaccca  3121 ggaatgacag gttcctctgg agacattttt gaaagcagct ccctaagagc ggggccctgc  3181 tccctttctc aagggaacct gtccccaaat tggcctcggt ggcaggggag ccccgcagag  3241 ctggacagcg acacgcaggg ggctcggagg actcaggccg cagcccccgc gacggagggc  3301 agggcccacc ctgcggtgtc gcgcgcctgc agcacgcccc acgtccaggt ggcagggaaa  3361 gccgagcggc ccacggccag gtcggagcag tacttgaccc tgagcggcgc ccacgacctc  3421 agcgagagtg agctggatgt ggccgggctg cagagccggg ccacacctca gtgccaaaga  3481 ccccatggga gtgggaggga tgacaagcgg cccccgcctc catacccggg cccagggaag  3541 cccgcggaag cggcagcctg gatccagggg cccccggaag gcgtggagac acccacggac  3601 cagggaggcc aagcagccga gcgagagcag caggtcacgc agaaaaaact gagcagcgcc  3661 aactccctgc cagcgggcga gcaggacagt ccgcgcctgg gggacgctgg ctggctcgac  3721 tggcagagag agcgctggca gatctgggag ctcctgtcga ccgacaaccc cgatgccctg  3781 cccgagacgc tggtctgagc ccgcacccag ccgagccccc cctgccccga gccccccgcc  3841 ctccagccca ggggggaccg tgggtggtgg ccactggcac acttagtgtt cttctttcac  3901 acttctcaaa agtgacacaa gagaaatcca gttcacctac agaggtagag cactcacgcc  3961 cccgccattg agaataaggt tccattgcgt agccagcctt aggaaaaaca aacagaaccc  4021 aaaccagatg gcaatgtcca atctaaaaac gtccctcttg gctctataat ataagataca  4081 actcttgctt ggtatagcct aaccgtattt atgtgtcttc ggttttgact attgtgtatt  4141 ctgtaacaga ttatgtataa tcatatatga tatattcaca aagagaaaac aaaaggaact  4201 tttaaaaaaa aaatcacttc acttatatta agcaatgaga tatactaaac aatgagattc  4261 tatagaatgt tctagaatgt gcacaagcgg gtttctgtgc ttttgccata gctttataac  4321 tggggataac ccttccttcg ataccaaaca ctaacaagag gaagcagaat atgagaagcc  4381 atatttttac ataggagtca gatacaaaaa gaaaaatcac tgaatgcttt tagatattga  4441 atacgttttc aggaaaatgc taaatctgat agattacgaa atatattttt agaacttgtt  4501 tagaaaggat tcagttaacc aaacaagaaa aaggcagtgc ctcacaaaga aattaagaag  4561 ttgtccgtcc cacgttacat caaattcagt tttatatagg ccatatataa tatatattta  4621 taatgtataa tttttatgta tttttcaaaa ctacaaactg gaatccaact ataaagtgtt  4681 taagaatcta cacagaatat tcaaattata gaacatgttt tttccctttg ccccataatc  4741 agtatttgcc aaattacatg caattcctta aaaactaaat cacatttggt aaaaggccta  4801 cagctttgta cttacactgt gccaaaggct gaggaaatgt tttctttcgt aattttatgt  4861 gtattgtaaa atgttctacc gtactttagt agtttgaagt ttttcaagtg cataactatt  4921 tttgaccagc agatggcgat acgcttcagt attttatgca attttttttc acttctgaag  4981 ggaaagtgta ttataaaaaa agattttttt tttttttata aaacatgcta ctcttaattt  5041 tcatgttggt gatgaaattc ccagtggtgt ttcttaaggt tctatcttgt gccatgatga  5101 ataaaaagtt aagcaaag

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human C11orf17 is available as NCBI accession number NM_182901 (gi: 116174739). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:121.

1 agatgaaaat ggaaggggcg ggcgcgctag gcctagtcct ggctgggctc ccgctggagt 61 gtgcgttggg ggcggaccag gagcggtggt ctccagggag gtcgaggctg gggctcccac 121 ccggatttgg agcagggtcg ccgcggccca gctgacccgc cggcgtttgt acgttgtgtg 181 cccactcagg gagccatgga caactgtttg gcggccgcag cgctgaatgg ggtggaccga 241 cgttccctgc agcgttcagc aaggctggct ctagaagtgc tggagagggc caagaggagg 301 gcggtggact ggcatgccct ggagcgtccc aaaggctgca tgggggtcct tgcccgggag 361 gcgccccacc tagagaaaca gccggcagcc ggcccgcagc gcgttctccc gggagagaga 421 gaagagagac ccccaaccct tagtgcttcc ttcagaacaa tggctgaatt catggactat 481 acttcaagtc agtgtgggaa atattattca tctgtgccag aggaaggagg ggcaacccat 541 gtctatcgtt atcacagagg cgagtcgaag ctgcacatgt gcttggacat agggaatggt 601 cagagaaaag acagaaaaaa gacatccctt ggtcctggag gcagctatca aatatcagag 661 catgctccag aggcatccca gcctgctgag aacatctcta aggacctcta catagaagta 721 tatccaggga cctattctgt cactgtgggc tcaaatgact taaccaagaa gactcatgtg 781 gtagcagttg attctggaca aagcgtggac ctggtcttcc ctgtgtgatg ttgaccatca 841 ctgccatcac atcacctttt tttaagtagt aagaataaag ccactgtatg attctcttaa 901 tagctataca ttaatcctgt ttttagtgct gactgggtca gccttccggg aactggagtc 961 tgtctctttc agtgcttttt tgtttgtttg gttggttttt ttttgagaca gtctcactct 1021 gttgcccagg ctggagtgca gtggcgtgat ctcggctcac tgcaagttcc gcctcccggg 1081 ttcacaccat tctcctgcct cagcctcccg agtagctggc actacaggca cccgccacca 1141 tgcccggcta ttttttttgt atttttagta gagacggggt ttcaccatgt tggccaggat 1201 ggtctcgatc tcttgacctc gtgatccacc caccttggcc tcccaaagtg ttgggattac 1261 aggcgtgagc caccgcgccc ggcctcagtg ccttttttaa cttgagggtg tagaggtcct 1321 ccacgcttgt ttgcctgaaa gtaatataat gatgctgtct gaacaggttt tactgcttgc 1381 tttccaagta aaggttaatt atgataataa agagatttgg aaatgaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human CAPN3 is available as NCBI accession number NM_000070 (gi: 27765081). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 122.

1 cactctcttt ctctctccct ctggcatgca tgctgctggt aggagacccc caagtcaaca 61 ttgcttcaga aatcctttag cactcatttc tcaggagaac ttatggcttc agaatcacag 121 ctcggttttt aagatggaca taacctgtac gaccttctga tgggctttca actttgaact 181 ggatgtggac acttttctct cagatgacag aattactcca acttcccctt tgcagttgct 241 tcctttcctt gaaggtagct gtatcttatt ttctttaaaa agctttttct tccaaagcca 301 cttgccatgc cgaccgtcat tagcgcatct gtggctccaa ggacagcggc tgagccccgg 361 tccccagggc cagttcctca cccggcccag agcaaggcca ctgaggctgg gggtggaaac 421 ccaagtggca tctattcagc catcatcagc cgcaattttc ctattatcgg agtgaaagag 481 aagacattcg agcaacttca caagaaatgt ctagaaaaga aagttcttta tgtggaccct 541 gagttcccac cggatgagac ctctctcttt tatagccaga agttccccat ccagttcgtc 601 tggaagagac ctccggaaat ttgcgagaat ccccgattta tcattgatgg agccaacaga 661 actgacatct gtcaaggaga gctaggggac tgctggtttc tcgcagccat tgcctgcctg 721 accctgaacc agcaccttct tttccgagtc ataccccatg atcaaagttt catcgaaaac 781 tacgcaggga tcttccactt ccagttctgg cgctatggag agtgggtgga cgtggttata 841 gatgactgcc tgccaacgta caacaatcaa ctggttttca ccaagtccaa ccaccgcaat 901 gagttctgga gtgctctgct ggagaaggct tatgctaagc tccatggttc ctacgaagct 961 ctgaaaggtg ggaacaccac agaggccatg gaggacttca caggaggggt ggcagagttt 1021 tttgagatca gggatgctcc tagtgacatg tacaagatca tgaagaaagc catcgagaga 1081 ggctccctca tgggctgctc cattgatgat ggcacgaaca tgacctatgg aacctctcct 1141 tctggtctga acatggggga gttgattgca cggatggtaa ggaatatgga taactcactg 1201 ctccaggact cagacctcga ccccagaggc tcagatgaaa gaccgacccg gacaatcatt 1261 ccggttcagt atgagacaag aatggcctgc gggctggtca gaggtcacgc ctactctgtc 1321 acggggctgg atgaggtccc gttcaaaggt gagaaagtga agctggtgcg gctgcggaat 1381 ccgtggggcc aggtggagtg gaacggttct tggagtgata gatggaagga ctggagcttt 1441 gtggacaaag atgagaaggc ccgtctgcag caccaggtca ctgaggatgg agagttctgg 1501 atgtcctatg aggatttcat ctaccatttc acaaagttgg agatctgcaa cctcacggcc 1561 gatgctctgc agtctgacaa gcttcagacc tggacagtgt ctgtgaacga gggccgctgg 1621 gtacggggtt gctctgccgg aggctgccgc aacttcccag atactttctg gaccaaccct 1681 cagtaccgtc tgaagctcct ggaggaggac gatgaccctg atgactcgga ggtgatttgc 1741 agcttcctgg tggccctgat gcagaagaac cggcggaagg accggaagct aggggccagt 1801 ctcttcacca ttggcttcgc catctacgag gttcccaaag agatgcacgg gaacaagcag 1861 cacctgcaga aggacttctt cctgtacaac gcctccaagg ccaggagcaa aacctacatc 1921 aacatgcggg aggtgtccca gcgcttccgc ctgcctccca gcgagtacgt catcgtgccc 1981 tccacctacg agccccacca ggagggggaa ttcatcctcc gggtcttctc tgaaaagagg 2041 aacctctctg aggaagttga aaataccatc tccgtggatc ggccagtgaa aaagaaaaaa 2101 accaagccca tcatcttcgt ttcggacaga gcaaacagca acaaggagct gggtgtggac 2161 caggagtcag aggagggcaa aggcaaaaca agccctgata agcaaaagca gtccccacag 2221 ccacagcctg gcagctctga tcaggaaagt gaggaacagc aacaattccg gaacattttc 2281 aagcagatag caggagatga catggagatc tgtgcagatg agctcaagaa ggtccttaac 2341 acagtcgtga acaaacacaa ggacctgaag acacacgggt tcacactgga gtcctgccgt 2401 agcatgattg cgctcatgga tacagatggc tctggaaagc tcaacctgca ggagttccac 2461 cacctctgga acaagattaa ggcctggcag aaaattttca aacactatgacacagaccag 2521 tccggcacca tcaacagcta cgagatgcga aatgcagtca acgacgcagg attccacctc 2581 aacaaccagc tctatgacat cattaccatg cggtacgcag acaaacacat gaacatcgac 2641 tttgacagtt tcatctgctg cttcgttagg ctggagggca tgttcagagc ttttcatgca 2701 tttgacaagg atggagatgg tatcatcaag ctcaacgttc tggagtggct gcagctcacc 2761 atgtatgcct gaaccaggct ggcctcatcc aaagccatgc aggatcactc aggatttcag 2821 tttcaccctc tatttccaaa gccatttacc tcaaaggacc cagcagctac acccctacag 2881 gcttccaggc acctcatcag tcatgctcct cctccatttt accccctacc catccttgat 2941 cggtcatgcc tagcctgacc ctttagtaaa gcaatgaggt aggaagaaca aacccttgtc 3001 cctttgccat gtggaggaaa gtgcctgcct ctggtccgag ccgcctcggt tctgaagcga 3061 gtgctcctgc ttaccttgct ctaggctgtc tgcagaagca cctgccggtg gcactcagca 3121 cctccttgtg ctagagccct ccatcacctt cacgctgtcc caccatgggc caggaaccaa 3181 accagcactg ggttctactg ctgtggggta aactaactca gtggaatagg gctggttact 3241 ttgggctgtc caactcataa gtttggctgc attttgaaaa aagctgatct aaataaaggc 3301 atgtgtatgg ctggtc

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human CDH16 is available as NCBI accession number NM_004062 (gi: 16507958). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:123.

1 gaaggagctc tcttcttgct tggcagctgg accaagggag ccagtcttgg gcgctggagg 61 gcctgtcctg accatggtcc ctgcctggct gtggctgctt tgtgtctccg tcccccaggc 121 tctccccaag gcccagcctg cagagctgtc tgtggaagtt ccagaaaact atggtggaaa 181 tttcccttta tacctgacca agttgccgct gccccgtgag ggggctgaag gccagatcgt 241 gctgtcaggg gactcaggca aggcaactga gggcccattt gctatggatc cagattctgg 301 cttcctgctg gtgaccaggg ccctggaccg agaggagcag gcagagtacc agctacaggt 361 caccctggag atgcaggatg gacatgtctt gtggggtcca cagcctgtgc ttgtgcacgt 421 gaaggatgag aatgaccagg tgccccattt ctctcaagcc atctacagag ctcggctgag 481 ccggggtacc aggcctggca tccccttcct cttccttgag gcttcagacc gggatgagcc 541 aggcacagcc aactcggatc ttcgattcca catcctgagc caggctccag cccagccttc 601 cccagacatg ttccagctgg agcctcggct gggggctctg gccctcagcc ccaaggggag 661 caccagcctt gaccacgccc tggagaggac ctaccagctg ttggtacagg tcaaggacat 721 gggtgaccag gcctcaggcc accaggccac tgccaccgtg gaagtctcca tcatagagag 781 cacctgggtg tccctagagc ctatccacct ggcagagaat ctcaaagtcc tatacccgca 841 ccacatggcc caggtacact ggagtggggg tgatgtgcac tatcacctgg agagccatcc 901 cccgggaccc tttgaagtga atgcagaggg aaacctctac gtgaccagag agctggacag 961 agaagcccag gctgagtacc tgctccaggt gcgggctcag aattcccatg gcgaggacta 1021 tgcggcccct ctggagctgc acgtgctggt gatggatgag aatgacaacg tgcctatctg 1081 ccctccccgt gaccccacag tcagcatccc tgagctcagt ccaccaggta ctgaagtgac 1141 tagactgtca gcagaggatg cagatgcccc cggctccccc aattcccacg ttgtgtatca 1201 gctcctgagc cctgagcctg aggatggggt agaggggaga gccttccagg tggaccccac 1261 ttcaggcagt gtgacgctgg gggtgctccc actccgagca ggccagaaca tcctgcttct 1321 ggtgctggcc atggacctgg caggcgcaga gggtggcttc agcagcacgt gtgaagtcga 1381 agtcgcagtc acagatatca atgatcacgc ccctgagttc atcacttccc agattgggcc 1441 tataagcctc cctgaggatg tggagcccgg gactctggtg gccatgctaa cagccattga 1501 tgctgacctc gagcccgcct tccgcctcat ggattttgcc attgagaggg gagacacaga 1561 agggactttt ggcctggatt gggagccaga ctctgggcat gttagactca gactctgcaa 1621 gaacctcagt tatgaggcag ctccaagtca tgaggtggtg gtggtggtgc agagtgtggc 1681 gaagctggtg gggccaggcc caggccctgg agccaccgcc acggtgactg tgctagtgga 1741 gagagtgatg ccacccccca agttggacca ggagagctac gaggccagtg tccccatcag 1801 tgccccagcc ggctctttcc tgctgaccat ccagccctcc gaccccatca gccgaaccct 1861 caggttctcc ctagtcaatg actcagaggg ctggctctgc attgagaaat tctccgggga 1921 ggtgcacacc gcccagtccc tgcagggcgc ccagcctggg gacacctaca cggtgcttgt 1981 ggaggcccag gatacagatg agccgagact gagcgcttct gcacccctgg tgatccactt 2041 cctaaaggcc cctcctgccc cagccctgac tcttgcccct gtgccctccc aatacctctg 2101 cacaccccgc caagaccatg gcttgatcgt gagtggaccc agcaaggacc ccgatctggc 2161 cagtgggcac ggtccctaca gcttcaccct tggtcccaac cccacggtgc aacgggattg 2221 gcgcctccag actctcaatg gttcccatgc ctacctcacc ttggccctgc attgggtgga 2281 gccacgtgaa cacataatcc ccgtggtggt cagccacaat gcccagatgt ggcagctcct 2341 ggttcgagtg atcgtgtgtc gctgcaacgt ggaggggcag tgcatgagca aggtgggccg 2401 catgaagggc atgcccacga agctgtcggc agtgggcatc cttgtaggca ccctggtagc 2461 aataggaatc ttcctcatcc tcattttcac ccactggacc atgtcaagga agaaggaccc 2521 ggatcaacca gcagacagcg tgcccctgaa ggcgactgtc tgaatggccc aggcagctct 2581 agctgggagc ttggcctctg gctccatctg agtcccctgg gagagagccc agcacccaag 2641 atccagcagg ggacaggaca gagtagaagc ccctccatct gccctggggt ggaggcacca 2701 tcaccatcac caggcatgtc tgcagagcct ggacaccaac tttatggact gcccatggga 2761 gtgctccaaa tgtcagggtg tttgcccaat aataaagccc cagagaactg ggctgggccc 2821 tatgggattg gta

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human ChGn is available as NCBI accession number BC060772 (gi: 38174239). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 124.

1 tggggcttgt tccgggatcc gcagccttgc tcaggctgtg cattggtgtg gccccgaatt 61 gcacggagct gccttcctat ttcaaggaaa gacgccaagg taattttgac ccagaggagc 121 aatgatgtag ccacctccta accttccctt cttgaacccc caggtcccct cttgctgttg 181 gctgcacatc aggaaggctg tgatgggaat gaaggtgaaa acttggagat ttcacttcag 241 tcattgcttc tgcctgcaag atcatccttt aaaagtagag aagctgctct gtgtggtggt 301 taactccaag aggcagaact cgttctagaa ggaaatggat gcaagcagct ccgggggccc 361 caaacgcatg cttcctgtga tctagcccag ggaagccctt ccgtgggggc cccggctttg 421 agggatgcca ccggttctgg acgcatggct gattcctgaa tgatgatggt tcgccggggg 481 ctgcttgcgt ggatttcccg ggtggtggtt ttgctggtgc tcctctgctg tgctatctct 541 gtcctgtaca tgttggcctg caccccaaaa ggtgacgagg agcagctggc actgcccagg 601 gccaacagcc ccacggggaa ggaggggtac caggccgtcc ttcaggagtg ggaggagcag 661 caccgcaact acgtgagcag cctgaagcgg cagatcgcac agctcaagga ggagctgcag 721 gagaggagtg agcagctcag gaatgggcag taccaagcca gcgatgctgc tggcctgggt 781 ctggacagga gccccccaga gaaaacccag gccgacctcc tggccttcct gcactcgcag 841 gtggacaagg cagaggtgaa tgctggcgtc aagctggcca cagagtatgc agcagtgcct 901 ttcgatagct ttactctaca gaaggtgtac cagctggaga ctggccttac ccgccacccc 961 gaggagaagc ctgtgaggaa ggacaagcgg gatgagttgg tggaagccat tgaatcagcc 1021 ttggagaccc tgaacaatcc tgcagagaac agccccaatc accgtcctta cacggcctct 1081 gatttcatag aagggatcta ccgaacagaa agggacaaag ggacattgta tgagctcacc 1141 ttcaaagggg accacaaaca tgaattcaaa cggctcatct tatttcgacc attcggcccc 1201 atcatgaaag tggaaaatga aaagctcaac atggccaaca cgcttatcaa tgttatcgtg 1261 cctctagcaa aaagggtgga caagttccgg cagttcatgc agaatttcag gcctgctgat 1321 gaagttttta gatgtgtgcc tttaagccct tgattgtgcg gtgttggatc ttagaagctg 1381 tgatggctca gatgcacata ttggctgagg ataaccagct aagtgatttc accagcttgt 1441 tttaaacata gaaaatccta ctgtctaatt ataaatcttg aaagatcaag ctgatttttt 1501 atttcttttt ttttgagatg gagtcttact ctgtcaccca ggctggagtg cagtggcacg 1561 aactctgctc actgcaacct tcacctccca ggttcaggga gatgtgcatt gagcaggatg 1621 ggagagtcca tctcactgtt gtttactttg ggaaagaaga aataaatgaa gtcaaaggaa 1681 tacttgaaaa cacttccaaa gctgccaact tcaggaactt taccttcatc cagctgaatg 1741 gagaattttc tcggggaaag ggacttgatg ttggagcccg cttctggaag ggaagcaacg 1801 tccttctctt tttctgtgat gtggacatct acttcacatc tgaattcctc aatacgtgta 1861 ggctgaatac acagccaggg aagaaggtat tttatccagt tcttttcagt cagtacaatc 1921 ctggcataat atacggccac catgatgcag tccctccctt ggaacagcag ctggtcataa 1981 agaaggaaac tggattttgg agagactttg gatttgggat gacgtgtcag tatcggtcag 2041 acttcatcaa tataggtggg tttgatctgg acatcaaagg ctggggcgga gaggatgtgc 2101 acctttatcg caagtatctc cacagcaacc tcatagtggt acggacgcct gtgcgaggac 2161 tcttccacct ctggcatgag aagcgctgca tggacgagct gacccccgag cagtacaaga 2221 tgtgcatgca gtccaaggcc atgaacgagg catcccacgg ccagctgggc atgctggtgt 2281 tcaggcacga gatagaggct caccttcgca aacagaaaca gaagacaagt agcaaaaaaa 2341 catgaactcc cagagaagga ttgtgggaga cactttttct ttccttttgc aattactgaa 2401 agtggctgca acagagaaaa gacttccata aaggacgaca aaagaattgg actgatgggt 2461 cagagatgag aaagcctccg atttctctct gttgggcttt ttacaacaga aatcaaaatc 2521 tccgctttgc ctgcaaaagt aacccagttg caccctgtga agtgtctgac aaaggcagaa 2581 tgcttgtgag attataagcc taatggtgtg gaggttttga tggtgtttac aatacactga 2641 gacctgttgt tttgtgtgct cattgaaata ttcatgattt aagagcagtt ttgtaaaaaa 2701 ttcattagca tgaaaggcaa gcatatttct cctcatatga atgagcctat cagcagggct 2761 ctagtttcta ggaatgctaa aatatcagaa ggcaggagag gagataggct tattatgata 2821 ctagtgagta cattaagtaa aataaaatgg accagaaaag aaaagaaacc ataaatatcg 2881 tgtcatattt tccccaagat taaccaaaaa taatctgctt atctttttgg ttgtcctttt 2941 aactgtctcc gtttttttct tttatttaaa aatgcacttt ttttcccttg tgagttatag 3001 tctgcttatt taattaccac tttgcaagcc ttacaagaga gcacaagttg gcctacattt 3061 ttatattttt taagaagata ctttgagatg cattatgaga actttcagtt caaagcatca 3121 aattgatgcc atatccaagg acatgccaaa tgctgattct gtcaggcact gaatgtcagg 3181 cattgagaca tagggaagga atggtttgta ctaatacaga cgtacagata ctttctctga 3241 agagtatttt cgaagaggag caactgaaca ctggaggaaa agaaaatgac actttctgct 3301 ttacagaaaa ggaaactcat tcagactggt gatatcgtga tgtacctaaa agtcagaaac 3361 cacattttct cctcagaagt agggaccgct ttcttacctg tttaaataaa ccaaagtata 3421 ccgtgtgaac caaacaatct cttttcaaaa cagggtgctc ctcctggctt ctggcttcca 3481 taagaagaaa tggagaaaaa tatatatata tatatatata ttgtgaaaga tcaatccatc 3541 tgccagaatc tagtgggatg gaagtttttg ctacatgtta tccaccccag gccaggtgga 3601 agtaactgaa ttatttttta aattaagcag ttctactcga tcaccaagat gcttctgaaa 3661 attgcatttt attaccattt caaactattt tttaaaaata aatacagtta acatagagtg 3721 gtttcttcat tcatgtgaaa attattagcc agcaccagat gcatgagcta attatctctt 3781 tgagtccttg cttctgtttg ctcacagtaa actcattgtt taaaagcttc aagaacattc 3841 aagctgttgg tgtgttaaaa aatgcattgt attgatttgt actggtagtt tatgaaattt 3901 aattaaaaca caggccatga atggaaggtg gtattgcaca gctaataaaa tatgatttg 3961 ggatatgaaa aaaaaaaaaa aa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human CITED1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_004143 (gi: 222136685). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 125.

1 acgagccagg acatgtgcta ataatgccct aagccggtta taaagacgtg gaaattgagg 61 ggagaaaaaa aaagggaaaa aaagggtctg tccttcctgg gattcctagc cgaggccagt 121 ctgctgccgt gtgcgtgtgc gtcagggctc tccgggcggc aatgggggct tgagagccgg 181 gtccccagcg ccgggaaggg agcgcggtgg ccgccaccgc caccgccccg gagtccggcg 241 ccgaagctgc gggagggcgg gcgggcacca gctcggtcag gggctgcttg gcgcggcact 301 gtgcggtgca gcggcggcgc ggcgcggtgc gggcttttcc caggcgcccc ggggtcgggt 361 ggccaacggc gcggccgcgg gcgctgagcg cgaccggttc gcggtagcgg tggcggcggc 421 gtgcgtgcca ggggctgggg gctccgccgc ctctcttgcg gctcaccgag ctccgcgctt 481 ccctctctcc agggcaggcg gcttctcaga gcacaacagc tccagctggc agcatcactt 541 cccgccaatt tatccaactt ctgccaaggc tctgaaatgc caacaacgtc gaggcctgca 601 cttgatgtca agggtggcac ctcacctgcg aaggaggatg ccaaccaaga gatgagctcc 661 gtggcctact ccaaccttgc ggtgaaagat cgcaaagcag tggccattct gcactaccct 721 ggggtagcct caaatggaac caaggccagt ggggctccca ctagttcctc gggatctcca 781 ataggctctc ctacaaccac ccctcccact aaacccccat ccttcaacct gcaccccgcc 841 cctcacttgc tggctagtat gcacctgcag aaacttaata gccagtatca ggggatggct 901 gctgccactc caggccaacc cggggaggca ggacccctgc aaaactggga ctttggggcc 961 caggcgggag gggcagaatc actctctcct tctgctggtg cccagagccc tgctatcatc 1021 gattcggacc cagtggatga ggaagtgctg atgtcgctgg tggtggaact ggggttggac 1081 cgagccaatg agcttccgga gctgtggctg gggcagaatg agtttgactt cactgcggac 1141 tttccatcta gctgctaatg ccaagtgtcc ctaaagatgg aggaataaag ccaccaattc 1201 tgttgtaaat aaaaataaag ttacttacaa agagacgggc caaaaaaaaa a

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human CITED2 is available as NCBI accession number NM_006079 (gi: 51807294). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 126.

1 acagctcatt gttggcagct gccgggcggt cctgccgagc tgtgagggca acggagggga 61 aataaaaggg aacggctccg aatctgcccc agcggccgct gcgagacctc ggcgccgaca 121 tcgcgacagc gaagcgcttt gcacgccagg aaggtcccct ctatgtgctg ctgagccggt 181 cctggacgcg acgagcccgc cctcggtctt cggagcagaa atcgcaaaaa cggaaggact 241 ggaaatggca gaccatatga tggccatgaa ccacgggcgc ttccccgacg gcaccaatgg 301 gctgcaccat caccctgccc accgcatggg catggggcag ttcccgagcc cccatcacca 361 ccagcagcag cagccccagc acgccttcaa cgccctaatg ggcgagcaca tacactacgg 421 cgcgggcaac atgaatgcca cgagcggcat caggcatgcg atggggccgg ggactgtgaa 481 cggagggcac cccccgagcg cgctggcccc cgcggccagg tttaacaact cccagttcat 541 gggtcccccg gtggccagcc agggaggctc cctgccggcc agcatgcagc tgcagaagct 601 caacaaccag tatttcaacc atcaccccta cccccacaac cactacatgc cggatttgca 661 ccctgctgca ggccaccaga tgaacgggac aaaccagcac ttccgagatt gcaaccccaa 721 gcacagcggc ggcagcagca cccccggcgg ctcgggcggc agcagcaccc ccggcggctc 781 tggcagcagc tcgggcggcg gcgcgggcag cagcaacagc ggcggcggca gcggcagcgg 841 caacatgccc gcctccgtgg cccacgtccc cgctgcaatg ctgccgccca atgtcataga 901 cactgatttc atcgacgagg aagttcttat gtccttggtg atagaaatgg gtttggaccg 961 catcaaggag ctgcccgaac tctggctggg gcaaaacgag tttgatttta tgacggactt 1021 cgtgtgcaaa cagcagccca gcagagtgag ctgttgactc gatcgaaacc ccggcgaaag 1081 aaatcaaacc cccaacttct tcggcgtgaa ttaaaagaaa cattccctta gacacagtat 1141 ctcacttttc agatcttgaa aggtttgaga acttggaaac aaagtaaact ataaacttgt 1201 acaaattggt tttaaaaaaa attgctgcca cttttttttc ctgtttttgt ttcgtttttg 1261 tagccttgac attcacccac ctcccttatg tagttgaaat atctagctaa cttggtcttt 1321 ttcgttgttt gtttttactc ctttccctca ctttctccag tgctcaactg ttagatatta 1381 atcttggcaa actgcttaat cttgtggatt ttgtagatgg tttcaaatga ctgaactgca 1441 ttcagattta cgagtgaaag gaaaaattgc attagttggt tgcatgaact tcgaagggca 1501 gatattactg cacaaactgc catctcgctt cattttttta actatgcatt tgagtacaga 1561 ctaattttta aaatatgcta aactggaaga ttaaacagat gtgggccaaa ctgttctgga 1621 tcaggaaagt catactgttc actttcaagt tggctgtccc ccccgccgcc ccccccaccc 1681 ccatatgtac agatgataat agggtgtgga atgtcgtcag tggcaaacat ttcacagatt 1741 tttattttgt ttctgtcttc aacatttttg acactgtgct aatagttata ttcagtacat 1801 gaaaagatac tactgtgttg aaagcttttt aggaaatttt gacagtattt ttgtacaaaa 1861 catttttttg aaaaaatact tgttaattta ttctatttta atttgccaat gtcaataaaa 1921 agttaagaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human CKB is available as NCBI accession number M16451 (gi: 180571). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 127.

1 ccggccgccc gcccgccgcc gccatgccct tctccaacag ccacaacgca ctgaagctgc 61 gcttcccggc cgaggacgag ttccccgacc tgagcgccca caacaaccac atggccaagg 121 tgctgacccc cgagctgtac gcggacgtgc gcgccaagag cacgccgagc ggcttcacgc 181 tggacgacgt catccagaca ggcgtggaca acccgggcca cccgtacatc atgaccgtgg 241 gctgcgtggc gggcgacgag gagtcctacg aagtgttcaa ggatctcttc gaccccatca 301 tcgaggaccg gcaccggcgc tacaagccca gcgatgacga caagaccgac ctcaaccccg 361 acaacctgca gggcggcgac gacctggacc ccaactacgt gctgagctcg cgggtggcca 421 cgggccgcag catccgtggc ttctgcctcc ccccgcactg cagccgcggg gagcgccgag 481 ccatcgagaa gctcgcggtg gaagccctgt ccagcctgga cggcgacctg gcgggccgat 541 actacgcgct caagagcatg acggaggcgg agcagcagca gctcatcgac gaccacttcc 601 tcttcgacaa gcccgtgtcg cccctgctgc tggcctcggg catggcccgc gactggcccg 661 acgccgcgcg tatctggcac aatgacaata agaccttcct ggtgtgggtc aacgaggagg 721 accacctgcg ggtcatctcc atgcagaagg ggggcaacat gaaggaggtg ttcacccgct 781 tctgcaccgg cctcacccag attgaaactc tcttcaagtc taaggactat gagttcatgt 841 ggaaccctca cctgggctac atcctcacct gcccatccaa cctgggcacc gggctgcggg 901 caggtgtcga tatcaagctg cccaacctgg gcaagcatga gaagttctcg gaggtgctta 961 agcggctgcg acttcagaag cgaggcacag gcggtgtgga cacggctgcg gtgggcgggg 1021 tcttcgacgt ctccaacgct gaccgcctgg gcttctcaga ggtggagctg gtgcagatgg 1081 tggtggacgg agtgaagctg ctcatcgaga tggaacagcg gctggagcag ggccaggcca 1141 tcgacgacct catgcctgcc cagaaatgaa gcccggccca cacccgacac cagccctgct 1201 gcttcctaac ttattgcctg cagtgcccac catgcacccc tcgatgttgc cgtctggcga 1261 gcccttagcc ttgctgtaag gaaggcttcc gtcacccttg gtagagttta tttttttgat 1321 ggctaagata ctgctgatgc tgaaataaac tagggttttg gcctgcaaaa aa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human COL9A3 is available as NCBI accession number NM_001853 (gi: 119508425). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 128.

1 gccatggccg ggccgcgcgc gtgcgccccg ctcctgctcc tgctcctgct cggggagctt 61 ctggcggccg ccggggcgca gagagtggga ctccccggcc cccccggccc cccagggccg 121 cccgggaagc ccggccagga cggcattgac ggagaagctg gtcctccagg tctgcctggg 181 cccccgggac caaagggggc cccaggaaag ccggggaaac caggagaggc tgggctgccg 241 ggactgccgg gtgtggatgg tctgactgga cgagatggac cccctggacc caagggtgcc 301 cctggggaac ggggaagtct gggacccccg gggccgcccg ggctgggggg caaaggcctc 361 cctggacccc ccggagaggc aggagtgagc ggccccccag gtgggatcgg cctccgcggc 421 cccccgggac cttctggact ccccggcctc cctggtcccc caggacctcc cggaccccct 481 ggacacccag gagtcctccc tgaaggcgct actgaccttc agtgcccaag tatctgcccg 541 ccaggtcccc cagggccccc tggaatgcca gggttcaagg gacccactgg ctacaaaggc 601 gagcaggggg aagtcggcaa ggacggcgag aagggtgacc ctggcccccc tgggcccgcc 661 ggcctcccgg gcagcgtggg gctgcagggc ccccggggat tacgaggact gccagggcca 721 ctcgggcccc ctggggaccg gggtcccatt gggttccgag ggccgcctgg gatcccagga 781 gcgcctggga aagcgggtga ccgaggcgag aggggcccag aagggttccg cggccccaag 841 ggtgacctcg gcagacctgg tcccaaggga acccccggag tggccgggcc aagcggagag 901 ccgggcatgc cgggcaagga cggccagaat ggcgtgccag gactcgatgg ccagaaggga 961 gaggctggtc gcaacggtgc tccgggagag aagggcccca acgggctgcc gggcctccct 1021 ggacgagcgg ggtccaaagg cgagaaggga gaacggggca gagctgggga gctgggtgag 1081 gccggcccct ctggagagcc aggcgtccct ggagatgctg gcatgcctgg ggagcgcggt 1141 gaggctggcc accggggctc agcgggggcc ctcggcccac aaggccctcc cggagcccct 1201 ggtgtccgag gcttccaggg ccagaagggc agcatgggag accccggcct tccaggcccc 1261 cagggcctcc gaggtgacgt gggcgaccgg ggtccgggag gtgccgcagg ccctaaggga 1321 gaccagggta ttgcaggttc cgacggtctt cctggggata aaggagaact gggtcccagc 1381 ggcctggtcg gacccaaagg agagtctggc agtcgagggg agctgggccc caaaggcacc 1441 cagggtccca acggcaccag cggtgttcag ggtgtccccg ggccccccgg tcctctgggc 1501 ctgcagggcg tcccgggtgt tcctggcatc acggggaagc cgggagttcc ggggaaggag 1561 gccagcgagc agcgcatcag ggagctgtgt ggggggatga tcagcgaaca aattgcacag 1621 ttagccgcgc acctaaggaa gcctttggca cccgggtcca ttggtcggcc cggtccagct 1681 ggcccccctg ggcccccagg acccccaggc tccattggtc accctggcgc tcgaggaccc 1741 cctggatacc gcggtcccac tggggagctg ggagaccccg ggcccagagg aaaccagggt 1801 gacagaggag acaaaggcgc ggcaggagca gggctggacg ggcctgaagg agaccagggg 1861 ccccaaggac cccaaggcgt gcccggcacc agcaaggacg gccaggacgg tgctcccggc 1921 gagcctgggc ctcccggaga tcctgggctt ccaggtgcca ttggggccca ggggacaccg 1981 gggatctgcg acacctcagc ctgccaagga gccgtgttag gaggggtcgg ggagaaatca 2041 ggctctcgaa gctcataaaa ttcaacgtga ggaagcaagt gacaaggacg cccgaagcac 2101 agtggacggt catgaaggag cgggggtgtg gcaggcgggt gacgtccagg agagggagcg 2161 cccctggctg cccctcggcc gccgactgga cgcgcgggcc ttgccagcga gcaccctcat 2221 cgggctgtcg cctgacagca tacctcaaaa ggccctagct aataaacctg taagcccagc 2281 atttgagaga aggtagggtg tgtatatata aaaggttgtg tacaactcca cgaggtgaaa 2341 aatattcagt aacttgttta catagcattt gtgtaaagac tatgatctca tcccaataaa 2401 atgatatatt aaaccttcag attaatgact ggctacagag taacaaaaaa taaagaattt 2461 aatgtacagt aaattctctc ccata

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human CSRP2 is available as NCBI accession number NM_001321 (gi: 4503100). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:129.

1 gggatctcgg actccctgga ccctccctcc agcccagcct cgctagctcc gcctgcggta 61 cgtgctcccg cctccgactc aaaatgcctg tctggggagg tggaaacaag tgtggggcct 121 gtgggaggac cgtgtaccac gcagaagagg tgcagtgtga tggcaggagc ttccaccgct 181 gctgctttct ctgcatggtt tgcaggaaaa atttagatag cacaacagtg gcaattcacg 241 atgaagagat ctactgcaaa tcctgctacg gaaagaagta tgggccaaaa ggctacggtt 301 atggccaggg cgctggcacg cttaacatgg accgtggcga gaggctgggc atcaaaccag 361 agagtgttca gcctcacagg cctacaacaa atccaaacac ttctaaattt gctcagaaat 421 atggaggtgc tgagaagtgt tccagatgtg gggattctgt atatgctgcc gagaagataa 481 ttggagctgg aaagccctgg cacaaaaact gtttccgatg tgcaaagtgt gggaagagtc 541 ttgaatcaac aactctgact gaaaaagaag gtgaaatcta ttgtaaagga tgctatgcaa 601 agaactttgg gcccaaggga tttggctatg gccaaggagc aggggctctt gttcatgccc 661 agtaagatgt aaaccctgaa ctaaacatca cacactgaga atctcttcat aatctaggca 721 cagataatct ttaacactaa actactgtga aattctacca gcattaagta ctgtatatcg 781 ccctgtactt ggataggctg gctaactcgt aggaagagag cactgtatgg tatccttttg 841 ctttattcac cagcattttg ggggaacatt tcttttacat tttaaataaa acttcagctt 901 g

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human DAPK2 is available as NCBI accession number NM_0014326 (gi: 71774012). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 130.

1 gaccgcggca gctcagcctc ccgccgattg tatgttccag gcctcaatga ggagtccaaa 61 catggagcca ttcaagcagc agaaggtgga ggacttttat gacatcggag aggagctggg 121 gagtggccag tttgccatcg tgaagaagtg ccgggagaag agcacggggc ttgagtatgc 181 agccaagttc atcaagaagc ggcagagccg ggcgagccgg cgcggtgtga gccgggagga 241 gatcgagcgg gaggtgagca tcctgcggca ggtgctgcac cacaatgtca tcacgctgca 301 cgacgtctat gagaaccgca ccgacgtggt gctcatcctt gagctagtgt ctggaggaga 361 gctcttcgat ttcctggccc agaaggagtc actgagtgag gaggaggcca ccagcttcat 421 taagcagatc ctggatgggg tgaactacct tcacacaaag aaaattgctc actttgatct 481 caagccagaa aacattatgt tgttagacaa gaatattccc attccacaca tcaagctgat 541 tgactttggt ctggctcacg aaatagaaga tggagttgaa tttaagaata tttttgggac 601 gccggaattt gttgctccag aaattgtgaa ctacgagccc ctgggtctgg aggctgacat 661 gtggagcata ggcgtcatca cctacatcct cttaagtgga gcatcccctt tcctgggaga 721 cacgaagcag gaaacactgg caaatatcac agcagtgagt tacgactttg atgaggaatt 781 cttcagccag acgagcgagc tggccaagga ctttattcgg aagcttctgg ttaaagagac 841 ccggaaacgg ctcacaatcc aagaggctct cagacacccc tggatcacgc cggtggacaa 901 ccagcaagcc atggtgcgca gggagtctgt ggtcaatctg gagaacttca ggaagcagta 961 tgtccgcagg cggtggaagc tttccttcag catcgtgtcc ctgtgcaacc acctcacccg 1021 ctcgctgatg aagaaggtgc acctgaggcc ggatgaggac ctgaggaact gtgagagtga 1081 cactgaggag gacatcgcca ggaggaaagc cctccaccca cggaggagga gcagcacctc 1141 ctaactggcc tgacctgcag tggccgccag ggaggtctgg gcccagcggg gctcccttct 1201 gtgcagactt ttggacccag ctcagcacca gcacccgggc gtcctgagca ctttgcaaga 1261 gagatgggcc caaggaattc agaagagctt gcaggcaagc caggagaccc tgggagctgt 1321 ggctgtcttc tgtggaggag gctccagcat tcccaaagct cttaattctc cataaaatgg 1381 gctttcctct gtctgccatc ctcagagtct ggggtgggag tgtggactta ggaaaacaat 1441 ataaaggaca tcctcatcat cacggggtga aggtcagact aaggcagcct tcttcacagg 1501 ctgagggggt tcagaaccag cctggccaaa aattacacca gagagacaga gtcctcccca 1561 ttgggaacag ggtgattgag gaaagtgaac cttgggtgtg agggaccaat cctgtgacct 1621 cccagaacca tggaagccag gacgtcaggc tgaccaacac ctcagacctt ctgaagcagc 1681 ccattgctgg cccgccatgt tgtaattttg ctcattttta ttaaacttct ggtttacctg 1741 atgcttggct tcttttaggg ctacccccat ctcatttcct ttagcccgtg tgcctgtaac 1801 tctgaggggg ggcacccagt ggggtgctga gtgggcagaa tctcagaagg tcctcctgaa 1861 ccgtccgcgc aggcctgcag tgggcctgcc tcctccttgc ttccctaaca ggaaggtgtc 1921 cagttcaaga gaacccaccc agagactggg agtggtggct cacgcctata atccctgcgc 1981 tttggcagtc cgaggcaggg gaattgcttg aactcaggag ttggagacca gcctgggcaa 2041 catggcaaaa cgcagtctgt acaaaaaata caaaaaatta gccaggtgta ggggtaggca 2101 cctggcatcc cagctactcc aggggctgag gtgacagcat tgcttaagcc cagaaggtcg 2161 aggctgcagt gagctgagat cacgccactg cactccagtc tgggtgacag agagagacca 2221 tatccaaaaa aaaaaaaagt tgccagagac gagtatgccc atgctccctc tacctcactg 2281 ccaccactcc tgctgttagg agctgagtgt gtctccctaa aatttctatg ttgaagtctt 2341 aacccttggt accacagaat atcactgtat ttggagatgg ggtctttaga aaggcactta 2401 aattaaaatg agctcactga tatgggcccc gatgcaatat aattggtgtc cttataagaa 2461 ggggaggtta ggacacgcag gaaagaccac atgaaggccc aggagtggga gggggaatag 2521 ccatcgacaa actaaggggg cctcagagga aaccaaccct gctgacacct caatcttaga 2581 ctctggcctc aaaaattgta agaaaataaa cttctgtctt ttaagcca

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human DIO1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_00972 (gi: 89357933). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 131.

1 gagcttactc tggctttgcc gagatggggc tgccccagcc agggctgtgg ctgaagaggc 61 tctgggtgct cttggaggtg gctgtgcatg tggtcgtggg taaagtgctt ctgatattgt 121 ttccagacag agtcaagcgg aacatcctgg ccatgggcga gaagacgggt atgaccagga 181 acccccattt cagccacgac aactggatac caaccttttt cagcacccag tatttctggt 241 tcgtcttgaa ggtccgttgg cagcgactag aggacacgac tgagctaggg ggtctggccc 301 caaactgccc ggtggtccgc ctctcaggac agaggtgcaa catttgggag tttatgcaag 361 gtaataggcc actggtgctg aattttggaa gttgtacctg accttcattt atgttcaaat 421 ttgaccagtt caagaggctt attgaagact ttagttccat agcagatttt cttgtcattt 481 acattgaaga agcacatgca tcagatggct gggcttttaa gaacaacatg gacatcagaa 541 atcaccagaa ccttcaggat cgcctgcagg cagcccatct actgctggcc aggagccccc 601 agtgccctgt ggtggtggac accatgcaga accagagcag ccagctctac gcagcactgc 661 ctgagaggct ctacataatc caggagggca ggatcctcta caagggtaaa tctggccctt 721 ggaactacaa cccagaggaa gttcgtgctg ttctggaaaa gctccacagt taatctggac 781 agatacctca attctaggtg accaacggga gggcttctca aggcttagct ctccctgaga 841 cccagctggc ttttaccctt gacctgtgtc cctagctgaa tcactagctc agatttttct 901 gatctaagca aacaactccc agctgaggaa tgcaggccac agcacccaat caagacaaat 961 tgttattatc agaaaatgaa gcaacacttg agctgttcag gccagttccc tgttgaagaa 1021 acagttccct gttgaagaaa gtagagcctg acactgctcc cactttggag accacattcc 1081 ctgcacacgg tctttgagag agcagttgca ctctacaggc acacttctga ggtacggtat 1141 ctctctccag ccactctgat accaagtaat tcaagctggc attccttcta ttagggaaat 1201 tcattttacc caatttgcat ttatggaatt gatcatttaa gacactaaat tagtttttag 1261 aaccaattat gggaagaatt ccagttgtta ggaagagatg aggagttgga agaggaggga 1321 ttagaaacag gaggaggcag tcatcctctc cttgccaaaa gatttaaacc tgtccacatt 1381 ggtggtgatg atgggtgagt ttccatggta acacatccct aattttacca gggaagagga 1441 gagtactcac tttaccatct ttgaatatat ttcatagaaa tctagctctc tgtaccctga 1501 aatcttccac tagcctcact tttcaacaga gtcatctaga agggagggtt ggcttcccaa 1561 aagcataacc ttgaccaaac caaacaatag gcaccagcaa tgctgtcatt cagttatgca 1621 gaagctcatt tgtgaaattc tgtttctctg atttcttcgc aagtctctta atggtcattt 1681 gtgttagatt acatcaaact gatggatagc cattggtatt catctatttt aactctgtgt 1741 ctttacatat ttgtttatga tggccacagc ctaaagtaca cacggctgtg acttgattca 1801 aaagaaaatg ttataagatg cagtaaacta ataacagaat tattaaaata tatcaggcta 1861 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human DPP4 is available as NCBI accession number NM_001935 (gi: 47078262). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 132.

1 ctttcactgg caagagacgg agtcctgggt ttcagttcca gttgcctgcg gtgggctgtg 61 tgagtttgcc aaagtcccct gccctctctg ggtctcggtt ccctcgcctg tccacgtgag 121 gttggaggag ctgaacgccg acgtcatttt tagctaagag ggagcagggt ccccgagtcg 181 ccggcccagg gtctgcgcat ccgaggccgc gcgccctttc ccctccccca cggctcctcc 241 gggccccgca ctctgcgccc cggctgccgc ccagcgccct acaccgccct cagggggccc 301 tcgcgggctc cccccggccg ggatgccagt gccccgcgcc acgcgcgcct gctcccgcgc 361 cgcctgccct gcagcctgcc cgcggcgcct ttatacccag cgggctcggc gctcactaat 421 gtttaactcg gggccgaaac ttgccagcgg cgagtgactc caccgcccgg agcagcggtg 481 caggacgcgc gtctccgccg cccgcggtga cttctgcctg cgctccttct ctgaacgctc 541 acttccgagg agacgccgac gatgaagaca ccgtggaagg ttcttctggg actgctgggt 601 gctgctgcgc ttgtcaccat catcaccgtg cccgtggttc tgctgaacaa aggcacagat 661 gatgctacag ctgacagtcg caaaacttac actctaactg attacttaaa aaatacttat 721 agactgaagt tatactcctt aagatggatt tcagatcatg aatatctcta caaacaagaa 781 aataatatct tggtattcaa tgctgaatat ggaaacagct cagttttctt ggagaacagt 841 acatttgatg agtttggaca ttctatcaat gattattcaa tatctcctga tgggcagttt 901 attctcttag aatacaacta cgtgaagcaa tggaggcatt cctacacagc ttcatatgac 961 atttatgatt taaataaaag gcagctgatt acagaagaga ggattccaaa caacacacag 1021 tgggtcacat ggtcaccagt gggtcataaa ttggcatatg tttggaacaa tgacatttat 1081 gttaaaattg aaccaaattt accaagttac agaatcacat ggacggggaa agaagatata 1141 atatataatg gaataactga ctgggtttat gaagaggaag tcttcagtgc ctactctgct 1201 ctgtggtggt ctccaaacgg cactttttta gcatatgccc aatttaacga cacagaagtc 1261 ccacttattg aatactcctt ctactctgat gagtcactgc agtacccaaa gactgtacgg 1321 gttccatatc caaaggcagg agctgtgaat ccaactgtaa agttctttgt tgtaaataca 1381 gactctctca gctcagtcac caatgcaact tccatacaaa tcactgctcc tgcttctatg 1441 ttgatagggg atcactactt gtgtgatgtg acatgggcaa cacaagaaag aatttctttg 1501 cagtggctca ggaggattca gaactattcg gtcatggata tttgtgacta tgatgaatcc 1561 agtggaagat ggaactgctt agtggcacgg caacacattg aaatgagtac tactggctgg 1621 gttggaagat ttaggccttc agaacctcat tttacccttg atggtaatag cttctacaag 1681 atcatcagca atgaagaagg ttacagacac atttgctatt tccaaataga taaaaaagac 1741 tgcacattta ttacaaaagg cacctgggaa gtcatcggga tagaagctct aaccagtgat 1801 tatctatact acattagtaa tgaatataaa ggaatgccag gaggaaggaa tctttataaa 1861 atccaactta gtgactatac aaaagtgaca tgcctcagtt gtgagctgaa tccggaaagg 1921 tgtcagtact attctgtgtc attcagtaaa gaggcgaagt attatcagct gagatgttcc 1981 ggtcctggtc tgcccctcta tactctacac agcagcgtga atgataaagg gctgagagtc 2041 ctggaagaca attcagcttt ggataaaatg ctgcagaatg tccagatgcc ctccaaaaaa 2101 ctggacttca ttattttgaa tgaaacaaaa ttttggtatc agatgatctt gcctcctcat 2161 tttgataaat ccaagaaata tcctctacta ttagatgtgt atgcaggccc atgtagtcaa 2221 aaagcagaca ctgtcttcag actgaactgg gccacttacc ttgcaagcac agaaaacatt 2281 atagtagcta gctttgatgg cagaggaagt ggttaccaag gagataagat catgcatgca 2341 atcaacagaa gactgggaac atttgaagtt gaagatcaaa ttgaagcagc cagacaattt 2401 tcaaaaatgg gatttgtgga caacaaacga attgcaattt ggggctggtc atatggaggg 2461 tacgtaacct caatggtcct gggatcggga agtggcgtgt tcaagtgtgg aatagccgtg 2521 gcgcctgtat cccggtggga gtactatgac tcagtgtaca cagaacgtta catgggtctc 2581 ccaactccag aagacaacct tgaccattac agaaattcaa cagtcatgag cagagctgaa 2641 aattttaaac aagttgagta cctccttatt catggaacag cagatgataa cgttcacttt 2701 cagcagtcag ctcagatctc caaagccctg gtcgatgttg gagtggattt ccaggcaatg 2761 tggtatactg atgaagacca tggaatagct agcagcacag cacaccaaca tatatatacc 2821 cacatgagcc acttcataaa acaatgtttc tctttacctt agcacctcaa aataccatgc 2881 catttaaagc ttattaaaac tcatttttgt tttcattatc tcaaaactgc actgtcaaga 2941 tgatgatgat ctttaaaata cacactcaaa tcaagaaact taaggttacc tttgttccca 3001 aatttcatac ctatcatctt aagtagggac ttctgtcttc acaacagatt attaccttac 3061 agaagtttga attatccggt cgggttttat tgttttaaat catttctgca tcagctgctg 3121 aaacaacaaa taggaattgt ttttatggag gctttgcata gattccctga gcaggatttt 3181 aatctttttc taactggact ggttcaaatg ttgttctctt ctttaaaggg atggcaagat 3241 gtgggcagtg atgtcactag ggcagggaca ggataagagg gattagggag agaagatagc 3301 agggcatggc tgggaaccca agtccaagca taccaacacg agcaggctac tgtcagctcc 3361 cctcggagaa gagctgttca cagccagact ggcacagttt tctgagaaag actattcaaa 3421 cagtctcagg aaatcaaata tgcaaagcac tgacttctaa gtaaaaccac agcagttgaa 3481 aagactccaa agaaatgtaa gggaaactgc cagcaacgca ggcccccagg tgccagttat 3541 ggctataggt gctacaaaaa cacagcaagg gtgatgggaa agcattgtaa atgtgctttt 3601 aaaaaaaaat actgatgttc ctagtgaaag aggcagcttg aaactgagat gtgaacacat 3661 cagcttgccc tgttaaaaga tgaaaatatt tgtatcacaa atcttaactt gaaggagtcc 3721 ttgcatcaat ttttcttatt tcatttcttt gagtgtctta attaaaagaa tattttaact 3781 tccttggact cattttaaaa aatggaacat aaaatacaat gttatgtatt attattccca 3841 ttctacatac tatggaattt ctcccagtca tttaataaat gtgccttcat tttttcagaa 3901 aaaaaaaaaa aaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human DTX4 is available as NCBI accession number NM_015177 (gi: 148237497). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 133.

1 gagcagcggc agcagcagcg gaccccggcg gcggcggcgg cgcgcggtcc cagccaggcg 61 gccccggtgt cccggccccg gtggatgcac ggctggggag gagcccatgg gccggagctg 121 aggctgcccg gggcggcggg gcgcggggca gggggcgcgg tcgaggcccg gaggcggcgg 181 cgcaggagga agcggaggag gtcgggcgct cggggcccgg gaggcgggcc gcgcagcgcc 241 gcagccccgg gctcgccatg ctcctggcct cggccgtggt ggtctgggaa tggctgaacg 301 agcacggccg ctggcgtccc tacagcccag cggtgagcca ccacatcgag gcggtggtcc 361 gcgccggccc ccgcgcgggg ggcagcgtgg tgctgggcca ggtggacagc cgtctcgcgc 421 cctacatcat cgacctgcag tccatgaacc agttccgcca agacacggga actctccgcc 481 cagttcgccg caactactac gacccctcct cggcccctgg gaagggcgtg gtgtgggagt 541 gggagaacga caatggctcc tggacgccct acgacatgga agtgggcatc accatccagc 601 atgcctatga gaagcagcac ccctggatcg acctcacttc cattggcttt agctacgtaa 661 ttgacttcaa caccatgggc cagatcaacc gtcagaccca gcgccaacgc cgcgtccgcc 721 ggcgcctcga cctcatctac cccatggtca cagggacctt gcctaaggct cagtcctggc 781 cagtcagccc tgggccagcc acctcgcccc ccatgtcccc ctgctcctgt ccccagtgtg 841 tcttggtgat gagtgttaag gcagccgtgg tcaatggcag cactgggccc ctacagctgc 901 cagtgacccg caagaacatg ccgcctcctg gagtggtcaa gctaccccca ctgccaggct 961 ctggggccaa gccactggac agcacaggca ccattcgagg cccactgaag accgccccat 1021 cgcaggtgat ccggagacaa gcctccagca tgcccactgg gacaaccatg ggctctcctg 1081 ccagtccccc aggacccaac agcaagaccg gaagggtggc cctggccacc ttgaatcgta 1141 ccaacctgca gcgactggcc attgcccagt cccgggtgct gatcgcctct ggggtcccca 1201 cagtcccagt gaagaaccta aatgggtcca gtcctgtcaa ccctgccttg gcaggaatca 1261 ctgggatcct catgagtgca gcggggctgc ctgtgtgtct caccaggcca ccaaagctgg 1321 tcctacaccc accccccgtc agcaagagtg aaataaaatc catcccaggg gtttccaaca 1381 caagccgcaa gaccaccaaa aaacaagcca agaaaggtaa aaccccagag gaagtgctaa 1441 aaaaatatct acagaaagtc cggcacccac cagatgagga ctgcaccatc tgtatggaac 1501 gcctcacggc cccctcaggc tacaagggcc cgcagcctac ggtaaaacct gacctggtag 1561 ggaagctgtc cagatgcggc cacgtctacc acatctactg cttggttgcc atgtacaaca 1621 atgggaacaa ggatggaagt ttgcagtgtc caacctgcaa gaccatttat ggggtgaaga 1681 caggcaccca acctccaggg aagatggagt accacctcat cccccactcc ttgcctggcc 1741 acccagactg caaaaccatc cggatcatct acagcatccc ccccggcatt cagggaccgg 1801 aacacccgaa tcctgggaag agtttcagcg cccgaggctt cccacgacac tgttaccttc 1861 cggacagcga gaaagggaga aaagttctga agctgctgct cgtggcctgg gatcgccgcc 1921 tcatttttgc cattggcacc tccagcacca caggcgagtc agacaccgtc atctggaatg 1981 aggtccacca caagacagag tttggctcta atctcactgg ccatggctac ccagatgcca 2041 attacctgga taatgtgctg gctgaactgg ctgcccaggg catctctgag gacagcactg 2101 cccaggagaa ggactgaggc cagaaaagct ttgaggtggg aggggccatg gagactgcag 2161 gacaggaagt gaggagagtg agtcaatgta gaagaagttg gtgtcctgcc ctcccaactt 2221 tctatcctcc cctcctgccc tgtgtccatc cctcatccct cccaaccaca gtgggagcca 2281 gactgaatat agcgacatca ttcataaatc tcatccaaca caaagggaga tgggatgagg 2341 gccatcctgg gtctgttccc atggagtttt tggtgctggg taggcaggaa tcccctccct 2401 accccacctc ccaagtaggg gcatggtcag cacacctagg gtatgggcag tgcttaggca 2461 ctccatatcc tggctttggg aagccggggt ttcttgcctc agccggcttc ttgctacttc 2521 cactctgctt tgagactgga gtttctgcta ttctccctct gctggaggca gggagctctc 2581 actgtgcaag gttggggggt gggcaaaggg gtgaatcact aaactgctgt gacatcagaa 2641 actgatgcct tggtgtagag caaggaagca cttcttccca agagggtcgg agaaggaaaa 2701 gcctctggga gcacattctg ctgtcatcac agtccttggc ttctctgggc cctcctctcc 2761 tcctcacagc tctcacctgt ccaaagaggc atctggttct ctcatgtgga tggatggact 2821 ctggggttcc tctttggagt ggcatcccat gatgctgttt ctagaccctc tctgatcaaa 2881 ccagagcctg catcccactg agcatctgaa ctgtcctcag ggagaggagc ccacagcctt 2941 cttcccaact cattctagac cagctcaaag attccatgag tttcatcgag tcactgtgag 3001 tggagcccat gctgggctct gtgccctctg tgtctgtgca tgcgcgtgtg tgtgtgggcg 3061 tgtgtgcatt gctgggccag cttgaaggga aggcccgtca tgtccctgca ctctgttttg 3121 caagatgcca aaccccagtt ctgatggggc tccaacagcc aggctgtggt cctttgacgt 3181 tcctcacctg ttgccaacct atcccgtagt gaactgaaac cccaatgaag acagaactgt 3241 gcctggggag atgcaatgag gtgagggctg aactcatcct tttatatttc ttttcaagat 3301 tggatcagag ctcatctcca tccagtcttg tttctatgaa ggcttcaatc tgtttccatg 3361 caaatttgct aatcagagcc cagagctgct gggtccctca tctccctcat ctattataga 3421 ttgacttaca gcagggagag aatctcttta gctcattcct aatggagttg ggatcacaat 3481 atggtctggt ccaatctgca tcttgttgtg tcccaagacc ctatctcctc cccaacattc 3541 ttattgcctt tggctcccag taaggaacga attgggggcc agggaggaga acaggcggga 3601 tcaagaaggg aaacccaatt ccccctttga aagtgggttc tttgaactat gtgtttgggg 3661 gaagttcctc tggatactaa tttgaattta tatacctcat gttttggggg tttgacgtat 3721 atatatatat atatatatgc atatatattt cataatattt ggaaggtttt tgatgctaga 3781 aaaatggaaa caagagaacc ttcaaaaatg gtacttagat gggaactgga ggccaatctt 3841 tcataaagcc agccccatag ctgcttgctg ttaggcctcc agccattttg acattggggt 3901 ggatagtcga ttcacctgcc tgtcagtcga ttcacctgcc tgtcacccag ttctgtggat 3961 gtgctggtgc tgagcctttg ctctctttcc aaatggttac agggatgttg atcagctcca 4021 ccagagggag ctctgatggg aggaattgct ctgccatcct tgtccctgtg tctcctgtcg 4081 gcaggcagcc attgtatctc accagcagac caggagactg gtcccaaggt tactgcacca 4141 cagggcaatt tcctgccata gttaggaagg aaacacctga actaaatgga agagacatcc 4201 ctgcggtgtt taatatcaca cccatgccct ttgtcaggtt accatgtaca gagattactt 4261 ggagagcctc atgccgtctc taccttcgca cactggtcaa gtatctgctg agcttcttgg 4321 ccgcaaggat gcagaaatag gctgagggtc catgggaaga aagacacaat gaggcagtag 4381 gaggtgggga agaaaagaag acagactttc aaaatggaat taggcactgg ggagagatca 4441 gtttccccac atcagggaga agaaggtata ggtggggaag ggggtggcca ggagcagaag 4501 gaagaagact caagatggaa agggagccgc tgtgcctgtg gcaataccac ttggagaggt 4561 cgacttcata ccttcaagcc ttttcccctg ggcttttgat tgtgtctgtg ccccctttct 4621 tgtcctctct gcagatgccc agtaggggct acctcatcct cgtgctgttc ttgtgtggct 4681 ttctgggcag tagggatctt gaatttcctt tctaacactg tgcccggcaa ggcggggagc 4741 attcctctgc cctttgtctt gtgccaacct ggaaaggtgc agtctagatt tcagtgagaa 4801 ccctgccagc tgagccctgt gcatctacta ccttgacaca gagtgttttc ccactagaag 4861 ctctgctctg ctctcctggc ccaagtaggg gattccatgc cttccctttc atggtcttag 4921 caccagcagc ctagtttctc ccttccagag tctccaggga tgacaaattg gattggagac 4981 aaacctcgtc agatgctcat cccctaaaag gttaattgtg tatttgtggc tgcgtgtgcc 5041 tttgtgtttt cattctcttc ccatttttgt acattttggt cttctctgtg gttttatact 5101 tggtcaa.ag tactcgtctt ggtattgcac tgttgtgtgc atgagaaaac tgggggaagg 5161 ctcactggta caagaaagga cccctgaccc ctttccttct ctgtggtccc cggcattaga 5221 ttgggggttc tgggagaggc aggtgaatgt cctaagtgaa ttgttctgtt tgtaactgga 5281 atgtttttga agtctttggt gttgctccgt gaaaggacat cgccacctgg tgctcatgag 5341 gtgtctttgc agaacaataa atggcaaatg aacaaccaca aaattgttac tcttgttggc 5401 cttctgctgt ttgtagatta gtgcacctat ctgtgaggga tttgggttac ctccctgagt 5461 ctgtaagcaa ccacaagccc tgccactggg tgggggaagt ccctccccaa ccacttaaaa 5521 acaaattttc cacatattac ccacccacac atttgacctg gctagacttt gtttgcctaa 5581 aggaacagac cacattgctg ggaaaatgag taagtgaacg tgtgggagaa aaacactttt 5641 agaatcacga atattcactt ttaaaggtct ctttgcctgg ctgcaatata gtgtgtgttt 5701 aaattattta caggctgttg tttctcaaat aaatgtttaa tattaatcat tcccaaactg 5761 acaagaacac aaaaataaaa tgcaaataca gagcc

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human DUSP4 is available as NCBI accession number NM_001394 (gi: 58331238). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 134.

1 gctgagcgcc ggaggagcgt aggcagggca gagctggcgc cagtggcgac aggagccgcg 61 cgaccggcaa aaatacacgg gaggccgtcg ccgaaaagag tccgcggtcc tctctcgtaa 121 acacactctc ctccaccggc gcctccccct ccgctctgcg cgccgcccgg ctgggcgccc 181 gaggccgctc cgactgctat gtgaccgcga ggctgcggga ggaaggggac agggaagaag 241 aggctctccc gcgggagccc ttgaggacca agtttgcggc cacttctgca ggcgtccctt 301 cttagctctc gcccgcccct ttctgcagcc taggcggccc gggttctctt ctcttcctcg 361 cgcgcccagc cgcctcggtt cccggcgacc atggtgacga tggaggagct gcgggagatg 421 gactgcagtg tgctcaaaag gctgatgaac cgggacgaga atggcggcgg cgcgggcggc 481 agcggcagcc acggcaccct ggggctgccg agcggcggca agtgcctgct gctggactgc 541 agaccgttcc tggcgcacag cgcgggctac atcctaggtt cggtcaacgt gcgctgtaac 601 accatcgtgc ggcggcgggc taagggctcc gtgagcctgg agcagatcct gcccgccgag 661 gaggaggtac gcgcccgctt gcgctccggc ctctactcgg cggtcatcgt ctacgacgag 721 cgcagcccgc gcgccgagag cctccgcgag gacagcaccg tgtcgctggt ggtgcaggcg 781 ctgcgccgca acgccgagcg caccgacatc tgcctgctca aaggcggcta tgagaggttt 841 tcctccgagt acccagaatt ctgttctaaa accaaggccc tggcagccat cccacccccg 901 gttcccccca gtgccacaga gcccttggac ctgggctgca gctcctgtgg gaccccacta 961 cacgaccagg ggggtcctgt ggagatcctt cccttcctct acctcggcag tgcctaccat 1021 gctgcccgga gagacatgct ggacgccctg ggcatcacgg ctctgttgaa tgtctcctcg 1081 gactgcccaa accactttga aggacactat cagtacaagt gcatcccagt ggaagataac 1141 cacaaggccg acatcagctc ctggttcatg gaagccatag agtacatcga tgccgtgaag 1201 gactgccgtg ggcgcgtgct ggtgcactgc caggcgggca tctcgcggtc ggccaccatc 1261 tgcctggcct acctgatgat gaagaaacgg gtgaggctgg aggaggcctt cgagttcgtt 1321 aagcagcgcc gcagcatcat ctcgcccaac ttcagcttca tggggcagct gctgcagttc 1381 gagtcccagg tgctggccac gtcctgtgct gcggaggctg ctagcccctc gggacccctg 1441 cgggagcggg gcaagacccc cgccaccccc acctcgcagt tcgtcttcag ctttccggtc 1501 tccgtgggcg tgcactcggc ccccagcagc ctgccctacc tgcacagccc catcaccacc 1561 tctcccagct gttagagccg ccctgggggc cccagaacca gagctggctc ccagcaaggg 1621 taggacgggc cgcatgcggg cagaaagttg ggactgagca gctgggagca ggcgaccgag 1681 ctccttcccc atcatttctc cttggccaac gacgaggcca gccagaatgg caataaggac 1741 tccgaataca taataaaagc aaacagaaca ctccaactta gagcaataac ggctgccgca 1801 gcagccaggg aagaccttgg tttggtttat gtgtcagttt cacttttccg atagaaattt 1861 cttacctcat ttttttaagc agtaaggctt gaagtgatga aacccacaga tcctagcaaa 1921 tgtgcccaac cagctttact aaagggggag gaagggaggg caaagggatg agaagacaag 1981 tttcccagaa gtgcctggtt ctgtgtactt gtccctttgt tgtcgttgtt gtagttaaag 2041 gaatttcatt ttttaaaaga aatcttcgaa ggtgtggttt tcatttctca gtcaccaaca 2101 gatgaataat tatgcttaat aataaagtat ttattaagac tttcttcaga gtatgaaagt 2161 acaaaaagtc tagttacagt ggatttagaa tatatttatg ttgatgtcaa acagctgagc 2221 accgtagcat gcagatgtca aggcagttag gaagtaaatg gtgtcttgta gatatgtgca 2281 aggtagcatg atgagcaact tgagtttgtt gccactgaga agcaggcggg ttgggtggga 2341 ggaggaagaa agggaagaat taggtttgaa ttgcttttta aaaaaaaaag aaaagaaaaa 2401 gacagcatct cactatgttg ccaaggctca tcttgagaag caggcgggtt gggtgggagg 2461 aggaagaaag ggaagaatta ggtttgaatt gctttttt

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human EFEMP1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_004105 (gi: 86787911). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 135.

1 cgaaggtagc gtgtcgggga cccagactga taagacaaaa gagaatcagt cgctttgggc 61 tgcccctcca cacaacctgg gacttttaaa caaagctgtg cgcagagaaa ggcgtggaaa 121 tgccactttg agagtttgtg ctgggggatg tgagaagctc tgagacatgt gagaaggtct 181 agtattctac tagaactgga agattgctct ccgagttttg ttttgttatt ttgtttaaaa 241 aataaaaagc ttgaggccaa ggcaattcat attggctcac aggtattttt gctgtgctgt 301 gcaaggaact ctgctagctc aagattcaca atgttgaaag cccttttcct aactatgctg 361 actctggcgc tggtcaagtc acaggacacc gaagaaacca tcacgtacac gcaatgcact 421 gacggatatg agtgggatcc tgtgagacag caatgcaaag atattgatga atgtgacatt 481 gtcccagacg cttgtaaagg tggaatgaag tgtgtcaacc actatggagg atacctctgc 541 cttccgaaaa cagcccagat tattgtcaat aatgaacagc ctcagcagga aacacaacca 601 gcagaaggaa cctcaggggc aaccaccggg gttgtagctg ccagcagcat ggcaaccagt 661 ggagtgttgc ccgggggtgg ttttgtggcc agtgctgctg cagtcgcagg ccctgaaatg 721 cagactggcc gaaataactt tgtcatccgg cggaacccag ctgaccctca gcgcattccc 781 tccaaccctt cccaccgtat ccagtgtgca gcaggctacg agcaaagtga acacaacgtg 841 tgccaagaca tagacgagtg cactgcaggg acgcacaact gtagagcaga ccaagtgtgc 901 atcaatttac ggggatcctt tgcatgtcag tgccctcctg gatatcagaa gcgaggggag 961 cagtgcgtag acatagatga atgtaccatc cctccatatt gccaccaaag atgcgtgaat 1021 acaccaggct cattttattg ccagtgcagt cctgggtttc aattggcagc aaacaactat 1081 acctgcgtag atataaatga atgtgatgcc agcaatcaat gtgctcagca gtgctacaac 1141 attcttggtt cattcatctg tcagtgcaat caaggatatg agctaagcag tgacaggctc 1201 aactgtgaag acattgatga atgcagaacc tcaagctacc tgtgtcaata tcaatgtgtc 1261 aatgaacctg ggaaattctc atgtatgtgc ccccagggat accaagtggt gagaagtaga 1321 acatgtcaag atataaatga gtgtgagacc acaaatgaat gccgggagga tgaaatgtgt 1381 tggaattatc atggcggctt ccgttgttat ccacgaaatc cttgtcaaga tccctacatt 1441 ctaacaccag agaaccgatg tgtttgccca gtctcaaatg ccatgtgccg agaactgccc 1501 cagtcaatag tctacaaata catgagcatc cgatctgata ggtctgtgcc atcagacatc 1561 ttccagatac aggccacaac tatttatgcc aacaccatca atacttttcg gattaaatct 1621 ggaaatgaaa atggagagtt ctacctacga caaacaagtc ctgtaagtgc aatgcttgtg 1681 ctcgtgaagt cattatcagg accaagagaa catatcgtgg acctggagat gctgacagtc 1741 agcagtatag ggaccttccg cacaagctct gtgttaagat tgacaataat agtggggcca 1801 ttttcatttt agtcttttct aagagtcaac cacaggcatt taagtcagcc aaagaatatt 1861 gttaccttaa agcactattt tatttataga tatatctagt gcatctacat ctctatactg 1921 tacactcacc cataattcaa acaattacac catggtataa agtgggcatt taatatgtaa 1981 agattcaaag tttgtcttta ttactatatg taaattagac attaatccac taaactggtc 2041 ttcttcaaga gagctaagta tacactatct ggtgaaactt ggattctttc ctataaaagt 2101 gggaccaagc aatgatgatc ttctgtggtg cttaaggaaa cttactagag ctccactaac 2161 agtctcataa ggaggcagcc atcataacca ttgaatagca tgcaagggta agaatgagtt 2221 tttaactgct ttgtaagaaa atggaaaagg tcaataaaga tatatttctt tagaaaatgg 2281 ggatctgcca tatttgtgtt ggtttttatt ttcatatcca gcctaaaggt ggttgtttat 2341 tatatagtaa taaatcattg ctgtacaata tgctggtttc tgtagggtat ttttaatttt 2401 gtcagaaatt ttagattgtg aatattttgt aaaaaacagt aagcaaaatt ttccagaatt 2461 cccaaaatga accagatatc ccctagaaaa ttatactatt gagaaatcta tggggaggat 2521 atgagaaaat aaattccttc taaaccacat tggaactgac ctgaagaagc aaactcggaa 2581 aatataataa catccctgaa ttcaggactt ccacaagatg cagaacaaaa tggataaaag 2641 gtatttcact ggagaagttt taatttctaa gtaaaattta aatcctaaca cttcactaat 2701 ttataactaa aatttctcat cttcgtactt gatgctcaca gaggaagaaa atgatgatgg 2761 tttttattcc tggcatccag agtgacagtg aacttaagca aattaccctc ctacccaatt 2821 ctatggaata ttttatacgt ctccttgttt aaaatgtcac tgctttactt tgatgtatca 2881 tatttttaaa taaaaataaa tattccttta gaagatcaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human ELMO1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_014800 (gi: 86787650). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 136.

   1 aagtgagagc agcggcagcc ggcggtgcag cagccggccg acccagagtg taagtgcgtg   61 tgctggggcg agcgggagcg ggcgaggatg ggcacaggat agaggcagag ccacccacgc  121 cgccgcggcc ccacgctggg cgacagagcc tccagttccc cttcaatggt ggcgggtcgc  181 cggagctctg atcgccggga acccttgccg ctgctgtcct gcgaccccaa gcaggtatag  241 acacgtgtgg ccgtttacgc tgtaggatcc tcattcccac tggctttgaa cattttgggg  301 acttacaatg ccgccacccg cggacatcgt caaggtggcc atagaatggc cgggcgccta  361 ccccaaactc atggaaattg atcagaaaaa accactgtct gcaataataa aggaagtctg  421 tgatgggtgg tctcttgcca accatgaata ttttgcactc cagcatgccg atagttcaaa  481 cttctatatc acagaaaaga accgcaatga gataaaaaat ggcactatcc ttcgattaac  541 cacatctcca gctcagaacg cccagcagct ccatgaacga atccagtcct cgagtatgga  601 tgccaagctg gaagccctga aggacttggc cagcctctcc cgggatgtca cgtttgccca  661 ggagtttata aacctggacg gtatctctct cctcacgcag atggtggaga gcggcactga  721 gcgataccag aaattgcaga agatcatgaa gccttgcttt ggagacatgc tgtccttcac  781 cctgacggcc ttcgttgagc tgatggacca tggcatagtg tcctgggata cattttcggt  841 ggcgttcatt aagaagatag caagttttgt gaacaagtca gccatagaca tctcgatcct  901 gcagcggtcc ttggccattt tggagtcgat ggtgctcaat agccatgacc tctaccagaa  961 agtggcgcag gagatcacca tcggccagct cattccacac ctgcaagggt cagatcaaga 1021 aatccaaacc tatactattg cagtgattaa tgcgcttttc ctgaaggctc ctgatgagag 1081 gaggcaggag atggcgaata ttttggctca gaagcaactg cgttccatca ttttaacaca 1141 tgtcatccga gcccagcggg ccatcaacaa tgagatggcg caccagctgt atgttctaca 1201 agtgctcacc tttaacctcc tggaagacag gatgatgacc aaaatggacc cccaggacca 1261 ggctcagagg gacatcatat ttgaacttcg aagaattgct tttgatgctg agtctgaacc 1321 taacaacagc agtggcagca tggagaaacg caagtccatg tacacgcgag attataagaa 1381 gcttgggttc attaatcatg tcaaccctgc catggacttc acgcagactc cacctgggat 1441 gttggctctg gacaacatgc tgtactttgc caagcaccac caagatgcct acatccggat 1501 tgtgcttgag aacagtagtc gagaagacaa gcatgaatgt ccctttggcc gcagtagtat 1561 agagctgacc aagatgctat gtgagatctt gaaagtgggc gagttgccta gtgagacctg 1621 caacgacttc cacccgatgt tcttcaccca cgacagatcc tttgaggagt ttttctgcat 1681 ctgtatccag ctcctgaaca agacatggaa ggaaatgagg gcaacttctg aagacttcaa 1741 caaggtaatg caggtggtga aggagcaggt tatgagagca cttacaacca agcctagctc 1801 cctggaccag ttcaagagca aactgcagaa cctgagctac actgagatcc tgaaaatccg 1861 ccagtccgag aggatgaacc aggaagattt ccagtcccgc ccgattttgg aactaaagga 1921 gaagattcag ccagaaatct tagagctgat caaacagcaa cgcctgaacc gccttgtgga 1981 agggacctgc tttaggaaac tcaatgcccg gcggaggcaa gacaagtttt ggtattgtcg 2041 gctttcgcca aatcacaaag tcctgcatta cggagactta gaagagagtc ctcagggaga 2101 agtgccccac gattccttgc aggacaaact gccggtggca gatatcaaag ccgtggtgac 2161 gggaaaggac tgccctcata tgaaagagaa aggtgccctt aaacaaaaca aggaggtgct 2221 tgaactcgct ttctccatct tgtatgactc aaactgccaa ctgaacttca tcgctcctga 2281 caagcatgag tactgtatct ggacggatgg actgaatgcg ctactcggga aggacatgat 2341 gagcgacctg acgcggaatg acctggacac cctgctcagc atggaaatca agctccgcct 2401 cctggacctg gaaaacatcc agatccctga cgcacctccg ccgattccca aggagcccag 2461 caactatgac ttcgtctatg actgtaactg aagtggccgg gcccagacat gccccttcca 2521 aaactggaac acctagctaa caggagagag gaatgaaaac acacccacgc cttggaaccg 2581 tcctttggta aagggaagct gtgggtccac attcccttca gcatcacctc tagccctggc 2641 aactttcagc ccctagctgg catcttgctc accgccctga ttctgttcct cggctccact 2701 gcttcaggtc acttcccatg gctgcagtcc actggtggga caagagcaaa gcccactgcc 2761 agtaagaagg ccaaagggcc cttccatcct agccctctgc aggcatgccc ttccttccct 2821 tgggcaggaa agccagcagc cccagactgc ccaaaaactt gcccaccaga ccaagggcag 2881 tgccccaagg cccctgtctg gaggaaatgg cctagctatt tgatgagaag accaaacccc 2941 acatcctcct ttcccctctc tctagaatca tctcgcacca ccagttacac ttgaattaag 3001 atctgcgctc aaatctcctc ccacctctct ccctgctttt gccttgctct gttcctcttt 3061 ggtcccaaga gcagcagccg cagcctcctc gtgatcctcc ctagcataaa tttcccaaac 3121 agtccacagg tcccatgccc actttgcgtc tgcactgtga tcgtgacaaa tcttccctcc 3181 tcaccagcta gtctggggtt tcctctccct gccccaggcc agaactgcct tcttcatttc 3241 cacccacgct cccagcctct tagctgaaag cacaaatggt gaaatcagta gtctcgctcc 3301 atctctaata gactaaacct aaatgcctct aggacggact gttgctatcc aagcgtttgg 3361 tgttaccttc tcctgggagg tcctgctgca actcaagttc cacaggatgg tcaagctgtc 3421 agacatccaa gtttacatca ttgtaattat tactggtatt tacaatttgc aagagttttg 3481 ggttagtttt tttttttttt tttgctttgt ttttgtacaa aagagtctaa cattttttgc 3541 caaacagata tatatttaat gaaaagaaga gatacataaa tgtgtgaatt tccagttttt 3601 ttttaattat tttaatccca aacatcttcc tgaaaataac attcccttaa acatgctgtg 3661 gaataaaatg gattgtgatg atttggaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 3721 aaaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human FGFR2 is available as NCBI accession number NM_000141 (gi: 189083823). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 137.

   1 ggcggcggct ggaggagagc gcggtggaga gccgagcggg cgggcggcgg gtgcggagcg   61 ggcgagggag cgcgcgcggc cgccacaaag ctcgggcgcc gcggggctgc atgcggcgta  121 cctggcccgg cgcggcgact gctctccggg ctggcggggg ccggccgcga gccccggggg  181 ccccgaggcc gcagcttgcc tgcgcgctct gagccttcgc aactcgcgag caaagtttgg  241 tggaggcaac gccaagcctg agtcctttct tcctctcgtt ccccaaatcc gagggcagcc  301 cgcgggcgtc atgcccgcgc tcctccgcag cctggggtac gcgtgaagcc cgggaggctt  361 ggcgccggcg aagacccaag gaccactctt ctgcgtttgg agttgctccc cgcaaccccg  421 ggctcgtcgc tttctccatc ccgacccacg cggggcgcgg ggacaacaca ggtcgcggag  481 gagcgttgcc attcaagtga ctgcagcagc agcggcagcg cctcggttcc tgagcccacc  541 gcaggctgaa ggcattgcgc gtagtccatg cccgtagagg aagtgtgcag atgggattaa  601 cgtccacatg gagatatgga agaggaccgg ggattggtac cgtaaccatg gtcagctggg  661 gtcgtttcat ctgcctggtc gtggtcacca tggcaacctt gtccctggcc cggccctcct  721 tcagtttagt tgaggatacc acattagagc cagaagagcc accaaccaaa taccaaatct  781 ctcaaccaga agtgtacgtg gctgcgccag gggagtcgct agaggtgcgc tgcctgctga  841 aagatgccgc cgtgatcagt tggactaagg atggggtgca cttggggccc aacaatagga  901 cagtgcttat tggggagtac ttgcagataa agggcgccac gcctagagac tccggcctct  961 atgcttgtac tgccagtagg accgtagaca gtgaaacccg gtacctcatg gcgaatgtca 1021 cagatgccat ctcatccgga gatgatgagg atgacaccga tggtgcggaa gattttgtca 1081 gtgagaacag taacaacaag agagcaccat actggaccaa cacagaaaag acggaaaagc 1141 ggctccatgc tgtgcctgcg gccaacactg tcaagtttcg ctgcccagcc ggggggaacc 1201 caatgccaac catgcggtgg ctgaaaaacg ggaaggagtt taagcaggag catcgcattg 1261 gaggctacaa ggtacgaaac cagcactgga gcctcattat gqaaagtgtg gtcccatctg 1321 acaaqgqaaa ttatacctgt gtagtggaga atgaatacgg gtccatcaat cacacgtacc 1381 acctggatgt tgtggagcga tcgcctcacc ggcccatcct ccaagccgga ctgccggcaa 1441 atgcctccac agtggtcgga ggagacgtag agtttgtctg caaggtttac agtgatgccc 1501 agccccacat ccagtggatc aagcacgtgg aaaagaacgg cagtaaatac gggcccgacg 1561 ggctgcccta cctcaaggtt ctcaaggccg ccggtgtcaa caccacggac aaagagattg 1621 aggttctcta tattcggaat gtaacttttg aggacgctgg ggaatatacg tgcttggcgg 1681 gtaattctat tgggatatcc tttcactctg catggttgac agttctgcca gcgcctggaa 1741 gagaaaagga gattacagct tccccagact acctggagat agccatttac tgcatagggg 1801 tcttcttaat cgcctgtatg gtggtaacag tcatcctgtg ccgaatgaag aacacgacca 1881 agaagccaga cttcagcagc cagccggctg tgcacaagct gaccaaacgt atccccctgc 1921 ggagacaggt aacagtttcg gctgagtcca gctcctccat gaactccaac accccgctgg 1981 tgaggataac aacacgcctc tcttcaacgg cagacacccc catgctggca ggggtctccg 2041 agtatgaact tccagaggac ccaaaatggg agtttccaag agataagctg acactgggca 2101 agcccctggg agaaggttgc tttgggcaag tggtcatggc ggaagcagtg ggaattgaca 2161 aagacaagcc caaggaggcg gtcaccgtgg ccgtgaagat gttgaaagat gatgccacag 2221 agaaagacct ttctgatctg gtgtcagaga tggaqatgat gaagatgatt gggaaacaca 2281 agaatatcat aaatcttctt ggagcctgca cacaggatgg gcctctctat gtcatagttg 2341 agtatgcctc taaaggcaac ctccgagaat acctccgagc ccggaggcca cccgggatgg 2401 agtactccta tgacattaac cgtgttcctg aggagcagat gaccttcaag gacttggtgt 2461 catgcaccta ccagctggcc agaggcatgg agtacttggc ctcccaaaaa tgtattcatc 2521 gagatttagc agccagaaat gttttggtaa cagaaaaoaa tgtgatgaaa atagcagact 2581 ttggactcgc cagagatatc aacaatatag actattacaa aaagaccacc aatgggcggc 2641 ttccagtcaa gtggatggct ccagaagccc tgtttgatag agtatacact catcagagtg 2701 atgtctggtc cttcggggtg ttaatgtggg agatcttcac tttagggggc tcgccctacc 2761 cagggattcc cgtggaggaa ctctttaagc cgctgaagga aggacacaga atggataagc 2821 cagccaactg caccaacgaa ctgtacatga tgatgaggga ctgttggcat gcagtgccct 2881 cccagagacc aacgttcaag cagttggtag aagacttgga tcgaattctc actctcacaa 2941 ccaatgagga atacttggac ctcagccaac ctctcgaaca gtattcacct agttaccctg 3001 acacaagaag ttcttgttct tcaggagatg attctgtttt ttctccagac cccatgcctt 3061 acgaaccatg ccttcctcag tatccacaca taaacggcag tgttaaaaca tgaatgactg 3121 tgtctgcctg tccccaaaca ggacagcact gggaacctag ctacactgag cagggagacc 3181 atgcctccca gagcttgttg tctccacttg tatatatgga tcagaggagt aaataattgg 3241 aaaagtaatc agcatatgtg taaagattta tacagttgaa aacttgtaat cttccccagg 3301 aggagaagaa ggtttctgga gcagtggact gccacaagcc accatgtaac ccctctcacc 3361 tgccgtgcgt actggctgtg gaccagtagg actcaaggtg gacgcgcgtt ctgccttcct 3421 tgttaatttt gtaataattg gagaagattt atgtcagcac acacttacag agcacaaatg 3481 cagtatatag gtgctggatg tatgtaaata tattcaaatt atgtataaat atatattata 3541 tatttacaag gagttatttt ttgtattgat tttaaatgga tgtcccaatg cacctagaaa 3601 attggtctct ctttttttaa tagctatttg ctaaatgctg ttcttacaca taatttctta 3661 atttccaccg agcagaggtg gaaaaacact tttgctttca gggaaaatgg tataacgtta 3721 atttattaat aaattggtaa tatacaaaac aattaatcat ttatagtttt ttttgtaatt 3781 taagtggcat ttctatgcag gcagcacagc agactagtta atctattgct tggacttaac 3841 tagttatcag atcctttgaa aagagaatat ctacaatata tgactaattt ggggaaaatg 3901 aagttttgat ttatttgtgt ttaaatgctg ctgtcagacg attgctctta gacctcctaa 3961 atgccccata ttaaaagaac tcattcatag gaaggtgcct cattttggtg tgcaaccctg 4021 tcattacgtc aacgcaacgt ctaactggac ttcccaagat aaatggtacc agcgtcctct 4081 taaaagatgc cttaatccat tccttgagga cagaccttag ttgaaatgat agcagaatgt 4141 gcttctctct ggcagctggc cttctgcttc tgagttgcac attaatcaga ttagcctgta 4201 ttctcttcag tgaattttga taatggcttc cagactcttt ggcgttggag acgcctgtta 4261 ggatcttcaa gtcccatcat agaaaattga aacacagagt cgttctgccg atagtcttgg 4321 ggatacgtcc atctttttaa gggattgctt tcatctaatt ctggcaggac ctcaccaaaa 4381 gatccagcct catacctaca tcagacaaaa tatcgccgtt gttccttctg tactaaagta 4441 ttgtgttttg ctttggaaac acccactcac tttgcaatag ccgtgcaaga tgaatgcaga 4501 ttacactgat cttatgtgtt acaaaattgg agaaagtatt taataaaacc tgttaatttt 4561 catactgaca ataaaaatgt ttctacagat attaatgcca acaagacaaa ataaatgtca 4621 cgcaacttat ttttttaata aaaaaaaaaa aaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human FLRT1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_013280 (gi: 48762940). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 138.

   1 caaggaggct gctgattgtg gcccacagcc tcatctgaac gccaggagac caggataccg   61 aggcaccgga tcccctctct gtgccctggg gagccccagt gctgcccagt caccccaggg  121 ctgaggtctg cgtccctagt ggtgcaaggc ctggtaggac cacggggcag ggaatgtgag  181 cgccatctga gctcacggtg tcctgagtcg cggcttcgtg actttggcag gggcctccgg  241 accagtgacc ccagtcaaac ccagagggtc ttgggcggca gcgacgaagg aggtattcag  301 gctccaggcc aggtggggcc ggacgccccc agccatccac catggtggtg gcacacccca  361 ccgccactgc caccaccacg cccactgcca ctgtcacggc caccgttgtg atgaccacgg  421 ccaccatgga cctgcgggac tggctgttcc tctgctacgg gctcatcgcc ttcctgacgg  481 aggtcatcga cagcaccacc tgcccctcgg tgtgccgctg cgacaacggc ttcatctact  541 gcaacgaccg gggactcaca tccatccccg cagatatccc tgatgatgcc accaccctct  601 acctgcagaa caaccagatc aacaacgccg gcatccccca ggacctcaag accaaggtca  661 acgtgcaggt catctaccta tacgagaatg acctggatga gttccccatc aacctgcccc  721 gctccctccg ggagctgcac ctgcaggaca acaatgtgcg caccattgcc agggactcgc  781 tggcccgcat cccgctgctg gagaagctgc acctggatga caactccgtg tccaccgtca  841 gcattgagga ggacgccttc gccgacagca aacagctcaa gctgctcttc ctgagccgga  901 accacctgag cagcatcccc tcggggctgc cgcacacgct ggaggagctg cggctggatg  961 acaaccgcat ctccaccatc ccgctgcatg ccttcaaggg cctcaacagc ctgcggcgcc 1021 tggtgctgga cggtaacctg ctggccaacc agcgcatcgc cgacgacacc ttcagccgcc 1081 tacagaacct cacagagctc tcgctggtgc gcaattcgct ggccgcgcca cccctcaacc 1141 tgcccagcgc ccacctgcag aagctctacc tgcaggacaa tgccatcagc cacatcccct 1201 acaacacgct ggccaagatg cgtgagctgg agcggctgga cctgtccaac aacaacctga 1261 ccacgctgcc ccgcggcctg ttcgacgacc tggggaacct ggcccagctg ctgctcagga 1321 acaacccttg gttttgtggc tgcaacctca tgtggctgcg ggactgggtg aaggcacggg 1381 cggccgtggt caacgtgcgg ggcctcatgt gccagggccc tgagaaggtc cggggcatgg 1441 ccatcaagga cattaccagc gagatggacg agtgttttga gacggggccg cagggcggcg 1501 tggccaatgc ggctgccaag accacggcca gcaaccacgc ctctgccacc acgccccagg 156l gttccctgtt taccctcaag gccaaaaggc cagggctgcg cctccccgac tccaacattg 1621 actaccccat ggccacgggt gatggcgcca agaccctggc catccacgtg aaggccctga 1681 cggcagactc catccgcatc acgtggaagg ccacgctccc cgcctcctct ttccggctca 1741 gttggctgcg cctgggccac agcccagccg tgggctccat cacggagacc ttggtgcagg 1801 gggacaagac agagtacctg ctgacagccc tggagcccaa gtccacctac atcatctgca 1861 tggtcaccat ggagaccagc aatgcctacg tagctgatga gacacccgtg tgtgccaagg 1921 cagagacagc cgacagctat ggccctacca ccacactcaa ccaggagcag aacgctggcc 1981 ccatggcgag cctgcccctg gcgggcatca tcggcggggc agtggctctg gtcttcctct 2041 tcctggtcct gggggccatc tgctggtacg tgcaccaggc tggcgagctg ctgacccggg 2101 agagggccca caaccggggc agcaggaaaa aggatgacta tatggagtca gggaccaaga 2161 aggataactc catcctggaa atccgcggcc ctgggctgca gatgctgccc atcaacccgt 2221 accgcgccaa agaggagtac gtggtccaca ctatcttccc ctccaacggc agcagcctct 2281 gcaaggccac acacaccatt ggctacggca ccacgcgggg ctaccgggac ggcggcatcc 2341 ccgacataga ctactcctac acatgatgcc cgcccacccg ggctgccccg cctcagcccc 2401 agctgccctg gcgtggccat gtggcttcgc ccagcctgct gcaatccaag agagcaagga 2461 agagaaattc catgggtgac tttcctccgc agaaagcaaa gtttggggag ggctgacgat 2521 tttgtagaac acaacagtga caattttttt taaaagaata gaaggcagga gggggaattc 2581 gacattgttg aagacataat ttataccaag ttatgccagt tggggaggga aggactaaaa 2641 ataatattgc aggcagggct gggttgggtt tttttttttt cccccctgaa ctggaaggat 2701 actacctgta caacatctgt ggacacctca tgctctgttc aaggccatca caaaggaacc 2761 gccagggaga agcagccggc tctcaaagct cccacgcagc tctcccgcca ctggccactc 2821 gctggcgacc cgatggaagg ttttcaggct cctcacaaag gagagaggga agaaaagatc 2881 ttttgccctg gagatatggt cctgaaatct ctcccctggc ttattccata ccatttccct 2941 tgcagatttg cagaaacatg gcatctttca ctgcattctt tgaacaatca tgtagtcgat 3001 taaaaaaaaa aaacaaactt ttttttccta ggctgaagcc ctcttcagtt ccatgcacca 3061 cgctccgtag aagccccggc ggaagccgta gctttccctg ccacctggag gtgcatctgt 3121 ctgcctgtct atccctgtcg cggtgtctct aagtacagat gggtagatag agccacatgc 3181 acggtcctta ccgttcttct tgggtcagtt cttaccattt cctgaacaat agaattgtga 3241 aagtgttaaa aa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human FMOD is available as NCBI accession number NM_002023 (gi: 71040110). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 139.

   1 ggtctggcac aggcacgcac actctcagta gactctttca ctcctctctc tcttcctctc   61 tcacacgttc tccaacccaa ggaggccaga cagagggacg tggtcactct ctgaaaagtt  121 caacttgaga gacaaaatgc agtggacctc cctcctgctg ctggcagggc tcttctccct  181 ctcccaggcc cagtatgaag atgaccctca ttggtggttc cactacctcc gcagccagca  241 gtccacctac tacgatccct atgaccctta cccgtatgag acctacgagc cttaccccta  301 tggggtggat gaagggccag cctacaccta cggctctcca tcccctccag atccccgcga  361 ctgcccccag gagtgcgact gcccacccaa cttccccacg gccatgtact gtgacaatcg  421 caacctcaag tacctgccct tcgttccctc ccgcatgaag tatgtgtact tccagaacaa  481 ccagatcacc tccatccagg aaggcgtctt tgacaatgcc acagggctgc tctggattgc  541 tctccacggc aaccagatca ccagtgataa ggtgggcagg aaggtcttct ccaagctgag  601 gcacctggag aggctgtacc tggaccacaa caacctgacc cggatgcccg gtcccctgcc  661 tcgatccctg agagagctcc atctcgacca caaccagatc tcacgggtcc ccaacaatgc  721 tctggagggg ctggagaacc tcacggcctt gtacctccaa cacaatgaga tccaggaagt  781 gggcagttcc atgaggggcc tccggtcact gatcttgctg gacctgagtt ataaccacct  841 tcggaaggtg cctgatgggc tgccctcagc tcttgagcag ctgtacatgg agcacaacaa  901 tgtctacacc gtccccgata gctacttccg gggggcgccc aagctgctgt atgtgcggct  961 gtcccacaac agtctaacca acaatggcct ggcctccaac accttcaatt ccagcagcct 1021 ccttgagcta gacctctcct acaaccagct gcagaagatc cccccagtca acaccaacct 1081 ggagaacctc tacctccaag gcaataggat caatgagttc tccatcagca gcttctgcac 1141 cgtggtggac gtcgtgaact tctccaagct gcaggtgctg cgcctggacg ggaacgagat 1201 caagcgcagc gccatgcctg ccgacgcgcc cctctgcctg cgccttgcca gcctcatcga 1261 gatctgagca gccctggcac cgggtactgg gcggagagcc cccgtggcat ttggcttgat 1321 ggtttggttt ggcttttgct ggaaggtcca ggatggacca tgtgacagaa gtccacgggc 1381 accctctgta gtcttctttc ctgtaggtgg ggttaggggg ggcgatcagg gacaggcagc 1441 cttctgctga ggacataggc agaagctcac tcttttccag ggacagaagt ggtggtagat 1501 ggaaggatcc ctggatgttc caaccccata aatctcacgg ctcttaagtt cttcccaatg 1561 atctgaggtc acggaacttc aaaagtggca tgggcaatag tatataacca tacttttcta 1621 acaatccctg gctgtctgtg agcagcactt gacagctctc cctctgtgct gggctggtcg 1681 tgcagttact ctgggctccc atttgttgct tctcaaaata tacctcttgc ccagctgcct 1741 cttctgaaat ccacttcacc cactccactt tcctccacag atgcctcttc tgtgccttaa 1801 gcagagtcag gagaccccaa ggcatgtgag catctgccca gcaacctgtg gagacaaccc 1861 acactgtgtc tgagggtgaa aggacaccag gagtcacttc tatacctccc taacctcacc 1921 cctggaaagc caccagattg gaggtcacca gcatgatgat aatattcatg acctgatgtg 1981 ggaggagaca gccaacctca ggcttagatc aatgtatagg gctatatttt ggcagctggg 2041 tagctctttg aaggtggata agacttcaga agaggaaagg ccagactttg cttaccatca 2101 gcatctgcaa tgggccaaac acacctcaaa ttggctgagt tgagacagca gccccagtag 2161 ttccattctt gcccagcact ttctgcattc caaacagcat cctacctggg tttttatcca 2221 caaaggtagc ggccacatgg tttttaaagt atgagaaaca cagtttgtcc tctcctttta 2281 tccaagcagg aagattctat atcctgatgg tagagacaga ctccaggcag ccctggactt 2341 gctagcccaa agaaggagga tgtggttaat ctgtttcacc tggtttgtcc taaggccata 2401 gttaaaaagt accagctctg gctggggtcc gtgaagccca ggccaggcag ccaaatcttg 2461 cctgtgctgg gcatacaacc ctctgctttc acatctctga gctatatcct cattagtgaa 2521 ggtggctttt gctttatagt ttggctgggg agcacttaat tcttcccatt tcaaaaggta 2581 atgttgcctg gggcttaacc cacctgccct ttgggcaagg ttgggacaaa gccatctggg 2641 cagtcagggg caaggactgt tggaggagag ttagcccaag tataggctct gcccagatgc 2701 catcacatcc ctgatactgt gtatgctttg aagcaccttc cctgagaagg gaagagggga 2761 tctttggact acgttcttgg ctccagacct ggaatccaca aaagccaaac cagctcattt 2821 caacaaagga gctccgatgt gaggggcaag gctgccccct gccccagggc tcttcagaaa 2881 gcatctgcat gtgaacacca tcatgccttt ataaaggatc cttattacag gaaaagcatg 2941 agtggtggct aacctgacca ataaagttat tttatgattg catctaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 3001 aaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human GALNT7 is available as NCBI accession number NM_017423 (gi: 157502211). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 140.

   1 agagccggag gagggggaag gagggagggg agagcggtgg cggcggctgc gccgggctgt   61 gagtctctcg ccgccggagg aagatgaggc tgaagattgg gttcatctta cgcagtttgc  121 tggtggtggg aagcttcctg gggctagtgg tcctctggtc ttccctgacc ccgcggccgg  181 acgacccaag cccgctgagc aggatgaggg aagacagaga tgtcaatgac cccatgccca  241 accgaggcgg caatggacta gctcctgggg aggacagatt caaacctgtg gtaccatggc  301 ctcatgttga aggagtagaa gtggacttag agtctattag aagaataaac aaggccaaaa  361 atgaacaaga gcaccatgct ggaggagatt cccagaaags tatcatgcag aggcagtatc  421 tcacatttaa gcctcagaca ttcacctacc atgatcctgt gcttcgccca gggatcctcg  481 gtaactttga acccaaagaa cctgagcctc ctggagtggt tggtggccct ggagagaaag  541 ccaagccatt ggttttggga ccagaattca aacaagcaat tcaagccagc attaaagagu  601 ttggatttaa catggtggca agtgacatga tctcactgga ccgcagcgtc aatgacttac  661 gccaagaaga atgcaagtat tggcattatg atgaaaactt gctcacttcg agcgttgtca  721 ttgtcttcca taatgaagga tggtcaaccc tcatgagaac agtccacagt gtaattaaaa  781 ggactccaag gaaatattta gcagaaattg tgttaattga cgatttcagt aataaagaac  841 acttaaaaga aaaactggat gaatatatta agctgtggaa cggcctagcg aaggtatttc  901 gaaatgaaag aagggaaggt ttaattcaag cacgaagtat tggtgctcag aaggctaaac  961 ttggacaggt tttgatatac cttgatgccc actgtgaggt ggcagttaac tggtatgcac 1021 cacttgtagc tcccatatct aaggacagaa ccatttgcac tgtgccgctt atagatgtca 1081 taaatggcaa cacatatgaa attatacccc aagggggtgg tgatgaagat gggtatgccc 1141 gaggagcatg ggattggagt atgctctgga aacgggtgcc tctgacccct caagagaaga 1201 gactgagaaa gacaaaaact gaaccgtatc ggtccccagc catggctggg ggattatttg 1261 ccattgaacg agagttcttc tttgaattgg gtctctatga tccaggtctc cagatttggg 1321 gtggtgaaaa ctttgagatc tcatacaaga tatggcagtg tggtggcaaa ttattatttg 1381 ttccttgttc tcgtgttgga catatctacc gtcttgaggg ctggcaagga aatcctccgc 1441 ccatttatgt tgggtcttct ccaactctga agaattatgt tagagttgtg gaggtttggt 1501 gggatgaata taaagactac ttctatgcta gtcgtcctga atcgcaggca ttaccatatg 1561 gggatatatc ggagctgaaa aaatttcgag aagatcacaa ctgcaaaagt tttaagtggt 1621 tcatggaaga aatagcttat gatatcacct cacactaccc tttgccaccc aaaaatgttg 1681 actggggaga aatcagaggc ttcgaaactg cttactgcat tgatagcatg ggaaaaacaa 1741 atggaggctt tgttgaacta ggaccctgcc acaggatggg agggaatcag cttttcagaa 1801 tcaatgaagc aaatcaactc atgcagtatg accagtgttt gacaaaggga gctgatggat 1861 caaaagttat gattacacac tgtaatctaa atgaatttaa ggaatggcag tacttcaaga 1921 acctgcacag atttactcat attccttcag gaaagtgttt agatcgctca gaggtcctgc 1981 atcaagtatt catctccaat tgtgactcca gtaaaacgac tcaaaaatgg gaaatgaata 2041 acatccatag tgtttagaga gaaaaaaata aaccaataac ctacctactg acaagtaaat 2101 ttatacagga ctgaaaaccg cctgaaacct gctgcaacta ttgttattaa ctctgtatag 2161 ctccaaacct ggaacctcct gatcagtttg aaggacattg ataaactgtg attttacaat 2221 aacattatca tctgcagtta ctgtttacaa gactgctttt accttaaact ttgtagatgt 2281 ttacatcttt ttgttgtgtt ttaagatgat gttggtaatt tgtgccttta gctctgtttt 2341 attagacaga gttaaagcat gttgtcttct ttgggattac actcaggggt ctgaaaggca 2401 gtttgatttt tatttttaac acacttgaaa aaaggttgga gtagccagac tttcatatat 2461 aacttggtga ttatcaacct gttgtgtctt tatttaattt tacatctttt tgaagcactg 2521 ccacaggtta ttagccaagg tggccttcct tcacagtcat gctgcttttt tgaaaggtga 2581 atttcaacac atttagtgcc tctttcattt ctcagtatat atttcaagag cttgtgatga 2641 aatctatagg atggtaatga tggacttgtc acctgtatgg ggaatacttt tactactcag 2701 aaatgaattt atgtgctgcc atttgctata aagttgaact ttgtatggct tgaaaaagaa 2761 atgacaatat ggaacatccc aaggctgtcc catagggttg gaagttgtgt agcattcact 2821 cccttaccta ctggcattcc cagtgccctc tgtccatacc tacttctagg attgcaaagg 2881 agtcttccaa ctagagaaaa attgtccact gacatttggg atttactttt ctccaatacc 2941 tgccaataca gaaaactatt atcagttgtt attgttatcc cttgaaagcg agggtgacaa 3001 aaacaacaaa acaccgttat aaacacatca aaggttcatt ctgactgagg taagactttc 3061 caagcccttg ttagattagg ccttataaaa cttgtgtgca ttataaccta agctgtgcaa 3121 cctgtgaagc caagagtgaa ctgatgtttc atttatattt tcatccaaat gacattatct 3181 gcacgttttt aaaatttaaa aacaaaggac tatttaaaaa tacagtttat taacaaacgt 3241 gaactacttt ctgttacatt aggtgttccc tagtgtttct taatttcttt ttagaaagtg 3301 tatttttatt agtatttttc cggtgaacag aagatttgtt tggatttaaa catttactaa 3361 gacagtacct attaggaaaa ccaaatattg caaatggtca attcgatttt aatttctcaa 3421 aagatactct gttatccaga agattaaaat gcctacattg agtgcttaaa aaaaaaaaaa 3481 caactgtgat gatgtgagca gaatggcaag taagttaagc atttttgatc ctgtaatcat 3541 ggtatcatta caatgaaagg aattcacaaa ctactgccag aggaagtttg ttttttaatt 3601 taagagggaa atataaccta taaatttgtt tcttccaagc ttagctctta aatttggaga 3661 ctcaaagtta aacatcctca acagagtttt atttataatt ttgaattgtc aatttgtatt 3721 ttgctactga tctgtgatca accattttaa ctttcatctc tagggatgtt taacatttat 3781 aattgcaaaa taaaccaact ataaaaaaag aaactaagag agaattggta ctttaattac 3841 ttgtgtgttt gcaaataggc tccattttcc atgttgagta gattataacc ttattaacta 3901 tgcataggcc taagaaaggt ggcaatgaac tgtgcatgta aattttaaat gggtactttg 3961 tgcaattcgt taaaagaaga tactctatga atatgattct atatattgaa atcagaaaac 4021 ctaccaaaca aaaacatcag aagctgctgc cataatgact attttctact gtaggctgct 4081 ttggaaataa ttcccatatc cttgctttgt aagttggtaa tatcactatg catttctaca 4141 cattttataa atttgattta tgcagatttt gatacactgt atgtttctgt agaaattgta 4201 taaatattca aaattttatt aggataaatt tgagaaactt acgtatatct taattctggg 4261 ttgcttgttt tttaggtgac aaaaataaaa tattgtattt taattcaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 4321 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human GATM is available as NCBI accession number NM_001482 (gi: 126090880). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 141.

   1 ttgcgacgct cgggtctggg tccgggtccg gacgtgcaac agaagccgtc agtggccccg   61 ctggctaaaa aagggcaagc atcggaggct cgagccagcg gccgcggcgc ttcccgacag  121 ttcctaattc ggggcgctac gccggcccca ccacctgttc ccggcagcca atggggccgc  181 gqggggcggc cggggcggag cgcggctaca aaaggcctcg ggccccgcgc gcccgcccac  241 cccgctccgg gcgcgctctc gggaaggctt ggaccgacgc ggcccagagg ccaggaacat  301 tccgcgcgtg gaccagccgg gccagggcga tgctgcgggt gcggtgtctg cgcggcggga  361 gccgcggcgc cgaggcggtg cactacatcg gatctcggct tggacgaacc ttgacaggat  421 gggtgcagcg aactttccag agcacccagg cagctacggc ttcctcccgg aactcctgtg  481 cagctgacga caaagccact gagcctctgc ccaaggactg ccctgtctct tcttacaacg  541 aatgggaccc cttagaggaa gtgatagtgg gcagagcaga aaacgcctgt gttccaccgt  601 tcaccatcga ggtgaaggcc aacacatatg aaaagtactg gccattttac cagaagcaag  661 gagggcatta ttttcccaaa gatcatttga aaaaggctgt tgctgaaatt gaagaaatgt  721 gcaatatttt aaaaacggaa ggagtgacag taaggaggcc tgaccccatt gactggtcat  781 tgaagtataa aactcctgat tttgagtcta cgggtttata cagtgcaatg cctcgagaca  841 tcctgatagt tgtgggcaat gagattatcg aggctcccat ggcatggcgt tcacgcttct  901 ttgagtaccg agcgtacagg tcaattatca aagactactt ccaccgtggc gccaagtgga  961 caacagctcc taagcccaca atggctgatg agctttataa ccaggattat cccatccact 1021 ctgtagaaga cagacacaaa ttggctgctc agggaaaatt tgtgacaact gagtttgagc 1081 catgctttga tgctgctgac ttcattcgag ctggaagaga tatttttgca cagagaagcc 1141 aggttacaaa ctacctaggc attgaatgga tgcgtaggca tcttgctcca gactacagag 1201 tgcatatcat ctcctttaaa gatcccaatc ccatgcatat tgatgctacc ttcaacatca 1261 ttggacctgg tattgtgctt tccaaccctg accgaccatg tcaccagatt gatcttttca 1321 agaaagcagg atggactatc attactcctc caacaccaat catcccagac gatcatccac 1381 tctggatgtc atccaaatgg ctttccatga atgtcttaat gctagatgaa aaacgtgtta 1441 tggtggatgc caatgaagtt ccaattcaaa agatgtttga aaagctgggt atcactacca 1501 ctaaagttaa cattcgcaat gccaattccc tgggaggagg cttccattgc tggacctgcg 1561 atgtccggcg ccgaggcacc ttacagtcct acttggactg aacaggcctg atggagcttg 1621 tggctggcct cagatacacc taagaagctt aggggcaagg ttcattctcc tgctttaaaa 1681 agtgcatgaa ctgtagtgct ttaaacaatc atctccttaa caggggtcgt aagcctggtt 1741 tgcttctatt acttttcttt gacataaaga aaataacttc tgctaggtat tactctctac 1801 tcctaaagtt acctactatc tggcttcaag tataaaattt tggtgaatgt gtaccaagaa 1861 aaaattagtc acctgagtaa cttggccact aataattaac catctacctc tgtttttaat 1921 tttctttcca aaaggcagct tgaaatgttg gtcctaatct taattttttt tcctcttcta 1981 tagacttgag aatgtttttc tctaaatgag agaaagactt agaatgtaca cagatccaaa 2041 atagaatcag attatctctt tttttctaaa ggagagaaag acttagaaca tacacagatc 2101 ctaagtagaa ccaggtaatt gtcccttttt ctaataagga atttgggtaa tttttaattt 2161 tttgtttttt aaaaaataac ctagactatg caaaacatca aagtgaattt tccatgaatg 2221 tttttaatat tctcatctca acattgtgat atatgctact aaaaaccttt tcatatacat 2281 cttacctcat ttcaagtgaa ttattttaat ctttttctct ctttccaaaa atttaggaat 2341 gtttagtgta attggatttc gctatcagtt cccatcctta agttttgata ttcaatatct 2401 gatagataca ccgcatcttc ggtcatctaa gatctgttta caaatgtgca aattacttag 2461 agcatagact ttataagcat taaaaaaaac taatggaggt aaaacctaaa tgcgatgtga 2521 aataatttta gtgttgatac cgtatgtgta tttttattct aataaacttt tgtgttccag 2581 attgaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human HGD is available as NCBI accession number NM_000187 (gi: 115527116). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:142.

   1 ccacagttcc tttccccgat agcttcaaat tctctgcctt ttgaaataag cctactttta   61 actggaataa ataattggtc aatctctacc tcaggtgaag aggaaccaag cctctggaaa  121 cacttaggaa caaactgtaa aaaccaaagg caattgtgta accggttaaa taagcttgct  181 ggactttgtc cctgtgtatg agttagacaa ttctttcagc tagtttgagt gacgcactga  241 ccagtgaagc gcagtgaagc agtgggaacc ggaatatcca aagagtggtt tgaaggagaa  301 agaagcattg tggctttata tcctctgggc ctgggtttcc tgaagtcacc acacatagag  361 gagagagaaa atggctgagt taaagtacat ttctggattt gggaatgagt gttcttcaga  421 ggatcctcgc tgcccaggtt ccctgccaga aggacagaat aatcctcagg tctgccccta  481 caatctctat gctgagcagc tctcaggatc ggctttcact tgtccacgga gcaccaataa  541 gagaagctgg ctgtatagga ttctaccttc agtttctcac aagcccttcg aatccattga  601 cgaaggccaa gtcactcaca actgggatga agttgatcct gatcctaacc agcttagatg  661 gaaaccattt gagattccaa aagcatctca gaagaaagta gactttgtga gtggcctgca  721 taccttgtgt ggagctggag acataaagtc taacaatggg cttgctatcc acattttcct  781 ctgcaatacc tccatggaga acagatgctt ttacaattca gatggggact tcttgattgt  841 tccgcagaaa gggaaccttc tcatttacac cgagtttggc aagatgcttg tacagcccaa  901 tgagatctgc gtcattcaga gaggaatgcg gttcagcata gatgtctttg aggagaccag  961 gggctacatc ttggaggtct atggtgtcca ctttgagtta cctgaccttg gaccaattgg 1021 ggccaatggc ttggccaatc ctcgtgattt cttgataccc attgcctggt atgaggatcg 1081 ccaagtacca ggtggttaca cggtcattaa taaataccag ggcaagctgt ttgctgccaa 1141 acaggatgtc tccccgttca atgttgcggc ctggcacggg aattatacac cctacaagta 1201 caacctgaag aatttcatgg ttatcaactc agtggccttt gaccatgcag acccatccat 1261 tttcacagta ttgactgcta agtctgtccg ccctggagtg gccattgctg attttgtcat 1321 cttcccacct cgatgggggg ttgctgataa gaccttcagg cctccttatt accataggaa 1381 ctgcatgagt gagttcatgg gactcatccg aggtcactat gaggcaaagc aaggtgggtt 1441 cctgccaggg ggagggagtc tacacagcac aatgaccccc catggacctg acgctgactg 1501 ctttgagaag gccagcaagg tcaagctggc acctgagagg attgccgatg gcaccatggc 1561 atttatgttt gaatcatctt taagtctggc ggtcacaaag tggggactca aggcctccag 1621 gtgtttggat gagaactacc acaagtgctg ggagccactc aagagccact tcactcccaa 1681 ctccaggaac ccagcagaac ctaattgaga ctggaacatt gctaccataa ttaagagtag 1741 atttgtgaag atttcttcag aatctcatgc tttctggtag tattggagga gggggttggt 1801 taaaatgaaa attcactttt catagtcaag taactcagaa cttttatgga aacgcatttg 1861 caaagttcta tggctgtcac cttaattact caataaactt gctggtgttc tgtggacgta

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human HMGA2 is available as NCBI accession number NM_003483 (gi: 62912480). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 143.

   1 cttgaatctt ggggcaggaa ctcagaaaac ttccagcccg ggcagcgcgc gcttggtgca   61 agactcagga gctagcagcc cgcccccctc cgactctccg gtgccgccgc tgcctgctcc  121 cgccacccta ggaggcgcgg tgccacccac tactctgtcc tctgcctgtg ctccgtgccc  181 gaccctatcc cggcggagtc tccccatcct cctttgcttt ccgactgccc aaggcacttt  241 caatctcaat ctcttctctc tctctccctc tctctctctc tctctctctc tctctctctc  301 tctccctctc gcagggtggg gggaagagga ggaggaattc cctccccgcc taacatttca  381 agggacacaa ttcactccaa gtctcttccc tttccaagcc gcttccgaag tgctcccggt  421 gcccgcaact cctgatccca acccgcgaga ggagcctctg cgacctcaaa gcctctcttc  481 cttctccctc gcttccctcc tcctcttgct acctccacct ccaccgccac ctccacctcc  541 ggcacccacc caccgccgcc gccgccaccg gcagcgcctc ctcctctcct cctcctcctc  601 ccctcttctc tttttggcag ccgctggacg tccggtgttg atggtggcag cggcggcagc  661 ctaagcaaca gcagccctcg cagcccgcca gctcgcgctc gccccgccgg cgtccccagc  721 cctatcacct catctcccga aaggtgctgg gcagctccgg ggcggtcgag gcgaagcggc  781 tgcagcggcg gtagcggcgg cgggaggcag gatgagcgca cgcggtgagg gcgcggggca  841 gccgtccact tcagcccagg gacaacctgc cgccccagcg cctcagaaga gaggacgcgg  901 ccgccccagg aagcagcagc aagaaccaac cggtgagccc tctcctaaga gacccagggg  961 aagacccaaa ggcagcaaaa acaagagtcc ctccaaagca gctcaaaaga aagcagaagc 1021 cactggagaa aaacggccaa gaggcagacc taggaaatgg ccacaacaag ttgttcagaa 1081 gaagcctgct caggaggaaa ctgaagagac atcctcacaa gagtctgccg aagaggacta 1141 gggggcgcca acgttcgatt tctacctcag cagcagttgg atcttttgaa gggagaagac 1201 actgcagtga ccactcattc tgtattgcca tggtcttccc actttcatct ggggtggggt 1261 ggggtggggc gggggagggg ggggtggggt ggggagaaat cacataacct taaaaaggac 1321 tatattaatc accttctttg taatcccttc acagtcccag gtttagtgaa aaactgctgt 1381 aaacacaggg gacacagctt aacaatgcaa cttttaatta ctgttttctt ttttcttaac 1441 ctactaatag tttgttgatc tgataagcaa gagtgggcgg gtgagaaaaa ccgaattggg 1501 tttagccaat cactgcactg catgcaaaca agaaacgtgt cacacttgtg acgtcgggca 1561 ttcatatagg aagaacgcgg tgtgtaacac tgtgtacacc ccaaatacca ccccaaccca 1621 ctccctgtag tgaatcctct gtttagaaca ccaaagataa ggactagata ctactttctc 1681 tttttcgtat aatcttgtag acacttactt gatgattttt aactttttat ttctaaatga 1741 gacgaaatgc tgatgtatcc tttcattcag ctaacaaact agaaaaggtt atgttcattt 1801 ttcaaaaagg gaagtaagca aacaaatatt gccaactcct ctatttatgg atatcacaca 1861 tatcagcagg agtaacaaat ttactcacag cacttgtttt caggacaaca cctcattttc 1921 aggaaatcta cttcctacag agccaaaatg ccatttagca ataaataaca cttgtcagcc 1981 tcagagcatt taaggaaact agacaagtaa aattatcctc tttgtaattt aatgaaaagg 2041 tacaacagaa taatgcatga tgaactcacc taactatgag gtgggaggag cgaaatctaa 2101 atttcttttg ctatagttat acatcaattt aaaaagcaaa aaaaaaaaag gggggggcaa 2161 tctctctctg tgtctttctc tctctccctt cctctccctc cctcttttca ttgtgtatca 2221 gtttccatga aagacctgaa taccacttac ctcaaattaa gcatatgtgt tacttcaagt 2281 aatacgtttt gacataagat ggttgaccaa ggtgcttttc ttcggcttga gttcaccatc 2341 tcttcattca aactgcactt ttagccagag atgcaatata tccccactac tcaatactac 2401 ctctgaatgt tacaacgaat ttacagtcta gtacttacta catgctgcta tacacaagca 2461 atgcaagaaa aaaacccact gggcaggtga ttctaatcat ctgcagttct tcttgtacac 2521 ttaattacag ttaaagaagc aatctcctta ctgtgtttca gcatgactat gtatttttct 2581 atgttttttt aattaaaaat ttttaaaata cttgtttcag cttctctgct agatttctac 2641 attaacttga aaatttttta accaagtcgc tcctaggttc ttaaggataa ttttcctcaa 2701 tcacactaca catcacacaa gatttgactg taatatttaa atattaccct ccaagtctgt 2761 acctcaaatg aattctttaa ggagatggac taattgactt gcaaagacct acctccagac 2821 ctcaaaagga atgaacttgt tacttgcagc attcatttgt tttttcaatg tttgaaatag 2881 ttcaaactgc agctaaccct agtcaaaact atttttgtaa aagacatttg atagaaagga 2941 acacgttttt acatactttt gcaaaataag caaataacaa ataaaataaa agccaacctc 3001 caaagaaact tgaagctttg taggcgagat gcaacaagcc ctgctcttgc ataatgcaat 3061 caaaaatatg tgtttttaag attagttgaa tataagaaaa tgcttgacaa atattttcat 3121 gtattttaca caaatgtgat ttttgtaata tgtctcaacc agatttattt taaacgcttc 3181 ttatgtagag tttttatgcc tttctctcct agtgsgtgtg ctgacttttt aacatggtat 3241 tatcaactgg gccaggaggt agtttctcat gacggctttt gtcagtatgg cttttagtac 3301 tgaagccaaa tgaaactcaa aaccatctct cttccagctg cttcagggag gtagtttcaa 3361 aggccacata cctctctgag actggcagat cgctcactgt tgtgaatcac caaaggagct 3421 atggagagaa ttaaaactca acattactgt taactgtgcg ttaaataagc aaataaacag 3481 cggctcataa aaataaaagt cgcattccat atctttggat gggcctttta gaaacctcat 3541 cggccagccc ataaaatgga agcaattgct catgttggcc aaacatggtg caccgagtga 3601 tttccatctc tggtaaagtt acacttttat ttcctgtatg ttgtacaatc aaaacacact 3661 actacctctt aagtcccagt atacctcatt tttcatactg aaaaaaaaag cttgtggcca 3721 atggaacagt aagaacatca taaaattttt atatatatag tttattttcg tgggagataa 3781 atttcatagg actgttcttc gctgttgttg gtcgcagcta cataagactg gacatttaac 3841 ttttctacca tctctgcaag ttaggtatgt ttgcaggaga aaagtatcaa gacgtctaac 3901 tgcagttgac tttctccctg ttcctttgag tgtcttctaa ctttattctt tgttctttat 3961 gtagaattgc tgtctatgat tgtactttga atcgcttgct tgttgaaaat atttctctag 4021 cgtattatca ctgtctgttc tgcacaataa acataacagc ctctgtgatc cccatgtgtt 4081 ttgattcctg ctctttgtta cagttccatt aaatgagtaa taaagtttgg tcaaaacaga 4141 aaaaaaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human IGFBP6 is available as NCBI accession number NM_002178 (gi: 49574524). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 144.

   1 gcggcggcgg gcagcagctg cgctgcgact gctctggaag gagaggacgg ggcacaaacc   61 ctgaccatga ccccccacag gctgctgcca ccgctgctgc tgctgctagc tctgctgctc  121 gctgccagcc caggaggcgc cttggcgcgg tgcccaggct gcgggcaagg ggtgcaggcg  181 ggttgtccag ggggctgcgt ggaggaggag gatggggggt cgccagccga gggctgcgcg  241 gaagctgagg gctgtctcag gagggagggg caggagtgcg gggtctacac ccctaactgc  301 gccccaggac tgcagtgcca tccgcccaag gacgacgagg cgcctttgcg ggcgccgctg  361 ctcggccgag gccgctgcct tccggcccgc gcgcctgctg ttgcagagga gaatcctaag  421 gagagtaaac cccaagcagg cactgcccgc ccacaggatg cgaaccgcag agaccaacag  481 aggaatccag gcacctctac cacgccctcc cagcccaatt ctgcgggtgt ccaagacact  541 gagatgggcc catgccgtag acatctggac tcagtgctgc agcaactcca gactgaggtc  601 taccgagggg ctcaaacact ctacgtgccc aattgtgacc atcgaggctt ctaccggaag  661 cggcagtgcc gctcctccca ggggcagcgc cgaggtccct gctggtgtgt ggatcggatg  721 ggcaagtccc tgccagggtc tccagatggc aatggaagct cctcctgccc cactgggagc  781 agcggctaaa gctgggggat agaggggctg cagggccact ggaaggaaca tggagctgtc  841 atcactcaac aaaaaaccga ggccctcaat ccaccttcag gccccgcccc atgggcccct  901 caccgctggt tggaaagagt gttggtgttg gctggggtgt caataaagct gtgcttgggg  961 tcgccgaaaa aaaaaaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human KIT is available as NCBI accession number NM_000222 (gi: 148005048). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 145.

   1 tctgggggct cggctttgcc gcgctcgctg cacttgggcg agagctggaa cgtggaccag   61 agctcggatc ccatcgcagc taccgcgatg agaggcgctc gcggcgcctg ggattttctc  121 tgcgttctgc tcctactgcc tcgcgtccag acaggctctt ctcaaccatc tgtgagtcca  181 ggggaaccgt ctccaccatc catccatcca ggaaaatcag acttaatagt ccgcgtgggc  241 gacgagatta ggctgttatg cactgatccg ggctttgtca aatggacttt tgagatcctg  301 gatgaaacga atgagaataa gcagaatgaa tggatcacgg aaaaggcaga agccaccaac  361 accggcaaat acacgtgcac caacaaacac ggcttaagca attccattta tgtgtttgtt  421 agagatcctg ccaagctttt ccttgttgac cgctccttgt atgggaaaga agacaacgac  481 acgctggtcc gctgtcctct cacagaccca gaagtgacca attattccct caaggggtgc  541 caggggaagc ctcttcccaa ggacttgagg tttattcctg accccaaggc gggcatcatg  601 atcaaaagtg tgaaacgcgc ctaccatcgg ctctgtctgc attgttctgt ggaccaggag  661 ggcaagtcag tgctgtcgga aaaattcatc ctgaaagtga ggccagcctt caaagctgtg  721 cctgctgtgt ccgtgtccaa agcaagctat cttcttaggg aaggggaaga attcacagtg  781 acgtgcacaa taaaagatgt gtctagttct gtgtactcaa cgtggaaaag agaaaacagt  841 cagactaaac tacaggagaa atataatagc tggcatcacg gtgacttcaa ttatgaacgt  901 caggcaacgt tgactatcag ttcagcgaga gttaatgact ctggagtgtt catgtgttac  961 gccaataata cttttggatc agcaaatgtc acaacaacct tggaagtagt agataaagga 1021 ttcattaata tcttccccat gacaaacact acagtatccg taaacgatgg agaaaatgta 1081 gatttgattg ttgaatatga agcattcccc aaacctgaac accagcagtg gatctatatg 1141 aacagaacct tcactgataa atgggaagat tatcccaagt ctgagaatga aagtaatatc 1201 agatacgtaa gtgaacttca tctaacgaga ttaaaaggca ccgaaggagg cacttacaca 1261 ttcctagtgt ccaattctga cgtcaatgct gccatagcat ttaatgttta tgtgaataca 1321 aaaccagaaa tcctgactta cgacaggctc gtgaatggca tgctccaatg tgtggcagca 1381 ggattcccag agcccacaat agattggtat ttttgtccag gaactgagca gagatgctct 1441 gcttctgtac tgccagtgga tgtgcagaca ctaaactcat ctgggccacc gtttggaaag 1501 ctagtggttc agagttctat agattctagt gcattcaagc acaatggcac ggttgaatgt 1561 aaggcttaca acgatgtggg caagacttct gcctatttta actttgcatt taaaggtaac 1621 aacaaagagc aaatccatcc ccacaccctg ttcactcctt tgctgattgg tttcgtaatc 1681 gtagctggca tgatgtgcat tattgtgatg attctgacct acaaatattt acagaaaccc 1741 atgtatgaag tacagtggaa ggttgttgag gagataaatg gaaacaatta tgtttacata 1801 gacccaacac aacttcctta tgatcacaaa tgggagtttc ccagaaacag gctgagtttt 1861 gggaaaaccc tgggtgctgg agctttcggg aaggttgttg aggcaactgc ttatggctta 1921 attaagtcag atgcggccat gactgtcgct gtaaagatgc ccaagccgag tgcccacttg 1981 acagaacggg aagccctcat gtctgaactc aaagtcctga gttaccttgg taatcacatg 2041 aatattgtga atctacttgg agcctgcacc attggagggc ccaccctggt cattacagaa 2101 tattgttgct atggtgatct tttgaatttt ttgagaagaa aacgtgattc atttatttgt 2161 tcaaagcagg aagatcatgc agaagctgca ctttataaga atcttctgca ttcaaaggag 2221 tcttcctgca gcgatagtac taatgagtac atggacatga aacctggagt ttcttatgtt 2281 gtcccaacca aggccgacaa aaggagatct gtgagaatag gctcatacat agaaagagat 2341 gtgactcccg ccatcatgga ggatgacgag ttggccctag acttagaaga cttgctgagc 2401 ttttcttacc aggtggcaaa gggcatggct ttcctcgcct ccaagaattg tattcacaga 2461 gacttggcag ccagaaatat cctccttact catggtcgga tcacaaagat ttgtgatttt 2521 ggtccagcca gagacatcaa gaatgattct aattatgtgg ttaaaggaaa cgctcgacta 2581 cctgtgaagt ggatggcacc tgaaagcatt ttcaactgtg tatacacgtt tgaaagtgac 2641 gtctggtcct atgggatttt tctttgggag ctgttctctt taggaagcag cccctatcct 2701 ggaatgccgg tcgattctaa gttctacaag atgatcaagg aaggcttccg gatgctcagc 2761 cctgaacacg cacctgctga aacgtatgac ataatgaaga cttgctggga tgcagatccc 2821 ctaaaaagac caacactcaa gcaaattgtt cagctaaccg agaagcagat ttcagagagc 2881 accaatcata tttactccaa cttagcaaac tgcagcccca accgacagaa gcccgtggta 2941 gaccattctg tgcggatcaa ttctgtcggc agcaccgctt cctcctccca gcctctgctt 3001 gtgcacgacg atgtctgagc agaatcagtg tttgggtcac ccctccagga atgatctctt 3061 cttttggctt ccatgatggt tattttcttt tctttcaact tgcatccaac tccaggatag 3121 tgggcacccc actgcaatcc tgtctttctg agcacacttt agtggccgat gatttttgtc 3181 atcagccacc atcctattgc aaaggttcca actgtatata ttcccaatag caacgtagct 3241 tctaccatga acagaaaaca ttctgatttg gaaaaagaga gggaggtatg gactgggggc 3301 cagagtcctt tccaaggctt ctccaattct gcccaaaaat atggttgata gtttacctga 3361 ataaatggta gtaatcacag ttggccttca gaaccatcca tagtagtatg atgatacaag 3421 attagaagct gaaaacctaa gtcctttatg tggaaaacag aacaccatta gaacaaagga 3481 cagagtatga acacctgggc ttaagaaatc tagtatttca tgctgggaat gagacatagg 3541 ccatgaaaaa aatgatcccc aagtgtgaac aaaagatgct cttctgtgga ccactgcatg 3601 agcttttata ctaccgacct ggtttttaaa tagagtttgc tattagagca ttgaattgga 3661 gagaaggcct ccctagccag cacttgtata tacgcatcta taaattgtcc gtgttcatac 3721 atttgagggg aaaacaccat aaggtttcgt ttctgtatac aaccctggca ttatgtccac 3781 tgtgtataga agtagattaa gagccatata agtttgaagg aaacagttaa taccattttt 3841 taaggaaaca atataaccac aaagcacagt ttgaacaaaa tctcctcttt tagctgatga 3901 acttattctg tagattctgt ggaacaagcc tatcagcttc agaatggcat tgtactcaat 3961 ggatttgatg ctgtttgaca aagttactga ttcactgcat ggctcccaca ggagtgggaa 4021 aacactgcca tcttagtttg gattcttatg tagcaggaaa taaagtatag gtttagcctc 4081 cttcgcaggc atgtcctgga caccgggcca gtatctatat atgtgtatgt acgtttgtat 4141 gtgtgtagac aaatatttgg aggggtattt ttgccctgag tccaagaggg tcctttagta 4201 cctgaaaagt aacttggctt tcattattag tactgctctt gtttcttttc acatagctgt 4261 ctagagtagc ttaccagaag cttccatagt ggtgcagagg aagtggaagg catcagtccc 4321 tatgtatttg cagttcacct gcacttaagg cactctgcta tttagactca tcttactgta 4381 cctgttcctt agaccttcca taatgctact gtctcaccga aacatttaaa tcttaccctt 4441 cagactgtag cctggatatt attcttgtag tttacctctt taaaaacaaa acaaaacaaa 4501 acaaaaaact ccccttcctc actgcccaat ataaaaggca aatgtgtaca tggcagagtt 4561 tgtgtgttgt cttgaaagat tcaggtatgt tgcctttatg gtttccccct tctacatttc 4621 ttagactaca tttagagaac tgtggccgtt atctggaagt aaccatttgc actggagttc 4681 tatgctctcg cacctttcca aagttaacag attttggggt tgtgttgtca cccaagagat 4741 tgttgtttgc catactttgt ctgaaaaatt cctttgtgtt tctattgacc tcaatgatag 4801 taagaaaagt ggttgttagt tatagatgtc taggtacttc aggggcactt cattgagagt 4861 tttgtcttgg atattcttga aagtttatat ttttataatt ttttcttaca tcagatgttt 4921 ctttgcagtg gcttaatgtt tgaaattatt ttgtggcttt ttttgtaaat attgaaatgt 4981 agcaataatg tcttttgaat attcccaagc ccatgagtcc ttgaaaatat tttttatata 5041 cacagtaact ttatgtgtaa atacataagc ggcgtaagtt taaaggatgt tggtgttcca 5101 cgtgttttat tcctgtatgt tgtccaattg ttgacagttc tgaagaattc taataaaatg 5161 tacatatata aatcaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human LRP4 is available as NCBI accession number NM_002334 (gi: 157384997). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 146.

   1 gcggcggcgg cccgagggcg acttgcgggg cgcgcaggcc gccgtgcacc cgggacgctt   61 ccccctcggg gaccctccgc gggcttctcc gccgcgccgt ccggcgggag ccggcgggac  121 cccgggcgag cggcgcgggc ggcaccatga ggcggcagtg gggcgcgctg ctgcttggcg  181 ccctgctctg cgcacacggc ctggccagca gccccgagtg tgcttgtggc cggagccact  241 tcscatgtgc agtgagtgct cttggagagt gtacctgcat ccctgcccag tggcagtgtg  301 atggagacaa tgactgcggg gaccacagcg atgaggatgg atgtatacta cctacctgtt  361 cccctcttga ctttcactgt gacaatggca agtgcatccg ccgctcctgg gtgtgtgacg  421 gggacaacga ctgtgaggat gactcggatg agcaggactg tcccccccgg gagtgtgagg  481 aggacgagtt tccctgccag aatggctact gcatccggag tctgtggcac tgcgatggtg  541 acaatgactg tggcgacaac agcgatgagc agtgtgacat gcgcaagtgc tccgacaagg  601 agttccgccg tagtgacgga agctgcattg ctgagcattg gtactgcgac ggtgacaccg  661 actgcaaaga tggctccgat gaggagaact gtccctcagc agtgccagcg cccccctgca  721 acctggagga gttccagtgt gcctatggac gctgcatcct cgacatctac cactgcgatg  781 gcgacgatga ctgtggagac tggtcagacg agtctgactg ctcctcccac cagccctgcc  841 gctctgggga gttcatgtgt gacagtggcc tgtgcatcaa tgcaggctgg cgctgcgatg  901 gtgacgcgga ctgtgatgac cagtctgatg agcgcaactg caccacctcc atgtgtacgg  961 cagaacagtt ccgctgtcac tcaggccgct gtgtccgcct gtcctggcgc tgtgatgggg 1021 aggacgactg tgcagacaac agcgatgaag agaactgtga gaatacagga agcccccaat 1081 gtgccttgga ccagttcctg tgttggaatg ggcgctgcat tgggcagagg aagctgtgca 1141 acggggtcaa cgactgtggt gacaacagcg acgaaagccc acagcagaat tgccggcccc 1201 ggacgggtga ggagaactgc aatgttaaca acggtggctg tgcccagaag tgccagatgg 1261 tgcggggggc agtgcagtgt acctgccaca caggctaccg gctcacagag qatgggcaca 1321 cgtgccaaga tgtgaatgaa tgtgccgagg aggggtattg cagccagggc tgcaccaaca 1381 gcgaaggggc tttccaatgc tggtgtgaaa caggctatga actacggccc gaccggcgca 1441 gctgcaaggc tctggggcca gagcctgtgc tgctgttcgc caatcgcatc gacatccggc 1501 aggtgctgcc acaccgctct gagtacacac tgctgcttaa caacctggag aatgccattg 1561 cccttgatct ccaccaccgc cgcgagcttg tcttctggtc agatgtcacc ctggaccgga 1621 tcctccgtgc caacctcaac ggcagcaacg tggaggaggt tgtgtctact gggctggaga 1681 gcccaggggg cctggccgtg gattgggtcc atgacaaact ctaccggacc gactcaggca 1741 cctcgaggat tgaggtggcc aatctggatg gggcccaccg gaaagtgttg ctgtggcaga 1801 acctggagaa gccccgggcc attgccttgc atcccatgga gggtaccatt tactggacag 1861 actggggcaa caccccccgt attgaggcct ccagcatgga tggctctgga cgccgcatca 1921 ttgccgatac ccatctcttc tggcccaatg gcctcaccat cgactatgcc gggcgccgta 1981 tgtactgggt ggatgctaag caccatgtca tcgagagggc caatctggat gggagtcacc 2041 gtaaggctgt cattagccag ggcctcccgc atcccttcgc catcacagtg tttgaagaca 2101 gcctgtactg gacagactgg cacaccaaga gcatcaatag cgctaacaaa tttacgggga 2161 agaaccagga aatcattcgc aacaaactcc acttccctat ggacatccac accttgcacc 2221 cccagcgcca acctgcaggg aaaaaccgct gtggggacaa caacggaggc tgcacgcacc 2281 tgtgtctgcc cagtggccag aactacacct gtgcctgccc cactggcttc cgcaagatca 2341 gcagccacgc ctgtgcccag agtcttgaca agttcctgct ttttgcccga aggatggaca 2401 tccgtcgaat cagctttgac acagaggacc tgtctgatga tgtcatccca ctggctgacg 2461 tgcgcagtgc tgtggccctt gactgggact cccgggatga ccacgtgtac tggacagatg 2521 tcagcactga taccatcagc agggccaagt gggatggaac aggacaggag gtggtagtgg 2581 ataccagttt ggagagccca gctggcctgg ccactgattg ggtcaccaac aaactgtact 2641 ggacagatgc aggtacagac cggattgaag tagccaacac agatggcagc atgagaacag 2701 tactcatctg ggagaacctt gatcgtcctc gggacatcgt ggtggaaccc atgggcgggt 2761 acatgtattg gactgactgg ggtgcgagcc ccaagattga acgagctggc atggatgcct 2821 caggccgcca agtcattatc tcttctaatc tgacctggcc taatgggtta gctattgatt 2881 atgggtccca gcgtccatac tgggctgacg ccggcatgaa gacaattgaa tctgctggac 2941 tggatggcag taagaggaag gtgctgattg gaagccagct cccccaccca tttgggctga 3001 ccctctatgg agagcgcatc tattggactg actggcagac caagagcata cagagcgctg 3061 accggctgac agggctggac cgggagactc tgcaggagaa cctggaaaac ctaatggaca 3121 tccatgtctt ccaccgccgc cggcccccag tgtctacacc atgtgctatg gagaatggcg 3181 gctgtagcca cctgtgtctt aggtccccaa atccaagcgg actcagctgc acctgcccca 3241 caggcatcaa cctgctgtct gatggcaaga cctgctcacc aggcatgaac agtttcctca 3301 tcttcgccag gaggatagac attcgcatgg tctccctgga catcccttat tttgctgatg 3361 tggtggtacc aatcaacatt accatgaaga acaccattgc cattggagta gacccccagg 3421 aaggaaaggt gtactggtct gacagcacac tgcacaggat cagtcgtgcc aatctggatg 3481 gctcacagca tgaggacatc atcaccacag ggctacagac cacagatggg cccgcggttg 3541 atgccattgg ccggaaagta tactggacag acacgggaac aaaccggatt gaagtgggca 3601 acctggacgg gtccatgcgg aaagtgttgg tgtggcagaa ccttgacagt ccccgggcca 3661 tcgtactgta ccatgagatg gggtttatgt actggacaga ctggggggag aatgccaagt 3721 tagagcggtc cggaatggat ggctcagacc gcgcggtgct catcaacaac aacctaggat 3781 ggcccaatgg actgactgtg gacaaggcca gctcccaact gctatgggcc gatgcccaca 3841 ccgagcgaat tgaggctgct gacctgaatg gtgccaatcg gcatacattg gtgtcaccgg 3901 tgcagcaccc atatggcctc accctgctcg actcctatat ctactggact gactggcaga 3961 ctcggagcat ccaccgtgct gacaagggta ctggcagcaa tgtcatcctc gtgaggtcca 4021 acctgccagg cctcatggac atgcaggctg tggaccgggc acagccacta ggttttaaca 4081 agtgcggccc gagaaacggc ggctgctccc acctctgctt gcctcggcct cctggcttcc 4141 cctgtgcccg ccccactggc atccagctga agggagatgg gaagacctgt gatccctctc 4201 ctgagaccta cctgctcttc tccagccgtg gctccatccg gcgtatctca ctggacacca 4261 gtgaccacac cgatgtgcat gtccctgttc ctgagctcaa caatgtcatc tccctggact 4321 atgacagcgt ggatggaaag gtctattaca cagatgtgtt cctggatgtt atcaggcgag 4381 cagacctgaa cggcagcaac atggagacag tgaccgggcg agggctgaag accactgacg 4441 ggctggcagt ggactgggtg gccaggaacc tgtactggac agacacaggt cgaaatacca 4501 ttgaggcgtc caggctggat ggttcctgcc gcaaagtact gatcaacaat agcctggatg 4561 agccccgggc cattgctgtt ttccccagga aggggtacct cttctggaca gactggggcc 4621 acattgccaa gatcgaacgg gcaaacttgg atggttctga gcggaaggtc ctcatcaaca 4681 cagacctggg ttggcccaat ggccttaccc tggactatga tacccgcagg acctactggg 4741 tggatgcgca tctggaccgg atcgagagtg ctgacctcaa tgggaaactg cggcaggtct 4801 tggtcagcca tgtgtcccac ccctttgccc tcacacagca agacaggtgg atctactgga 4861 cagactggca gaccaagtca atccagcgtg ttgacaaata ctcaggccgg aacaaggaga 4921 cagtgctggc aaatgtggaa ggactcatgg atatcatcgt ggtttcccct cagcggcaga 4981 cagggaccaa tgcctgtggt gtgaacaatg gtggctgcac ccacctctgc tttgccagag 5041 cctcggactt cgtatgtgcc tgtcctgacg aacctgatag ccggccctgc tcccttgtgc 5101 ctggcctggt accaccagct cctagggcta ctggcatgag tgaaaagagc ccagtgctac 5161 ccaacacacc acctaccacc ttgtattctt caaccacccg gacccgcacg tctctggagg 5221 aggtggaagg aagatgctct gaaagggatg ccaggctggg cctctgtgca cgttccaatg 5281 acgctgttcc tgctgctcca ggggaaggac ttcatatcag ctacgccatt ggtggactcc 5341 tcagtattct gctgattttg gtggtgattg cagctttgat gctgtacaga cacaaaaaat 5401 ccaagttcac tgatcctgga atggggascc tcacctacag caacccctcc taccgaacat 5461 ccacacagga agtgaagatt gaagcaatcc ccaaaccagc catgtacaac cagctgtgct 5521 ataagaaaga gggagggcct gaccataact acaccaagga gaagatcaag atcgtagagg 5581 gaatctgcct cctgtctggg gatgatgctg agtgggatga cctcaagcaa ctgcgaagct 5641 cacggggggg cctcccccgg gatcatgtat gcatgaagac agacacggtg tccatccagg 5701 ccagctctgg ctccccggat gacacagaga cggagcagct gttacaggaa gagcagtctg 5761 agtgtagcag cgtccatact gcagccactc cagaaagacg aggctctctg ccagacacgg 5821 gctggaaaca tgaacgcaag ctctcctcag agagccaggt ctaaatgccc acattctctt 5881 ccctgcctgc ctgttccttc tcctttatgg acgtctagtc cttgtgctcg cttacaccgc 5941 aggccccgct tctgtgtgct tgtcctcctc ctcctcccac cccataactg ttcctaagcc 6001 ttcaccggag ctgtttacca cgtgagccca taactacctg cgcacaagaa atgatggcac 6061 atcacgagaa tttagacctg gattttacca tgaacctcac atcttgtact ccatcctggg 6121 ccccctgaaa ctgcttattc gtgattcctc accagcgtag agctccacct cccctttccc 6181 cagtaccctc agtgcctgct tctcagtgct gatgcagctg atgacccagg actgcgctct 6241 gccccatcac agccagcatg actgcttctc tgagagaact tgcccatcag gggctgggac 6301 atgggggtgt gggtaaagac agggatgaag gatagaggct gagagaagaa ggaagaatca 6361 gcccagcagg tatgggcatc tgggaaacct ccagcctcaa gtgtgttggt aacatgaaaa 6421 agctttgggg ggtagttgga tctgggtgtc tggtccattg ctggcagtgg acattattct 6481 tgccctaaga gacactgcct tttcagcagc agatactggt gagatggggg tggctcaggc 6541 tgttcttcct cctcctagaa tgtctggagc tgtttctaca ttcagataac tgggtcccct 6601 atcacaaggc tactggctaa taggaactcc ctcccggtgc caccactggc cagtaccttt 6661 cctaagtctt tgctcaaatt aaccaggttg tgagccagtg gcttgagtga atgttaggcc 6721 ttgggggctg agtctctgaa aagtctaaga agctctgcct agaccaaata tggtatacct 6781 cctgacccct ctctccctca tgtcctggga ttctggggaa gagacctaga aacaagcttt 6841 caaagaaaaa ccagaagttg tcataaatgg tcagaaagaa cgatcaggtt ggagacttgg 6901 gaaacccagg gcctaaagag aagtatccat gagggtcaaa cttcctgttg aacttcctat 6961 gttctttctc aagtgctcag ggatctaagt tagtggacag caagcctgtg gctacggggt 7021 ggtgatgttc ctcttccagc tgtcccctca gctaaggggc ttagtttcca tgtgggatgc 7081 catcacttgg ttcatgctca ttcacacaaa gggcacgtgt ctcagcctgg tatcagggaa 7141 attgagactt atttttgccc taaaacgtct ccctagctgt tcttcgtggg gtttttttgt 7201 ttgtcttttt gcctaatttg ctttttctga ccaagccttg tggcaccagc aatctccaaa 7261 gtcctgtggt gggagggctg aataaataaa aatacaaaga ggtgggtaag gagtaggaag 7321 gtagagagca ccactgatga ggccctccta gcccatggca gacccagacc tcttctcccc 7381 caggaattag aagtggcagg agagaacaac aggggctggg aatggagggg agaatttcta 7441 ggggaagttc cctgagttga aacttctcct gtggttactg gtattgagaa atcagctacc 7501 aaagtgaaaa aggacaagat caactctttt ctagtcagtt ctaagactgc tagagagaga 7561 taccaggccc ttagccttgc tctcagtagc gtcagcccca gttctgagcc tccccacatt 7621 acacttaaca agcagtaaag gagtgagcac tttgggtcct tagactcatg tctggggagg 7681 aagagcaagt agaaaagtgg cattttcttg attggaaagg gggaaggatc ttattgcact 7741 tgggctgttc agaatgtaga aaggacatat ttgaggaagt atctatttga gcactgattt 7801 actctgtaaa aagcaaaatc tctctgtcct aaactaatgg aagcgattct cccatgctca 7861 tgtgtaatgg ttttaacgtt actcactgga gagattggac tttctggagt tatttaacca 7921 ctatgttcag tattttagga ctttatgata atttaatata aatttagctt ttcttaatca 7981 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human MATN2 is available as NCBI accession number NM_002380 (gi: 62548859). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 147.

   1 gcgagcgaag ggagcgctct gggatgggac ttggagcaag cggcggcggc ggagacagag   61 gcagaggcag aagctggggc tccgtcctcg cctcccacga gcgatccccg aggagagccg  121 cggccctcgg cgaggcgaag aggccgacga ggaagacccg ggtggctgcg cccctgcctc  181 gcttcccagg cgccggcggc tgcagccttg cccctcttgc tcgccttgaa aatggaaaag  241 atgctcgcag gctgctttct gctgatcctc ggacagatcg tcctcctccc tgcagaggcc  301 agggagcggt cacgtgggag gtccatctct aggggcagac acgctcggac ccacccgcag  361 acggcccttc tggagagttc ctgtgagaac aagcgggcag acctggtttt catcattgac  421 agctctcgca gtgtcaacac ccatgactat gcaaaggcca aggagctcat cgtggacatc  481 ttgcaattct tggacattgg tcctgatgtc acccgagtgg gcatgctaaa atatggcagc  541 actgtcaaga atgagttctc cctcaagacc ttcaagagga agtccgaggt ggagcgtgat  601 gtcaagagga tgcggcatct gtccacgggc accatgactg ggctggccat ccagtatgcc  661 ctgaacatcg cattctcaga agcagagggg gcccggcccc tgagggagaa tgtgccacgg  721 gtcataatga tcgtgacaga tgggagacct caggactccg tggccgaggt ggctgctaag  781 gcacgggaca cgggcatcct aatctttgcc attggtgtgg gccaggtaga cttcaacacc  841 ttgaagtcca ttgggagtga gccccatgag gaccatgtct tccttgtggc caatttcagc  901 cagattgaga cgctgacctc cgtgttccag aagaagttgt gcacggccca catgtgcagc  961 accctggagc ataactgtgc ccacttctgc atcaacatcc ctggctcata cgtctgcagg 1021 tgcaaacaag gctacattct caactcggat cagacgactt gcagaatcca ggatctgtgt 1081 gccatggagg accacaactg tgagcagctc tgtgtgaatg tgccgggctc cttcgtctgc 1141 cagtgctaca gtggctacgc cctggctgag gatgggaaga ggtgtgtggc tgtggactac 1201 tgtgcctcag aaaaccacgg atgtgaacat gagtgtgtaa atgctgatgg ctcctacctt 1261 tgccagtgcc atgaaggatt tgctcttaac ccagataaaa aaacgtgcac aaagatagac 1321 tactgtgcct catctaatca cggatgtcag cacgagtgtg ttaacacaga tgattcctat 1381 tcctgccact gcctgaaagg ctttaccctg aatccagata agaaaacctg cagaaggatc 1441 aactactgtg cactgaacaa accgggctgt gagcatgagt gcgtcaacat ggaggagagc 1501 tactactgcc gctgccaccg tggctacact ctggacccca atggcaaaac ctgcagccga 1561 gtggaccact gtgcacagca ggaccatggc tgtgagcagc tgtgtctgaa cacggaggat 1621 cccttcgtct gccagtgctc agaaggcttc ctcatcaacg aggacctcaa gacctgctcc 1681 cgggtggatt actgcctgct gagtgaccat ggttgtgaat actcctgtgt caacatggac 1741 agatcctttg cctgtcagtg tcctgaggga cacgtgctcc gcagcgatgg gaagacgtgt 1801 gcaaaattgg actcttgtgc tctgggggac cacggttgtg aacattcgtg tgtaagcagt 1861 gaagattcgt ttgtgtgcca gtgctttgaa ggttatatac tccgtgaaga tggaaaaacc 1921 tgcagaagga aagatgtctg ccaagctata gaccatggct gtgaacacat ttgtgtgaac 1981 agtgatgact catacacgtg cgagtgcttg gagggattcc ggctcgctga ggatgggaaa 2G41 cgctgccgaa ggaaggatgt ctgcaaatca acccaccatg gctgcgaaca catttgtgtt 2101 aataatggga attcctacat ctgcaaatgc tcagagggat ttgttctagc tgaggacgga 2161 agacggtgca agaaatgcac tgaaggccca attgacctgg tctttgtgat cgatggatcc 2221 aagagtcttg gagaagagaa ttttgaggtc gtgaagcagt ttgtcactgg aattatagat 2281 tccttgacaa tttcccccaa agccgctcga gtggggctgc tccagtattc cacacaggtc 2341 cacacagagt tcactctgag aaacttcaac tcagccaaag acatgaaaaa agccgtggcc 2401 cacatgaaat acatgggaaa gggctctatg actgggctgg ccctgaaaca catgtttgag 2461 agaagtttta cccaaggaga aggggccagg cccctttcca caagggtgcc cagagcagcc 2521 attgtgttca ccgacggacg ggctcaggat gacgtctccg agtgggccag taaagccaag 2581 gccaatggta tcactatgta tgctgttggg gtaggaaaag ccattgagga ggaactacaa 2641 gagattgcct ctgagcccac aaacaagcat ctcttctatg ccgaagactt cagcacaatg 2701 gatgagataa gtgaaaaact caagaaaggc atctgtgaag ctctagaaga ctccgatgga 2761 agacaggact ctccagcagg ggaactgcca aaaacggtcc aacagccaac agaatctgag 2821 ccagtcacca taaatatcca agacctactt tcctgttcta attttgcagt gcaacacaga 2881 tatctgtttg aagaagacaa tcttttacgg tctacacaaa agctttccca ttcaacaaaa 2941 ccttcaggaa gccctttgga agaaaaacac gatcaatgca aatgtgaaaa ccttataatg 3001 ttccagaacc ttgcaaacga agaagtaaga aaattaacac agcgcttaga agaaatgaca 3061 cagagaatgg aagccctgga aaatcgcctg agatacagat gaagattaga aatcgcgaca 3121 catttgtagt cattgtatca cggattacaa tgaacgcagt gcagagcccc aaagctcagg 3181 ctattgttaa atcaataatg ttgtgaagta aaacaatcag tactgagaaa cctggtttgc 3241 cacagaacaa agacaagaag tatacactaa cttgtataaa tttatctagg aaaaaaatcc 3301 ttcagaattc taagatgaat ttaccaggtg agaatgaata agctatgcaa ggtattttgt 3361 aatatactgt ggacacaact tgcttctgcc tcatcctgcc ttagtgtgca atctcatttg 3421 actatacgat aaagtttgca cagtcttact tctgtagaac actggccata ggaaatgctg 3481 tttttttgta ctggacttta ccttgatata tgtatatgga tgtatgcata aaatcatagg 3541 acatatgtac ttgtggaaca agttggattt tttatacaat attaaaattc accacttcag 3601 agaatggtat tcagtgcaaa aattcttagt ttaactttaa atggaagata tgtatgtatg 3661 agaaatggcc aacatgccta tgaaaaaaat gctgaatctc atcagtaatc aggaaaatgc 3721 aggttaaaac aataccattt ttcacccatc agcttagcaa aaatgagtat attttttaac 37S1 aagtgttggt aaggatgtgg aaatgtgagg ttcttgtagt aagaatgcaa atggcactct 3841 ttgtagagta agtctgttga catctcataa aactgaaaat gcacacaacc ctgtaaatct 3901 agcaactgca ctcagttgat ttcagcccat acatacaaag agacctgcat aagaatgtta 3961 ctaggctttg taaaagcaaa aaataaggaa caacttaaac atcatcagaa ggggaactga 4021 taaactctgg tgtaatccat accacagaaa tacaacaccg catgtacagg aatgtgctac 4081 atctatacaa ataaatggtc aaactcaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human MET is available as NCBI accession number NM_001127500 (gi: 188595715). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 148.

   1 gccctcgccg cccgcggcgc cccgagcgct ttgtgagcag atgcggagcc gagtggaggg   61 cgcgagccag atgcggggcg acagctgact tgctgagagg aggcggggag gcgcggagcg  121 cgcgtgtggt ccttgcgccg ctgacttctc cactggttcc tgggcaccga aagataaacc  181 tctcataatg aaggcccccg ctgtgcttgc acctggcatc ctcgtgctcc tgtttacctt  241 ggtgcagagg agcaatgggg agtgtaaaga ggcactagca aagtccgaga tgaatgtgaa  301 tatgaagtat cagcttccca acttcaccgc ggaaacaccc atccagaatg tcattctaca  361 tgagcatcac attttccttg gtgccactaa ctacatttat gttttaaatg aggaagacct  421 tcagaaggtt gctgagtaca agactgggcc tgtgctggaa cacccagatt gtttcccatg  481 tcaggactgc agcagcaaag ccaatttatc aggaggtgtt tggaaagata acatcaacat  541 ggctctagct gtcgacacct actatgatga ccaactcact agctgcggca gcgtcaacag  601 agggacctgc cagcgacatg tctttcccca caatcatact gctgacatac agtcggaggt  661 tcactgcata ttctccccac agatagaaga gcccagccag tgtcctgact gtgtggtgag  721 cgccctggga gccaaagtcc tttcatctgt aaaggaccgg ttcatcaact tctttgtagg  781 caataccata aattcttctt atttcccaga tcatccattg cattcgatat cagtgagaag  841 gctaaaggaa acgaaagatg gttttacgtt tttgacggac cagtcctaca ttgatgcttt  901 acctgagttc agagattctt accccattaa gtatgtccat gcctttgaaa gcaacaattt  961 tatttacttc ttgacggtcc aaagggaaac tctagatgct cagacttttc acacaagaat 1021 aatcaggttc tgttccataa actctggatt gcattcctac atggaaatgc ctctggagtg 1081 tattctcaca gaaaagagaa aaaagagatc cacaaagaag gaagtgttta atatacttca 1141 ggctgcgtat gtcagcaagc ctggggccca gcttgctaga caaacaggag ccagcctgaa 1201 tgatgacatt cttttcgggg tgttcgcaca aagcaagcca gattctgccg aaccaatgga 1261 tcgatctgcc atgtgtgcat tccctatcaa atatgtcaac gacttcttca acaagatcgt 1321 caacaaaaac aatgtgagat gtctccagca tttttacgga cccaatcatg agcactgctt 1381 taataggaca cttctgagaa attcatcagg ctgtgaagcg cgccgtgatg aatatcgaac 1441 agagcttacc acagctttgc agcgcgccga cttattcatg ggtcaattca gcgaagccct 1501 cttaacatct atatccacct tcattaaagg agacctcacc atagctaatc ttgggacatc 1561 agagggtcgc ttcatgcagg ttgtggtttc tcgatcagga ccatcaaccc ctcatgtgaa 1621 ttttctcctg gactcccatc cagtgtctcc agaagtgact gtggagcata cattaaacca 1681 aaatggctac acactggtta tcactgggaa gaagatcacg aagatcccat tgaatggctt 1741 gggctgcaga catttccagt cccgcagtca atgcctccct gccccaccct ttgttcagtg 1801 tggctggtgc cacgacaaat gtgtgcgatc ggaggaatgc ctgagcggga catggactca 1861 acagatctgt ctgcctgcaa tctacaaggt tttcccaaat agtgcacccc ttgaaggagg 1921 gacaaggctg accatatgtg gctgggactt tggatttcgg aggaataata aatttgattt 1981 aaagaaaact agagttctcc ttggaaatga gagctgcacc ttgactttaa gtgagagcac 2041 gatgaataca ttgaaatgca cagttggtcc tgccatgaat aagcatttca atatgtccat 2101 aattatttca aatggccacg ggacaacaca atacagtaca ttctcctatg tggatcctgt 2161 aataacaagt atttcgccga aatacggtcc tatggctggt ggcactttac ttactttaac 2221 tggaaattac ctaaacagtg ggaattctag acacatttca attggtggaa aaacatgtac 2281 tttaaaaagt gtgtcaaaca gtattcttga atgttatacc ccagcccaaa ccatttcaac 2341 tgagtttgct gttaaattga aaattgactt agccaaccga gagacaagca tcttcagtta 2401 ccgtgaagat cccattgtct atgaaattca tccaaccaaa tcttttatta gtacttggtg 2461 gaaagaacct cccaacattg tcagttctct attttgcttt gccagtggtg ggagcacaat 2521 aacaggtgtt gggaaaaacc tgaattcagt tagtgtcccg agaatggtca taaatgtgca 2581 tgaagcagga aggaacttta cagtggcatg tcaacatcgc tctaattcag agataatctg 2641 ttgtaccact ccttccctgc aacagctgaa tctgcaactc cccctgaaaa ccaaagcctt 2701 tttcatgtta gatgggatcc ttcccaaata ctttgatctc atttatgtac ataatcctgt 2761 gtttaagcct tttgaaaagc cagtgatgat ctcaatgggc aatgaaaatg tactggaaat 2821 taagggaaat gatattgacc ctgaagcagt taaaggtgaa gtgttaaaag ttggaaataa 2881 gagctgtgag aatatacact tacattctga agccgtttta tgcacggtcc ccaatgacct 2941 gctgaaattg aacagcgagc taaatataga gtggaagcaa gcaatttctt caaccgtcct 3001 tggaaaagta atagttcaac cagatcagaa tttcacagga ttgattgctg gtgttgtctc 3061 aatatcaaca gcactgttat tactacttgg gtttttcctg tggctgaaaa agagaaagca 3121 aattaaagat ccgggcagtg aattagctcg ctacgatgca agagtacaca ctcctcattt 3181 ggataggctt gtaagtgccc gaagtgtaag cccaactaca gaaatggttt caaatgaatc 3241 tgtagactac cgagctactt ttccagaaga tcagtttcct aattcatctc agaacggttc 3301 atgccgacaa gtgcagtatc ctctgacaga catgtccccc atcctaacta gtggggactc 3361 tgatatatcc agtccattac tgcaaaatac tgtccacatt gacctcagtg ctctaaatcc 3421 agagctggcc caggcagtgc agcatgtagt gattgggccc agtagcctga tcgtgcattc 3481 caatgaagcc ataggaagag ggcattttgg ttgtgtatat catgggactt tgttggacaa 3541 tgatggcaag aaaattcact gtgctgtgaa atccttgaac agaatcactg acataggaga 3601 agtttcccaa tttctgaccg agggaatcat catgaaagat tttagtcatc ccaatgtcct 3661 ctcgctcctg ggaatctgcc tgcgaagtga agggtctccg ctggtggtcc taccacacat 3721 gaaacatgga gatcttcgaa atttcactcg aaatgagact cataatccaa ctgtaaaaga 3781 tcttattggc tttggtcttc aagtagccaa aggcatgaaa tatcttgcaa gcaaaaagtt 3841 tgtccacaga gacttggctg caagaaactg tatgctggat gaaaaattca cagtcaaggt 3901 tgctgatttt ggtcttgcca gagacatgta tgataaagaa tactatagtg tacacaacaa 3961 aacaggtgca aagctgccag tgaagtggat ggctttggaa agtctgcaaa ctcaaaagtt 4021 taccaccaag tcagatgtgt ggtcctttgg cgtgctcctc tgggagctga tgacaagagg 4081 agccccacct tatcctgacg taaacacctt tgatataact gtttacttgt tgcaagggag 4141 aagactccta caacccgaat actgcccaga ccccttatat gaagtaatgc taaaatgctg 4201 gcaccctaaa gccgaaatgc gcccatcctt ttctgaactg gtgtcccgga tatcagcgat 4261 cttctctact ttcattgggg agcactatgt ccatgtgaac gctacttatg tgaacgtaaa 4321 atgtgtcgct ccgtatcctt ctctgttgtc atcagaagat aacgctgatg atgaggtgga 4381 cacacgacca gcctccttct gggagacatc atagtgctag tactatgtca aagcaacagt 4441 ccacactttg tccaatggtt ttttcactgc ctgaccttta aaaggccatc gatattcttt 4501 gctcttgcca aaattgcact attataggac ttgtattgtt atttaaatta ctggattcta 4561 aggaatttct tatctgacag agcatcagaa ccagaggctt ggtcccacag gccacggacc 4621 aatggcctgc agccgtgaca acactcctgt catattggag tccaaaactt gaattctggg 4681 ttgaattttt taaaaatcag gtaccacttg atttcatatg ggaaattgaa gcaggaaata 4741 ttgagggctt cttgatcaca gaaaactcag aagagatagt aatgctcagg acaggagcgg 4801 cagccccaga acaggccact catttagaat tctagtgttt caaaacactt ttgtgtgttg 4861 tatggtcaat aacatttttc attactgatg gtgtcattca cccattaggt aaacattccc 4921 ttttaaatgt ttgtttgttt tttgagacag gatctcactc tgttgccagg gctgtagtgc 4981 agtggtgtga tcatagctca ctgcaacctc cacctcccag gctcaagact aaagaataga 5041 tgggactaca ggcgcacacc accatccccg gctaattttt gtattttttg tagagacggg 5101 gttttgccat gttgccaagg ctggtttcaa actcctggac tcaagaaatc cacccacctc 5161 agcctcccaa agtgctagga ttacaggcat gagccactgc gcccagccct tataaatttt 5221 tgtatagaca ttcctttggt tggaagaata tttataggca atacagtcaa agtttcaaaa 5281 tagcatcaca casaacatgt ttataaatga acaggatgta atgtacatag atgacattaa 5341 gaaaatttgt atgaaataat ttagtcatca tgaaatattt agttgtcata taaaaaccca 5401 ctgtttgaga atgatgctac tctgatctaa tgaatgtgaa catgtagatg ttttgtgtgt 5461 atttttttaa atgaaaactc aaaataagac aagtaatttg ttgataaata tttttaaaga 5521 taactcagca tgtttgtaaa gcaggataca ttttactaaa aggttcattg gttccaatca 5581 cagctcatag gtagagcaaa gaaagggtgg atggattgaa aagattagcc tctgtctcgg 5641 tggcaggttc ccacctcgca agcaattgga aacaaaactt ttggggagtt ttattttgca 5701 ttagggtgtg ttttatgtta agcaaaacat actttagaaa caaatgaaaa aggcaattga 5761 aaatcccagc tatttcacct agatggaata gccaccctga gcagaacttt gtgatgcttc 5821 attctgtgga attttgtgct tgctactgta tagtgcatgt ggtgtaggtt actctaactg 5881 gttttgtcga cgtaaacatt taaagtgtta tattttttat aaaaatgttt atttttaatg 5941 atatgagaaa aattttgtta ggccacaaaa acactgcact gtgaacattt tagaaaaggt 6001 atgtcagact gggattaatg acagcatgat tttcaatgac tgtaaattgc gataaggaaa 6061 tgtactgatt gccaatacac cccaccctca ttacatcatc aggacttgaa gccaagggtt 6121 aacccagcaa gctacaaaga gggtgtgtca cactgaaact caatagttga gtttggctgt 6181 tgttgcagga aaatgattat aactaaaagc tctctgatag tgcagagact taccagaaga 6241 cacaaggaat tgtactgaag agctattaca atccaaatat tgccgtttca taaatgtaat 6301 aagtaatact aattcacaga gtattgtaaa tggtggatga caaaagaaaa tctgctctgt 6361 ggaaagaaag aactgtctct accagggtca agagcatgaa cgcatcaata gaaagaactc 6421 ggggaaacat cccatcaaca ggactacaca cttgtatata cattcttgag aacactgcaa 6481 tgtgaaaatc acgtttgcta tttataaact tgtccttaga ttaatgtgtc tggacagatt 6541 gtgggagtaa gtgattcttc taagaattag atacttgtca ctgcctatac ctgcagctga 6601 actgaatggt acttcgtatg ttaatagttg ttctgataaa tcatgcaatt aaagtaaagt 6661 gatgcaacat cttgtaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human MYH10 is available as NCBI accession number NM_005964 (gi: 41406063). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:149.

   1 actgaggcgc tggatctgtg gtcgcggctg gggacgtgcg cccgcgccac catcttcggc    61 tgaagaggca attgcttttg gatcgttcca tttacaatgg cgcagagaac tggactcgag   121 gatccagaga ggtatctctt tgtggacagg gctgtcatct acaaccctgc cactcaagct   181 gattggacag ctaaaaagct agtgtggatt ccatcagaac gccatggttt tgaggcagct   241 agtatcaaag aagaacgggg agatgaagtt atggtggagt tggcagagaa tggaaagaaa   301 gcaatggtca acaaagatga tattcagaag atgaacccac ctaagttttc caaggtggag   361 gatatggcag aattgacatg cttgaatgaa gcttccgttt tacataatct gaaggatcgc   421 tactattcag gactaatcta tacttattct ggactcttct gtgtagttat aaacccttac   481 aagaatcttc caatttactc tgagaatatt attgaaatgt acagagggaa gaagcgtcat   541 gagatgcctc cacacatcta tgctatatct gaatctgctt acagatgcat gcttcaagat   601 cgtgaggacc agtcaattct ttgcacgggt gagtcaggtg ctgggaagac agaaaataca   661 aagaaagtta ttcagtacct tgcccatgtt gcttcttcac ataaaggaag aaaggaccat   721 aatattcctg gggaacttga acggcagctt ttgcaagcaa atccaattct ggaatcattt   781 ggaaatgcga agactgtgaa aaatgataac tcatctcgtt ttggcaaatt tattcggatc   841 aactttgatg taactggcta tatcgttggg gccaacattg aaacatacct tctggaaaag   901 tctcgtgctg ttcgtcaagc aaaagatgaa cgtacttttc atatctttta ccagttgtta   961 tctggagcag gagaacacct aaagtctgat ttgcttcttg aaggatttaa taactacagg  1021 tttctctcca atggctatat tcctattccg ggacagcaag acaaagataa tttccaggag  1081 accatggaag caatgcacat aatgggcttc tcccatgaag agattctgtc aatgcttaaa  1141 gtagtatctt cagtgctaca gtttggaaat atttctttca aaaaggagag aaatactgat  1201 caagcttcca tgccagaaaa tacagttgcg cagaagctct gccatcttct tgggatgaat  1261 gtgatggagt ttactcgggc catcctgact ccccggatca aggtcggccg agactatgtg  1321 caaaaagccc agaccaaaga acaggcagat tttgcagtag aagcattggc aaaagctacc  1381 tatgagcggc tctttcgctg gctcgttcat cgcatcaata aagctctgga taggaccaaa  1441 cgtcagggag catctttcat tggaatcctg gatattgctg gatttgaaat ttttgagctg  1501 aactcctttg aacaactttg catcaactac accaatgaga agctgcagca gctgttcaac  1561 cacaccatgt ttatcctaga acaagaggaa taccagcgcg aaggcatcga gtggaacttc  1621 atcgatttcg ggctggatct gcagccatgc atcgacctaa tagagagacc tgcgaaccct  1681 cctggtgtac tggccctttt ggatgaagaa tgctggttcc ctaaagccac agataaaacc  1741 tttgttgaaa aactggttca agagcaaggt tcccactcca agtttcagaa acctcgacaa  1801 ttaaaagaca aagctgattt ttgcattata cattatgcag ggaaggtgga ctataaggca  1861 gatgagtggc tgatgaagaa tatggacccc ctgaatgaca acgtggccac ccttttgcac  1921 cagtcatcag acagatttgt ggcagagctt tggaaagatg tggaccgtat cgtgggtctg  1981 gatcaagtca ctggtatgac tgagacagct tttggctccg catataaaac caagaagggc  2041 atgtttcgta ccgttgggca actctacaaa gaatctctca ccaagctgat ggcaactctc  2101 cgaaacacca accctaactt tgttcgttgt atcattccaa atcacgagaa gagggctgga  2161 aaattggatc cacacctagt cctagatcag cttcgctgta atggtgtcct ggaagggatc  2221 cgaatctgtc gccagggctt ccctaaccga atagttttcc aggaattcag acagagatat  2281 gagatcctaa ctccaaatgc tattcctaaa ggttttatgg atggtaaaca ggcctgtgaa  2341 cgaatgatcc gggctttaga attggaccca aacttgtaca gaattggaca gagcaagata  2401 tttttcagag ctggagttct ggcacactta gaggaagaaa gagatttaaa aatcaccgat  2461 atcattatct tcttccaggc cgtttgcaga ggttacctgg ccagaaaggc ctttgccaag  2521 aagcagcagc aactaagtgc cttaaaggtc ttgcagcgga actgtgccgc gtacctgaaa  2581 ttacggcact ggcagtggtg gcgagtcttc acaaaggtga agccgcttct acaagtgact  2641 cgccaggagg aagaacttca ggccaaagat gaagagctgt tgaaggtgaa ggagaagcag  2701 acgaaggtgg aaggagagct ggaggagatg gagcggaagc accagcagct tttagaagag  2761 aagaatatcc ttgcagaaca actacaagca gagactgagc tctttgctga agcagaagag  2821 atgagggcaa gacttgctgc taaaaagcag gaattagaag agattctaca tgacttggag  2881 tctagggttg aagaagaaga agaaagaaac caaatcctcc aaaatgaaaa gaaaaaaatg  2941 caagcacata ttcaggacct ggaagaacag ctagacgagg aggaaggggc tcggcaaaag  3001 ctgcagctgg aaaaggtgac agcagaggcc aagatcaaga agatggaaga ggagattctg  3061 cttctcgagg accaaaattc caagttcatc aaagaaaaga aactcatgga agatcgcatt  3121 gctgagtgtt cctctcagct ggctgaagag gaagaaaagg cgaaaaactt ggccaaaatc  3181 aggaataagc aagaagtgat gatctcagat ttagaagaac gcttaaagaa ggaagaaaag  3241 actcgtcagg aactggaaaa ggccaaaaga aaactcgacg gggagacgac cgacctgcag  3301 gaccagatcg cagagctgca ggcgcagatt gatgagctca agctgcagct ggccaagaag  3361 gaggaggagc tgcagggcgc actggccaga ggtgatgatg aaacactcca taagaacaat  3421 gcccttaaag ttgtgcgaga gctacaagcc caaattgctg aacttcagga agactttgaa  3481 tccgagaagg cttcacggaa caaggccgaa aagcagaaaa gggacttgag tgaggaactg  3541 gaagctctga aaacagagct ggaggacacg ctggacacca cggcagccca gcaggaacta  3601 cgtacaaaac gtgaacaaga agtggcagag ctgaagaaag ctcttgagga ggaaactaag  3661 aaccatgaag ctcaaatcca ggacatgaga caaagacacg caacagccct ggaggagctc  3721 tcagagcagc tggaacaggc caagcggttc aaagcaaatc tagagaagaa caagcagggc  3781 ctggagacag ataacaagga gctggcgtgt gaggtgaagg tcctgcagca ggtcaaggct  3841 gagtctgagc acaagaggaa gaagctcgac gcgcaggtcc aggagctcca tgccaaggtc  3901 tctgaaggcg acaggctcag ggtggagctg gcggagaaag caagtaagct gcagaatgag  3961 ctagataatg tctccaccct tctggaagaa gcagagaaga agggtattaa atttgctaag  4021 gatgcagcta gtcttgagtc tcaactacag gatacacagg agcttcttca ggaggagaca  4081 cgccagaaac taaacctgag cagtcggatc cggcagctgg aagaggagaa gaacagtctt  4141 caggagcagc aggaggagga ggaggaggcc aggaagaacc tggagaagca agtgctggcc  4201 ctgcagtccc agttggctga taccaagaag aaagtagatg acgacctggg aacaattgaa  4261 agtctggaag aagccaagaa gaagcttctg aaggacgcgg aggccctgag ccagcgcctg  4321 gaggagaagg cactggcgta tgacaaactg gagaagacca agaaccgcct gcagcaggag  4381 ctggacgacc tcacggtgga cctggaccac cagcgccagg tcgcctccaa cttggagaag  4441 aagcagaaga agtttgacca gctgttagca gaagagaaga gcatctctgc tcgctatgcc  4501 gaagagcggg accgggccga agccgaggcc agagagaaag aaaccaaagc cctgtcactg  4561 gcccgggccc tcgaggaagc cctggaggcc aaggaggagt ttgagaggca gaacaagcag  4621 ctccgagcag acatggaaga cctcatgagc tccaaagatg atgtgggaaa aaacgttcac  4681 gaacttgaaa aatccaaacg ggccctagag cagcaggtgg aggaaatgag gacccagctg  4741 gaggagctgg aagacgaact ccaggccacg gaagatgcca agcttcgtct ggaggtcaac  4801 atgcaggcca tgaaggcgca gttcgagaga gacctgcaaa ccagggatga gcagaatgaa  4861 gagaagaagc ggctgctgat caaacaggtg cgggagctcg aggcggagct ggaggatgag  4921 aggaaacagc gggcgcttgc tgtagcttca aagaaaaaga tggagataga cctgaaggac  4981 ctcgaagccc aaatcgaggc tgcgaacaaa gctcgggatg aggtgattaa gcagctccgc  5041 aagctccagg ctcagatgaa ggattaccaa cgtgaattag aagaagctcg tgcatccaga  5101 gatgagattt ttgctcaatc caaagagagt gaaaagaaat tgaagagtct ggaagcagaa  5161 atccttcaat tgcaggagga acttgcctca tctgagcgag cccgccgaca cgccgagcag  5221 gagagagatg agctggcgga cgagatcacc aacagcgcct ctggcaagtc cgcgctgctg  5281 gatgagaagc ggcgtctgga agctcggatc gcacagctgg aggaggagct ggaagaggag  5341 cagagcaaca tggagctgct caacgaccgc ttccgcaaga ccactctaca ggtggacaca  5401 ctgaacgccg agctagcagc cgagcgcagc gccgcccaga agagtgacaa tgcacgccag  5461 caactggagc ggcagaacaa ggagctgaag gccaagctgc aggaactcga gggtgctgtc  5521 aagtctaagt tcaaggccac catctcagcc ctggaggcca agattgggca gctggaggag  5581 cagcttgagc aggaagccaa ggaacgagca gccgccaaca aattagtccg tcgcactgag  5641 aagaagctga aagaaatctt catgcaggtt gaggatgagc gtcgacacgc ggaccagtat  5701 aaagagcaga tggagaaggc caacgctcgg atgaagcagc ttaaacgcca gctggaggaa  5761 gcagaagaag aagcgacgcg tgccaacgca tctcggcgta aactccagcg ggaactggat  5821 gatgccaccg aggccaacga gggcctgagc cgcgaggtca gcaccctgaa gaaccggctg  5881 aggcggggtg gccccatcag cttctcttcc agccgatctg gccggcgcca gctgcacctt  5941 gaaggagctt ccctggagct ctccgacgat gacacagaaa gtaagaccag tgatgtcaac  6001 gagacgcagc caccccagtc agagtaaagt tgcaggaagc cagaggaggc aatacagtgg  6061 gacagttagg aatgcacccg gggcctcctg cagatttcgg aaattggcaa gctacgggat  6121 tccttcctga aagatcaact gtgtcttaag gctctccagc ctatgcatac tgtatcctgc  6181 ttcagactta ggtacaattg ctcccctttt tatatataga cacacacagg acacatatat  6241 taaacagatt gtttcatcat tgcatctatt ttccatatag tcatcaagag accattttat  6301 aaaacatggt aagacccttt ttaaaacaaa ctccaggccc ttggttgcgg gtcgctgggt  6361 tattggggca gcgccgtggt cgtcactcag tcgctctgca tgctctctgt catacagaca  6421 ggtaacctag ttctgtgttc acgtggcccc cgactcctca gccacatcaa gtctcctaga  6481 ccactgtgga ctctaaactg cacttgtctc tctcatttcc ttcaaataat gatcaatgct  6541 atttcagtga gcaaactgtg aaaggggctt tggaaagagt aggaggggtg ggctggatcg  6601 gaagcaacac ccatttgggg ttaccatgtc catcccccaa ggggggccct gcccctcgag  6661 tcgatggtgt cccgcatcta ctcatgtgaa ctggccttgg cgagggctgg tctgtgcata  6721 gaagggatag tggccacact gcagctgagg ccccaggtgg cagccatgga tcatgtagac  6781 ttccagatgg tctcccgaac cgcctggctc tgccggcgcc ctcctcacgt caggagcaag  6841 cagccgtgga cccctaagcc gagctggtgg aaggcccctc cctgtcgcca gccgggccct  6901 catgctgacc ttgcaaattc agccgctgct ttgagcccaa aatgggaata ttggttttgt  6961 gtccgaggct tgttccaagt ttgtcaatga ggtttatgga gcctccagaa cagatgccat  7021 cttcctgaat gttgacatgc cagtgggtgt gactccttca tttttccttc tcccttccct  7081 ttggacagtg ttacagtgaa cacttagcat cctgtttttg gttggtagtt aagcaaactg  7141 acattacgga aagtgcctta gacactacag tactaagaca atgttgaata tatcattcgc  7201 ctctataaca atttaatgta ttcagttttg actgtgcttc atatcatgta cctctctagt  7261 caaagtggta ttacagacat tcagtgacaa tgaatcagtg ttaattctaa atccttgatc  7321 ctctgcaatg tgcttgaaaa cacaaacctt ttgggttaaa agctttaaca tctattagga  7381 agaatttgtc ctgtgggttt ggaatcttgg attttccccc tttatgaact gtactggctg  7441 ttgaccacca gacacctgac cgcaaatatc ttttcttgta ttcccatatt tctagacaat  7501 gatttttgta agacaataaa tttattcatt atagatattt gcgcctgctc tgtttacttg  7561 aagaaaaaag cacccgtgga gaataaagag acctcaataa acaagaataa tcatgtgaa 

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human PFAAP5 is available as NCBI accession number AF530063 (gi: 33329092). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 150.

   1 atgtcttatg gtgaaattga aggtaaattc ttgggaccta gagaagaagt aacgagtgag   61 ccacgctgta aaaaattgaa gtcaaccaca gagtcgtatg tttttcacaa tcatagtaat  121 gctgattttc acagaatcca agagaaaact ggaaatgatt gggtccctgt gaccatcatt   181 gatgtcagag gacatagtta tttgcaggag aacaaaatca aaactacaga tttgcataga  241 cctttgcatg atgagatgcc tggtaataga ccagatgtta ttgaatccat tgattcacag  301 gttttacagg aagcacgtcc tccattagta tccgcagacg atgagatata tagcacaagt   361 aaagcattta taggacccat ttacaaaccc cctgagaaaa agaaacgtaa tgaagggagg   421 aatgaggcac atgttctaaa tggtataaat gacagaggag gacaaaaaga gaaacagaaa   481 tttaactctg aaaaatcaga gattgacaat gaattattcc agttttacaa agaaattgaa   541 gagcttgaaa aggaaaaaga tggttttgag aacagttgta aagaatctga accttctcag   601 gaacaatttg ttccatttta tgagggtcat aataatggtc tcttaaaacc tgatgaagaa   661 aagaaagatc ttagtaataa agctatgcca tcacattgtg attatcagca gaacttgggg   721 aatgagccag acaaatatcc ctgtaatgga caagtaatac ctacattttg tgacacttca   781 tttacttctt tcaggcctga atggcagtca gtatatcctt ttatagtgcc ctatggtccc   841 cctcttccca gtttgaacta tcatttaaac attcagagat tcagtggtcc accaaatcca   901 ccatcaaata ttttccaagc ccaagatgac tctcagatac aaaatggata ttatgtaaat   961 aattgtcatg ttaactggaa ttgcatgact tttgatcaga acaatgaata tactgactgt  1021 agtgagaata ggagtagtgt tcatccctct ggaaatggct gcagtatgca agatcgatat  1081 gtgagtaatg gtttctgtga agtcagagaa agatgctgga aagatcattg tatggacaag  1141 cataatggaa cagacaggtt tgtgaaccag cagtttcaag aggaaaagtt aaataaattg  1201 cagaagttac ttattctttt tagaggtctg cctggttctg ggaaaacaac attgtctcga  1261 attctgcttg gtcagaatcg tgatggcatt gtgttcagca ctgatgacta ttttcaccat  1321 caagatgggt acaggtataa tgttaatcaa cttggtgatg cccatgactg gaaccagaac  1381 agagcaaaac aagctatcga tcagggaaga tctccagtta taatagataa cactaatata  1441 caagcttggg aaatgaagcc atatgtggaa gtggccatag gaaaaggata cagagtagag  1501 tttcatgaac ctgaaacttg gtggaaattt gatcctgaag aattagaaaa gaggaataaa  1561 catggtgtgt ctcgaaagaa gattgctcag atgttggatc gttatgaata tcaaatgtcc  1621 atttctattg taatgaattc agtggaacca tcacacaaaa gcacacaaag acctcctcct  1681 ccacagggga gacagaggtg gggaggctct cttggctcac ataatcgtgt ctgtgtcaca  1741 aataatcatt aa 

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human PGF is available as NCBI accession number NM_002632 (gi: 56676307). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 151.

   1 ctgctgtctg cggaggaaac tgcatcgacg gacggccgcc cagctacggg aggacctgga   61 gtggcactgg gcgcccgacg gaccatcccc gggacccgcc tgcccctcgg cgccccgccc  121 cgcccggccg ctccccgtcg ggttccccag ccacagcctt acctacgggc tcctgactcc  181 gcaaggcttc cagaagatgc tcgaaccacc ggccggggcc tcggggcagc agtgagggag  241 gcgtccagcc ccccactcag ctcttctcct cctgtgccag gggctccccg ggggatgagc  301 atggtggttt tccctcggag ccccctggct cgggacgtct gagaagatgc cggtcatgag  361 gctgttccct tgcttcctgc agctcctggc cgggctggcg ctgcctgctg tgccccccca  421 gcagtgggcc ttgtctgctg ggaacggctc gtcagaggtg gaagtggtac ccttccagga  481 agtgtggggc cgcagctact gccgggcgct ggagaggctg gtggacgtcg tgtccgagta  541 ccccagcgag gtggagcaca tgttcagccc atcctgtgtc tccctgctgc gctgcaccgg  601 ctgctgcggc gatgagaatc tgcactgtgt gccggtggag acggccaatg tcaccatgca  661 gctcctaaag atccgttctg gggaccggcc ctcctacgtg gagctgacgt tctctcagca  721 cgttcgctgc gaatgccggc ctctgcggga gaagatgaag ccggaaagga ggagacccaa  781 gggcaggggg aagaggagga gagagaagca gagacccaca gactgccacc tgtgcggcga  841 tgctgttccc cggaggtaac ccaccccttg gaggagagag accccgcacc cggctcgtgt  901 atttattacc gtcacactct tcagtgactc ctgctggtac ctgccctcta tttattagcc  961 aactgtttcc ctgctgaatg cctcgctccc ttcaagacga ggggcaggga aggacaggac 1021 cctcaggaat tcagtgcctt caacaacgtg agagaaagag agaagccagc cacagacccc 1081 tgggagcttc cgctttgaaa gaagcaagac acgtggcctc gtgaggggca agctaggccc 1141 cagaggccct ggaggtctcc aggggcctgc agaaggaaag aagggggccc tgctacctgt 1201 tcttgggcct caggctctgc acagacaagc agcccttgct ttcggagctc ctgtccaaag 1261 tagggatgcg gatcctgctg gggccgccac ggcctggctg gtgggaaggc cggcagcggg 1321 cggacmggat ccagccactt ccccctcttc ttctgaagat cagaacattc agctctggag 1381 aacagtggtt gcctgggggc ttttgccact ccttgtcccc cgtgatctcc cctcacactt 1441 tgccatttgc ttgtactggg acattgttct ttccggccaa ggtgccacca ccctgccccc 1501 cctaagagac acatacagag tgggccccgg gctggagaaa gagctgcctg gatgagaaac 1561 agctcagcca gtggggatga ggtcaccagg ggaggagcct gtgcgtccca gctgaaggca 1621 gtggcagggg agcaggttcc ccaagggccc tggcaccccc acaagctgtc cctgcagggc 1681 catctgactg ccaagccaga ttctcttgaa taaagtattc tagtgtggaa aaaaaaaaaa 1741 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa 

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human PIP3-E is available as NCBI accession number AJ310566 (gi: 18307480). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 152.

   1 gtttaagtag aatcctcaag cttggcctca gagtactatg aggcttctga atccaggaat   61 aagactgctc ttggatttac tctctttgta ttgcatgtca aaggcaacag aactggacca   121 agaaaattca taactttttg cgtttgtttc tactaagatg acatcataca tggctattga   181 tggcagtgct cttgttccct tgcgtcagaa gcccaggagg aaaactcaag gttttctcac   241 gatgagtcgg aggaggatat cgtgtaaaga tctgggccat gctgactgcc aagggtggct   301 gtataagaaa aaggaaaagg gaagtttcct aagcaacaaa tggaaaaagt tctgggtgat   361 actgaagggg tcgtcactgt actggtatag caatcaaatg gcagagaaag ctgatggatt   421 tgtcaacctg cctgatttca ctgtggaaag agcatctgaa tgcaagaaaa agcatgcttt   481 taagatcagc catccacaga tcdagacctt ttattttgca gctgagaatg tgcaggaaat   541 gaacgtgtgg ttaaataaac ttggatcggc tgtaatccat caggaatcca ctacaaagga   601 tgaagaatgt tacagtgaaa gtgaacagga agatccagaa atagctgcgg agacaccacc   661 ccctcctcac gcttcccaga ctcagtcttt gactgcacag caggcatctt catcctcacc   721 cagcctgagt ggaacgtcgt attctttctc ttccctggaa aatacagtga agacacccag   781 cagttttcct tcctccttat ctaaagagag acaatccttg cctgacacag ttaacagttt   841 gtctgctgct gaagatgagg gacaaccaat aacgtttgct gtgcaagttc attcacctgt   901 accctcagag gcaggcatcc acaaggccct ggaaaacagt tttgtcacat cagaaagtgg   961 atttttgaac tctttatcta gtgatgatac ttcttcattg agtagcaatc atgaccatct  1021 tactgtccca gataagcctg ctggatcaaa gatcatggac aaagaagaga caaaagtgtc  1081 tgaagatgat gaaatggaga agctgtacaa atcattagag caagctagtc tatctcctct  1141 tggggaccga cgaccttcga ctaaaaagga gttgagaaaa tcctttgtta agcggtgtaa  1201 aaatccatct ataaacgaga aactccacaa aatccgaaca ttgaatagca cattaaagtg  1261 taaagaacat gatctggcca tgattaacca gttgctggat gacccgaagc tgacagccag  1321 gaaatacaga gagtggaaag tcatgaacac cctgctgatc caggacatct atcagcagca  1381 gcgggcttcg cctgcccctg atgacactga tgacaccccc caggaactca agaaatcacc  1441 ttcttctccc tctgttgaaa attccatttg agacaaagtc agggttttct cctcttatat  1501 tttatcacaa gcaactcttc aagatgttgc aaaagcttac atttttcctt aaaaggaaaa  1561 ctgaaaccca gtccttcaag catcagcttc ccatctaaag atgcacgtta gatgaagata  1621 at 

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human PKNOX2 is available as NCBI accession number NM_022062 (gi: 116812643). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:153.

   1 gtgtgaaggg ggggtccggg gggcgggtcc ctgtgccgct gacgtcccga gcagtgctgg    61 gaagtatagg ctgtgttgtc acgccggtgt cagtctgatg aagattggca tcaggtgaag   121 tctggagcag gacttctgag gctttctatc ctccatgctg ctcactagaa aaggggctgt   181 gaactgtgct ttggctctag cagacaggaa gaaattctgg cccagctgga agtagaaaga   241 ggggagtgag tctcctgagg accatctcag aggccccggg atcacccgaa cagtcctcca   301 tgtgaatcaa tcccatgatg caacatgcct ccccagcccc cgctctgacg atgatggcca   361 cgcagaatgt cccgccccca ccctaccagg acagcccaca gatgacggca accgcccagc   421 caccctccaa ggcccaggct gtccacatct ctgccccctc agctgctgcc agcacacctg   481 tgcccagtgc ccccatcgac ccccaggccc agctggaggc tgacaagcga gctgtataca   541 ggcaccctct tttcccgctc ctgacgctgc tgtttgagaa atgtgaacag gccacccagg   601 gctctgagtg catcacctcc gccagctttg atgtggacat cgagaacttt gtccaccagc   661 aggaacagga gcacaaaccc ttcttcagcg atgacccaga actggacaat ctgatggtga   721 aggcaatcca ggtcctgaga atccacctgc tggagctgga gaaagtcaat gaactctgca   781 aggacttttg taaccgttac atcacctgcc tcaaaaccaa gatgcacagc gacaacctgc   841 tcaggaatga tctagggggg ccctactccc ccaaccagcc ctccatcaac cttcactcac   901 aggacctcct gcagaattcc cccaattcca tgtccggagt ctccaataac ccccacmgga   961 ttgtggtccc agcctcagcg ctccagcagg gcaacatcgc catgacaacc gtcaactcac  1021 aagttgtgtc aggtggagcc ttataccaac cggttaccat ggtaacctcc cagggtcagg  1081 tggtcaccca agcaatcccc cagggagcca tccagatcca gaacacacag gttaaccttg  1141 acctcacctc cctcctggac aatgaggata agaagtccaa gaacaaacga ggagtcttgc  1201 ccaagcatgc caccaatata atgcgttctt ggctcttcca gcatctcatg cacccctacc  1261 ccacggagga tgagaagagg cagatcgcag cccagaccaa cctcaccctc ctgcaagtaa  1321 acaactggtt catcaatgcc cggaggcgca tcctgcagcc catgcttgat gccagcaacc  1381 cagatcctgc ccccaaagcc aagaagatca agtctcagca ccggcccacc caaagattct  1441 ggcccaactc catcgctgcg ggggtgctgc agcagcaggg cggtgcccca gggacaaacc  1501 ccgatggttc catcaacttg gacaacctgc agtccctgtc ctcagacagt gccaccatgg  1561 ccatgcagca ggctatgatg gctgcacacg atgactcatt ggatgggaca gaagaagagg  1621 atgaggatga gatggaagag gaggaggagg aggagctgga ggaggaggtc gacgagctgc  1681 agacgacaaa tgtcagcgac ctgggcttgg aacacagtga ctccctggag tagtcgggca  1741 gcccagatgg cactgatcac tgagcaggag aggagtgtcg ccgggaggcc ttcagggtgg  1801 gggggaaggg gacatgggca ggaagcaccg agggagttgg gccctagctt ccccaaatca  1861 gtagcttgaa gaaaggcaaa ggagacacct gttccttccc aaccaccgag cttcaatgag  1921 gaccccagcc ccacttccct ggaactgccg aggactctgt ttggcggggc cagtcgagca  1981 gcctgtgtgg aaagacagga gtgagatctg gactcaccaa atccctgagg atagatggca  2041 cccatggccc ccacccacgg aaggacttga gttgtttaca agccctgcac tgaggcagat  2101 tggtgctgtt cgcagagtag gcctttgccc gggggcagac ttagaaggaa ggggagagac  2161 aaagggggac tgagtttcat ccccagaagt ttctcagctc ctttgacaga cattcaaggg  2221 caggagggag ccccaaagca taaccagtgg ccagaggagt gggagggcct gaggcatcac  2281 atcttgcaga tcagaatggg atggaatcca ccaggctcca gctcatccct ccaaggccct  2341 gtctctgcgc acagcaacca tggacatggg agaaagggat gggagccaca gtgcccttca  2401 ctctctcctg gaaaccaact gtaagctggt gggctcaacc tgtgggaggt taagaggagt  2461 cccttctggg ttgactccaa gagccaagga gatggcagac cctgggctag gaaccatatg  2521 gaggtgactt tgaggccaca gctgtcccta ggtgatcaca gaacttagct cctttaacaa  2581 caggacaatg gttttttacc ctagatgttc ccaccttcag tgctccacgc cctccataga  2641 ccttcagaga aggtgaaacc aggttatctg ggaatctttc cagcccgcag gtcgccacgg  2701 ccatcccttt gctcccagcc tggctccatc agcctccagc ttcctttctt cattctgtcc  2761 ttcagggaag gcagaagaaa cattggaaag catctagtcc agtgggaagc caggggttgg  2821 agaaggtgct acatccctct tcccatcaat atcctaaatg tgggggaggg cccagagaat  2881 ggcacccaag agcctgcggg gatgcccatc ccacacaccc cacccagctg ttctaaccct  2941 gctatccaca gccctggagg aactggggct cctggaagga ggaggaggct ctccactgtc  3001 caccctaaca cataccctcc cacccacctt ccagaccccc ttggttggca ccctctcctc  3061 cggttccctc tcaccccatg gctgtgaatg acaggacagg tcacacgtgt gttttccatt  3121 gggtttaatt taatggacgt gcagtttcat ttgtaaattg tgcattggcc acctccttca  3181 gtggcaggat gtgagtggct acctggctca actggagggg accccttggg ccctctgggg  3241 cttcccctcc cccacctggt tggggtagag caaaaggatg gtcactcttc cgaggtctcc  3301 ctgaaatgaa tgtatttctc ccccaaaaga gctgatattt ddtgttttaa taaggatttt  3361 tgagaaacaa ataaccttat ttataatctg ggtgatccaa tcatttttta ctcccttttg  3421 atgccataca tagaggaaag tctagctttt ttggcgtgag acttttgcaa tgtgcagtgg  3481 gataaaatgc atttcctttt ctggttcgtt tttcttgtta acacgcgcac acagacacac  3541 acacacaccg ttccactcac cacctggaca ggcgtccccc agcacggaca cactggcaca  3601 caggtgccca catctcttcc tctcagcccc tccacctgcc taatgttatg caacctcctt  3661 ctgatgtatc caccaaacca gtactgaatg tggccgagac gttttcagta aatcttatta  3721 cctaccgtaa 

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human PRKACB is available as NCBI accession number NM_182948 (gi: 46909585). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 154.

   1 acacatgcat agctcttagc ttctgtgtaa gaagttgtga gctccttctg gaaacatttg    61 cagttacatt aagtaaagtg taaatgcaca tgaatggcag cttatagaga accaccttgt   121 aaccagtata caggtacaac tacagctctt cagaaattgg aaggttttgc tagccggtta   181 tttcatagac actctaaagg tactgcacat gatcagaaaa cagctctgga aaatgacagc   241 cttcatttct ctgaacatac tgccttatgg gacagatcaa tgaaagagtt tctagccaaa   301 gccaaagaag actttttgaa aaaatgggag aatccaactc agaataatgc cggacttgaa   361 gattttgaaa ggaaaaaaac ccttggaaca ggttcatttg gaagagtcat gttggtaaaa   421 cacaaagcca ctgaacagta ttatgccatg aagatcttag ataagcagaa ggttgttaaa   481 ctgaagcaaa tagagcatac tttgaatgag aaaagaatat tacaggcagt gaattttcct   541 ttccttgttc gactggagta tgcttttaag gataattcta atttatacat ggttatggaa   601 tatgtccctg ggggtgaaat gttttcacat ctaagaagaa ttggaaggtt cagtgagccc   661 catgcacggt tctatgcagc tcagatagtg ctaacattcg agtacctcca ttcactagac   721 ctcatctaca gagatctaaa acctgaaaat ctcttaattg accatcaagg ctatatccag   781 gtcacagact ttgggtttgc caaaagagtt aaaggcagaa cttggacatt atgtggaact   841 ccagagtatt tggctccaga aataattctc agcaagggct acaataaggc agtggattgg   901 tgggcattag gagtgctaat ctatgaaatg gcagctggct atcccccatt ctttgcagac   961 caaccaattc agatttatga aaagattgtt tctggaaagg tccgattccc atcccacttc  1021 agttcagatc tcaaggacct tctacggaac ctgctgcagg tggatttgac caagagattt  1081 ggaaatctaa agaatggtgt cagtgatata aaaactcaca agtggtttgc cacgacagat  1141 tggattgcta tttaccagag gaaggttgaa gctccattca taccaaagtt tagaggctct  1201 ggagatacca gcaactttga tgactatgaa gaagaagata tccgtgtctc tataacagaa  1261 aaatgtgcaa aagaatttgg tgaattttaa agaggaacaa gatgacatct gagctcacac  1321 tcagtgittg cactctgttg agagataagg tagagctgag accgtccttg ttgaagcagt  1381 tacctagttc cttcattcca acgactgagt gaggtcttta ttgccatcat cccgtgtgcg 1441 cactctgcat ccacctatgt aacaaggcac cgctaagcaa gcattgtctg tgccataaca  1501 cagtactaga ccactttctt acttctcttt gggttgtctt tctcctctcc tatatccatt  1561 tcttcctttt ccaatttcat tggttttctc taaacagtgc tccattttat tttgttggtg  1621 tttcagatgg gcagtgttat ggctacgtga tatttgaagg gaaggataag tgttgctttc  1681 agtagttatt gccaatattg ttgttggtca atggcttgaa gataaacttt ctaataatta  1741 ttatttcttt gagtagctca gacttggttt tgccaaaact cttggtaatt tttgaagata  1801 gactgtctta tcaccaagga aatttataca aattaagact aactttcttg gaattcacta  1861 ttctggcaat aaattttggt agactaatac agtacagcta gacccagaaa tttggaaggc  1921 tgtagatcag aggttctagt tccctttccc tccttttata tcctcctctc cttgagtaat  1981 gaagtgacca gcctgtgtag tgtgacaaac gtgtctcatt cagcaggaaa aactaatgat  2041 atggatcatc acccagattc tctcacttgg taccagcatt tctgtaggta ttagagaaga  2101 gttctaagtt ttctaaacct taactgttcc ttaaggattt tagccagtat tttaatagaa  2161 catgattaat gaaagtgaca aattttaaat tttctctaat agtcctcatc ataaactttt  2221 taaaggaaaa tacgcaaact aaaaagaaca ttggtttaga taaatactta tactttgcaa  2281 agtcaaaaat ggcttgattt ttggaaacaa tatagaggta ttcatattta aatgagggtt  2341 tacatttgtt ttgttttgta accgttaaaa agaagttgtt tccagctaat tattgtggtg  2401 tactatattt gtgagcctag ggtaggggca ctgctgcaac ttctgctttc atcccatgcc  2461 tcatcaatga ggaaagggaa caaagtgtat aaaactgcca caattgtatt ttaattttga  2521 ggtatgatat tttcagatat ttcataattt ctaacctctg ttctctcagt aaacagaatg  2581 tctgatcgat catgcagata caatgttggt atttgagagg ttagtttttt tcctacactt  2641 ttttttgcca actgacttaa caacattgct gtcaggtgga aatttcaagc acttttgcac  2701 atttagttca gtgtttgttg agaatccatg gcttaaccca cttgttttgc tatttttttc  2761 tttgctttta attttcccca tctgatttta tctctgcgtt tcagtgacct accttaaaac  2821 aacacacgag aagagttaaa ctgggttcat tttaatgatc aatttacctg catataaaat  2881 ttatttttaa tcaagctgat cttaatgtat ataatcattc tatttgcttt attatcggtg  2941 caggtaggtc attaacacca cttcttttca tctgtaccac accctggtga aacctttgaa  3001 gacataaaaa aaacctgtct gagatgttct ttctaccaat ctatatgtct ttcggttatc  3061 aagtgtttct gcatggtaat gtcatgtaaa tgctgatatt gatttcactg gtccatctat  3121 atttaaaacg tgcaagaaaa aaataaaata ctctgctcta gcaagttttg tgtaacaaag  3181 gcatatcgtc atgttaataa atttaaaaca tcattcgtat aaaatatttt aattttcttg  3241 tatttcattt agacccaaga acatgctgac caatgtgttc tatatgtaaa ctacaaattc  3301 tatggtagct ttgttgtata ttattgtaaa attattttaa taagtcatgg ggatgacaat  3361 ttgattatta caatttagtt ttcagtaatc aaaaagattt ctatgaattc taaaaaatat  3421 ttttttctat gaaattacta gtgcccagct gtagaatcta ccttaggtag atgatcccta  3481 gacatacgtt ggttttgagg gctattcagc cattccattt tactctctat ttaaaggccg  3541 tgagcaagct tgtcatgagc aaatatgtca agggagtcaa tttctgacca atcaagtaca  3601 ctaaattaga atatttttaa agtatgtaac attcccagtt tcagccacaa tttagccaag  3661 aataagataa aaacttgaat aagaagtaag tagcataaat cagtatttaa cctaaaatta  3721 catatttgaa acagaagata ttatgttatg ctcagtaaat aattaagaga tggcattgtg  3781 taagaaggag ccctagactg aaagtcaaga catctgaatt tcaggctgga aaactatcag  3841 tatgatctca gcctcagttc tcttgtctgt aaaatggaag aactggatta ggcagtttgt  3901 aagattcctc ctaactttca cagtcgatga caagattgtc tttttatctg atattttgaa  3961 gggtatattg ctttgaagta agtctcaata aggcaatata ttttagggca tctttcttct  4021 tatctctgac agtgttctta aaattatttg aatatcataa gagccttggt gtctgtccta  4081 attcctttct cactcaccga tgctgaatac ccagttgaat caaactgtca acctaccaaa  4141 aacgatattg tggcttatgg gtattgctgt ctcattcttg gtatattctt gtgttaactg  4201 cccattggcc tgaaaatact cattgtaagc ctgaaaaaaa aaatctttcc cactgttttt  4261 tctgcttgtt gtaagaatca aatgaaataa tgtatgtgaa agcaccttgt aaactgtaac  4321 ctatcaatgt aaaatgttaa ggtgtgttgt tatttcatta attacttctt tgtttagaat  4381 ggaatttcct atgcactact gtagctagga aatgctgaaa acaactgtgt tttttaatta  4441 atcaataact gcaaaattaa agtaccttca atggataaga caaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa 

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human PROS1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_000313 (gi: 223671900). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 155.

   1 tttggaaacg tcacactgtg gaggaaaagc agcaactagg gagctggtga agaaggatgt    61 ctcagcagtg tttactaggc ctccaacact agagcccatc ccccagctcc gaaaagcttc   121 ctggaaatgt ccttgttatc acttcccctc tcgggctggg cgctgggagc gggcggtctc   181 ctccgccccc ggctgttccg ccgaggctcg ctgggtcgct ggcgccgccg cgcagcacgg   241 ctcagaccga ggcgcacagg ctcgcagctc cgcggcgcct agcgctccgg tccccgccgc   301 gacgcgccac cgtccctgcc ggcgcctccg cgcgcttcga aatgagggtc ctgggtgggc   361 gctgcggggc gctgctggcg tgtctcctcc tagtgcttcc cgtctcagag gcaaactttt   421 tgtcaaagca acaggcttca caagtcctgg ttaggaagcg tcgtgcaaat tctttacttg   481 aagaaaccaa acagggtaat cttgaaagag aatgcatcga agaactgtgc aataaagaag   541 aagccaggga ggtctttgaa aatgacccgg aaacggatta tttttatcca aaatacttag   601 tttgtcttcg ctcttttcaa actgggttat tcactgctgc acgtcagtca actaatgctt   661 atcctgacct aagaagctgt gtcaatgcca ttccagacca gtgtagtcct ctgccatgca   721 atgaagatgg atatatgagc tgcaaagatg gaaaagcttc ttttacttgc acttgtaaac   781 caggttggca aggagaaaag tgtgaatttg acataaatga atgcaaagat ccctcaaata   841 taaatggagg ttgcagtcaa atttgtgata atacacctgg aagttaccac tgttcctgta   901 aaaatggttt tgttatgctt tcaaataaga aagattgtaa agatgtggat gaatgctctt   961 tgaagccaag catttgtggc acagctgtgt gcaagaacat cccaggagat tttgaatgtg  1021 aatgccccga aggctacaga tataatctca aatcaaagtc ttgtgaagat atagatgaat  1081 gctctgagaa catgtgtgct cagctttgtg tcaattaccc tggaggttac acttgctatt  1141 gtgatgggaa gaaaggattc aaacttgccc aagatcagaa gagttgtgag gttgtttcag  1201 tgtgccttcc cttgaacctt gacacaaagt atgaattact ttacttggcg gagcagtttg  1261 caggggttgt tttatattta aaatttcgtt tgccagaaat cagcagattt tcagcagaat  1321 ttgatttccg gacatatgat tcagaaggcg tgatactgta cgcagaatct atcgatcact  1381 cagcgtggct cctgattgca cttcgtggtg gaaagattga agttcagctt aagaatgaac  1441 atacatccaa aatcacaact ggaggtgatg ttattaataa tggtctatgg aatatggtgt  1501 ctgtggaaga attagaacat agtattagca ttaaaatagc taaagaagct gtgatggata  1561 taaataaacc tggacccctt tttaagccgg aaaatggatt gctggaaacc aaagtatact  1621 ttgcaggatt ccctcggaaa gtggaaagtg aactcattaa accgattaac cctcgtctag  1681 atggatgtat acgaagctgg aatttgatga agcaaggagc ttctggaata aaggaaatta  1741 ttcaagaaaa acaaaataag cattgcctgg ttactgtgga gaagggctcc tactatcctg  1801 gttctggaat tgctcaattt cacatagatt ataataatgt atccagtgct gagggttggc  1861 atgtaaatgt gaccttgaat attcgtccat ccacgggcac tggtgttatg cttgccttgg  1921 tttctggtaa caacacagtg ccctttgctg tgtccttggt ggactccacc tctgaaaaat  1981 cacaggatat tctgttatct gttgaaaata ctgtaatata tcggatacag gccctaagtc  2041 tatgttccga tcaacaatct catctggaat ttagagtcaa cagaaacaat ctggagttgt  2101 cgacaccact taaaatagaa accatctccc atgaagacct tcaaagacaa cttgccgtct  2161 tggacaaagc aatgaaagca aaagtggcca catacctggg tggccttcca gatgttccat  2221 tcagtgccac accagtgaat gccttttata atggctgcat ggaagtgaat attaatggtg  2281 tacagttgga tctggatgaa gccatttcta aacataatga tattagagct cactcatgtc  2341 catragtttg gdaaaagaca aagaattctt aaggcatctt ttctctgctt ataatacctt  2401 ttccttgtgt gtaattatac ttatgtttca ataacagctg aagggtttta tttacaatgt  2461 gcagtctttg attattttgt ggtcctttcc tgggattttt aaaaggtcct ttgtcaagga  2521 aaaaaattct gttgtgatat aaatcacagt aaagaaattc ttacttctct tgctatctaa  2581 gaatagtgaa aaataacaat tttaaatttg aatttttttc ctacaaatga cagtttcaat  2641 ttttgtttgt aaaactaaat tttaatttta tcatcatgaa ctagtgtcta aatacctatg  2701 tttttttcag aaagcaagga agtaaactca aacaaaagtg cgtgtaatta aatactatta  2761 atcataggca gatactattt tgtttatgtt tttgtttttt tcctgatgaa ggcagaagag  2821 atggtggtct attaaatatg aattgaatgg agggtcctaa tgccttattt caaaacaatt  2881 cctcaggggg aacagctttg gcttcatctt tctcttgtgt ggcttcacat ttaaaccagt  2941 atctttattg aattagaaaa caagtgggac atattttcct gagagcagca caggaatctt  3001 cttcttggca gctgcagtct gtcaggatga gatatcagat taggttggat aggtggggaa  3061 atctgaagtg ggtacatttt ttaaattttg ctgtgtgggt cacacaaggt ctacattaca  3121 aaagacagaa ttcagggatg gaaaggagaa tgaacaaatg tgggagttca tagttttcct  3181 tgaatccaac ttttaattac cagagtaagt tgccaaaatg tgattgttga agtacaaaag  3241 gaactatgaa aaccagaaca aattttaaca aaaggacaac cacagaggga tatagtgaat  3301 atcgtatcat tgtaatcaaa gaagtaagga ggtaagattg ccacgtgcct gctggtactg  3361 tgatgcattt caagtggcag ttttatcacg tttgaatcta ccattcatag ccagatgtgt  3421 atcagatgtt tcactgacag tttttaacaa taaattcttt tcactgtatt ttatatcact  3481 tataataaat cggtgtataa ttttaaaatg catgtgaata tctttattat atcaactgtt  3541 tgaataaaac aaaattacat aatagacatt taactcttca aaaaaaaaaa aaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human PSD3 is available as NCBI accession number NM_015310 (gi: 117606359). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 156.

    1 aacaaagagc acgcggcgct ggccgccggc actcgcgccc tgaggctgcg gccccggagc     61 gcccggcggc ggtttcggcg cgcggccggg ctggcgatgg aagatggaag gaaggagcgc    121 agcggcagag acatttgttt gggtgaacaa tgcatctgca cattcccaga gtgttgccaa    181 ggccaaatat gaatttttdt ttggcagatc tgaagggaaa gctccagata ctagtgatca    241 tggaggaagc actttactcc caccaaatgt cacaaatgaa tttccagaat atgggaccat    301 ggaggaaggt ggagaaggcc taagggcttc tctggaattt gatggtgagg ctctgccatg    361 ccacccacaa gagcagcagg gtgtccagcc tcttactggc tgccactctg ggctcgacag    421 tgttacagaa ggaccaaaag atgtcagaga ggccccctct caaagtcatc tcaaggaaca    481 aagtttacag cccattgact ctttgatttc agctctgaaa gccacagaag ccagaatcat    541 ttccggaaca ttacaggcta caaaggtact ggaccaagat gctgtttcta gtttttcagt    601 tcagcaggtg gaaaaagagc tggacactgc cagtcgtaaa acacagagag tcaacaaaac    661 gctccctgct ggccaaaaaa atttaccaga aatacctctt tcagctgaag taacaacgga    721 ggaaagtttt tatttgagca tccagaaaga tctcaccgcg ctgttaactg gagacactca    781 ggcagagatt tcccagataa tgaataatgg gaggaaaggg gctgtctgtg tgcaggagcc    841 atcttgtcct ttggcctccc tcgggagctc agcagtgacc tgccactctg caggcagtgt    901 tggtttcttg aaagagcaga ggtctgctct tgggagagag cacccagggg gatgtgatcg    961 aagcagctcc atgggacgcc caggccgggt caaacatgtg gaatttcaag gagtggaaat   1021 actgtggaca ggaggagaca agagagagac ccagcatcct atagattttg agacatcact   1081 gcaaagaaca gcctctcctg acagcaaaga gtcttccaaa gtgccacgcc atctcatctc   1141 atcagctggt ttgtgtaatt caagtagttt aactgagaat gtttgggatg aatcctggaa   1201 agctccttca gagaggcctg gcactagctc ggggacattt tcccctgtgc gtcttgatga   1261 gagtggagag gatgaagtct tcctacagga aaacaaacag catcttgaga agacacctaa  1321 accagagaga gacagggaaa ggatcagcga acaagaggag cacgttaagg gggaagatga   1381 agacatcctt gggcctggat atacggagga ctccaccgac gtgtacagct cccagtttga   1441 aaccattttg gacaacactt ctttatacta cagtgcagag tccctggaga cattatactc   1501 agagcctgat agctatttta gctttgaaat gcccctcact ccaatgatac aacagcgcat   1561 taaagaaggt ggtcagttct tggagaggac atcaggggga ggacatcagg atatcctgag    1621 tgtgtctgca gatggtggca tcgtgatggg ctattctagt ggcgtcacca atgggctgaa   1681 tgatgccagc gactccatct acacgaaagg caccccggag attgctttct ggggaagcaa   1741 tgctggggtg aaaacaacac ggctagaagc tcattctgaa atggggagca ctgaaatttt   1801 ggaaaaggag accccagaaa atctcagtaa tggtaccagc agcaatgtgg aagcagccaa   1861 aaggttggcc aaacgccttt atcagctgga cagattcaaa agatcagatg ttgcaaaaca   1921 ccttggcaag aacaacgaat ttagcaaact agttgcagaa gaatatctga agttttttga   1981 ttttacagga atgacgctgg atcagtcact caggtatttc tttaaagcat tctctcttgt   2041 gggagaaact caagaacgag agagagtttt aatacacttc tccaatagat atttttattg   2101 taacccagat accattgctt cacaagatgg agtccattgc cttacctgtg caataatgct   2161 tcttaatacc gatctacatg gccacaatat tggaaagaag atgacctgtc aggagttcat   2221 tgcaaatctg caaggggtaa atgagggtgt tgatttctcc aaggatctgc tgaaagctct   2281 gtacaactca atcaagaatg agaagcttga atgggcagta gatgatgaag agaaaaaaaa   2341 gtctccctca gaaagtactg aggagaaagc taacggaaca catccaaaga ccatcagtcg   2401 tattggaagt actactaacc catttttgga cattcctcat gatccaaatg ctgctgtgta   2461 caaaagtgga ttcttggctc ggaaaattca tgcagatatg gatggaaaga agactccaag   2521 aggaaaacga ggatggaaaa ccttttatgc tgtactgaag ggaacagttc tttacttgca   2581 aaaggatgaa tacaagccag aaaaggcctt gtctgaagag gacttgaaaa acgctgtgag   2641 tgtgcaccac gcattggcat ccaaggccac ggactatgag aagaaaccaa acgtgtttaa   2701 acttaaaact gccgactgga gggtcttgct ttttcaaact cagagcccag aggaaatgca   2761 agggtggata aacaaaatca attgtgtggc agctgtattt tctgcaccac catttccagc   2821 agcaatcggc tctcagaaga agtttagccg cccacttctg cctgccacta caacaaaact   2881 gtctcaggag gagcaactga agtcacatga aagtaagctg aagcagatca ccaccgagct     2941 ggccgagcac cgctcatatc cccccgacaa gaaggtcaaa gccaaggacg tcgatgagta   3001 caaactgaaa gaccactatc tggagtttga gaaaacccgc tatgaaatgt atgtcagcat   3061 tctcaaggaa ggaggcaaag agctactgag taacgatgaa agcgaggctg caggactgaa   3121 gaagtcgcac tcgagtcctt cgctgaaccc ggatacttct ccaatcactg ccaaagtcaa   3181 gcgtaacgtg tcagagagga aggatcaccg acctgaaaca ccaagcatta agcaaaaagt   3241 tacttagagt ccatctgcgg ccaggaagtg ctggtcatgg agcaaaatag ggtttttcaa   3301 gatctttctg gtaatccgtg aatatattta aaaaaaaaaa gtctgtgaca aaacggtgca   3361 ttagtaattt tttctattgt atatttttgt tagtttctgt acagattgtc tttgctcttg   3421 atttcttttg ctttgatgat ttttgcaact tgatagctaa tgcacctttt ctgtgaggag   3481 gaggggatcg tgatttcaga atgaattatg tatcccttct cttttggttt tctcttgttt   3541 gcagtctgct cagttgtttt atgtattctc atatcaactg ttaaactttt ttttaaggtt   3601 aaagaattta atccattgtg aaacacttaa ctggacaaac tgtagtttta gtaaattcta   3661 gctggagtta atatacgcct ttatatgtga aatcttgccc agtcacagag gtagaattga   3721 gcactcacag atgctccagt aagaatcaca gtgctgggaa tctagttgct ccaatatgag   3781 gcagcttcat gtgcagctta gcacttgttg ttgagatcgg accctgctgg aagcagggaa   3841 aagaagcgtg aagatcgtag gattgagaac ttagggaagc acattagctt gcttgaagtg   3901 ctgattccat ttcagccaag caagggaaag aggaagtgga gtcattttgc ctttgaaggc   3961 tgaggaaaga ttgataccca gttaattttg tttgctaaag gatgggggca ataatcggcc   4021 cttgaggagc tgcagcagta ggcatgtgct cagtctgcag gaattgttac ctcactccca   4081 cagggtctag actagaaatc catcatctct atcgttgata tccttccatc caggaataga   4141 tttttcttac tctacatatg tgtgtgtgcg tgcgtgtgtg tgcgtgtgtg ggcatggggt   4201 tgtgtcctgg ttgtgatatt gaggtcttcc ttcctaacaa attaatacta aaatgaaaca   4261 gcttttcttg tgtccttaag acaaaataag gaaggaaaac gtagctgcag ttgtccacga   4321 tggatattgg ttctttaaaa tatatctgaa agtagtagtc agaatgaatt atggttggaa   4381 aactgaggaa tcttctggtt gcaggtgcaa agtgactttg tttattcttg tctcagtctc   4441 cttgatagcc acttcactct gctactactc aactttctcc taaaaatact tcatctattt   4501 tcagtccttt ctttctgtct actcaaaatg gttctattaa ctttgcagtc atgagcttgt   4561 tccagttaca gtccctttga agttcagggt gataaacaga atattcttct gtagaggaag   4621 agaaaggagt gaaagtttag cccactgaga cctagagctt tgtgatttcc taaccttgaa   4681 actctgtaat ccctaaagtt aaaatctccg caagtggcac aacttcagaa ctaatagtat   4741 cactttgatt tttctttttc ctcccttaga aagtttctct agttctatag tttatttgtt   4801 gaaggtacta tgaccaaaga atcagctgct ctacaggaat agcatggttc cagtgaatta   4861 gagaaaacct gctgtaaagc catggtagtg tctaagtggt atgttattat gatgtactag   4921 catttattta cagaattatt tattaacgtt tacttccttc ccctctgtaa atgtccatga   4981 ctattgccca gagaaggctt acccctctct agggttgcag ttgctttctt tgtaataagt   5041 attttgccac acctgtaaaa aaaaaaacct cacttttaac tctctgcctt gtttgggtaa   5101 aggcagtaac taagtttatg tttcagaact gcaaaacaaa caggatagtt accaatatgg   5161 cccatgtatc agattgattt ttgtagcctc tcactgaatc caacatatcc acaagcaagt   5221 tatctgtctt tctacctgat aatctaaatt atcaggatat ttgttttctg cctaaatgtt   5281 tatactaagc cgaggggaga gaggtaccta gaccatgtca tctacaagct tcagtaacta   5341 aagaaaaagg aacttccctg agtggcttga atgtgtttgc ccacagtcta tatctatgta   5401 tatagaatgt ctgtatgtat tttacttatt taatatacat tgaatggtac cttgctacag   5461 tatttctgac atttagagta gtgttgaaat actcggctag catcagcacc actatagcac   5521 tgtccgtgtc atatgagtca ctaatattaa ctccagggac ttctggatag gctaatagat   5581 cattggatac gaagggctct tttgaagctt cagtatacca tgtttgcata gtttatcttt   5641 aaaaacaact ttaaaggttc ttttgtgagc caggatctca gactgccgta gcatgatgct   5701 gtccatcttt agcgcatggg ctgagaacac ctcttccctg aggcttctga aggttgctgt   5761 ctgtcatgag tgcatgaagg aggccaagag tttatgctat gggaggaaac agtcactgat   5821 ttgcctagat tctgagagtc tggcccatag ccaaccacat tttcctttgg gataatttat   5881 ttcctgtggc atctagccag aagaaattga ggatgtttcc tttcacagct gctccaagcc   5941 tgttgcccaa ttcacggtac aagggagcac cccttccctt tcctctgaag gtacgccacc   6001 cacctccgtc gcccacctca gcgcccagga gccttgggac ttccttccat atgataaatc   6061 attcttcttc acgtcaatac acttcatatt aatttctagt acagaaaatc ttgacagcta   6121 tcagaatgcc ttggtcatag tgttgttgca aaattgacca tacaggtggc ccatgtataa   6181 aatctgaatt ttaggggttt gtccccacct cgcatgctgg cttttacagg gaggtgtctg   6241 ggattcctca ttagcaatca aaacttaatt actgggatgc agagtcctta ctttatcgcc   6301 agcccgtagg catttctgaa gtgcactttt ttgaaacatc attttgctaa ctctcagcag   6361 tgtctaatta aactgagcaa tacttttgtg aattttaatt aatctcagca aaaccatgat   6421 gggagagagt cctctgatgg aaatgtagtc cctggattat gtgtaacctt tttattcctc   6481 ttagatgcag aggatagaaa gcattttttg gtgcagtggt cttgtggcaa acacaagacc   6541 ctctatgcgt ctccaactgt tatcctaatc tagaaaatga ggactggccc ctgggcaaaa    6601 gtgacatgag gaatttactc tggaagagga aaatctgggt ggctttccaa ggctaagata   6661 ggtttgtatt tcaccctgtg gccaagctac agaacttctg agattgtgga agaatttttg   6721 caaccagcag ggaaagaggc ctcttactgc ctaaacacaa agttacactg agcttttcta   6781 ctgtcctttg cctattgctc cctctatcat gtaaagatct gggaaggatg agaggcaggg   6841 cctgcttgtc atgagctgca ctcttttctt tttaactaat cattgacaat tggaagaaaa   6901 ttgacgttaa agaagtttct ccattgtctt actaacaaaa ccttttgggt ttcattaatt   6961 gtccttgaaa ttgagttcct ttggcatttt tccttgcagt catcagttaa gcatgttgca   7021 tcctgaattc acagaagttt agctttgcag gtttgaatct ctgtaattta actcccgtgg   7081 acttggtcga gttttcagca ggttgggagc cacctctctt catttcagca gtgagtcatc     7141 ccttgacttt tcaaatgaca gaattttttc caattgtaaa attagcactg taaaacaaag     7201 aaccaaagtg gcatcctaag agttgttaaa cctgaagtct agtttatgag gaattgtcca   7261 agttggagtt taaatagtat ctgcttttgt ctcaaagcat ctaagttatt ctgacagaaa   7321 atggtaagtc agctttgcag gcagatgcgc ctctgggcct cctaccttgc tccacagctt   7381 tctggccatc ttgtctccca ggccatgcca ctgctctgcc acatgtcagc aaatttcttt   7441 ccaccagtct tatagcatct tacatgatca aatcatcaca gaataacccc gtgatagatt   7501 attgatagca atagagaggg gctttgtcac tgatttttct ctcagattcc ttttccatct   7561 ctcatccata aaggaaggac tgaaatccaa aggcattctc cttttgtacc tacagtatcc   7621 agaacccacg tgggcagcct tctgcttatg acaataattg gcccattgca tgcagagaga   7681 atgtcttcat agagagaatg tcattaaata cttgaatctg catgacagtt tgacttgaat   7741 gcaacagcag gaaaattttg caagttacat aattgtatat acagtaggtt ttcttaagtc   7801 tcttcggttc atcctttgta atttgtgtgt gtatctgtag tattgcaggc ttttggagac   7861 tattcttaca ggcagtatgt cagtcatcaa agaaaatgct gtcacctgcc attgttgtat   7921 ttgtgggtat ttatagttgt atgtatgtaa atgcatcagt gtgtagattg catatcagtg   7981 tatggtacat gtacatcaaa attatttttg tccttaatca gtgtgatatg aaaagcaagt   8041 acaacctcat aggactgatt atataatgaa gttgttgaga gtatatatag tggtattgtt   8101 ttattaaact taaactcaaa taatattttg attaaaattt ttaataagac tttatgctag   8161 aaaattcttt gagctttgaa tcaccagggc aaaaatgact ttcaactaac cttgtgaatc   8221 ttttgcagtg tactgtgtgc aataccaagg gcatagctcc ctgtaatttg ggaaatacag   8281 aaagaaaaga aaaaaaaaaa aaaaggcagc ctgtgcagtc ttagtaactt tagtattaag   8341 agcacttaaa gtcaaactga caattttggg cttattacaa aatgtgatgc tttaaagcac   8401 acgttcttta ttgttgttgt aattagtcca taaaaaatat agctttcgga agaattaagt   8461 acccaccata tcatttatgt atttgtgtat gttttacggg agatcaaacc actctcgtgg   8521 tgccgcatcc gtactcgctt gacttggaag aaatatcaca agcactaaag tatatcaggg   8581 catcccagga ttgggtactg tatcctaggt ttgcagttgc agaaattagc atctagtgtc   8641 acaggtaaaa gaatttcagg accaggttta aactttattt taaatatttt tatacttagg   8701 tctctttttc ctgcctctcc ccaaagaaga gccactggcc ttagttgttt gagcttactg   8761 cttatattat agagtgtaaa taggtaacta gagactaaaa ttttattaac cagcatgttt   8821 ggtatattta aagcagtgac tgagtgtgtt tgagtgagtg gctgagtgca gtgtcttttg   8881 tttaaacaca ctgcctcgtg tctttgtagc tgattcagag agtttgaatt gtggggtggg   8941 agactaactt cagctccagg ctgcagtaat gtgttggtag ttacacttga ggcatttttt   9001 tgttgttgtt aattaactct atagtctcaa actatttttg caaatatatc atttttccta   9061 attggttctt gacgtgcagt ggactggctc tgtgaatgat tggcagggtc ttagttttgc   9121 gagagtattt ccttctaaga attattgtga tctgcagaaa cagccatttg attcaaaaat   9181 catgtagaaa aggagtagga gaagcaaaac gtttcatttt tgggccttaa ccatttgaaa   9241 tgtttggact ttaaacataa agccatggag tttataaagc caagtaacca tttgatatgg   9301 ataataatat ctactctaga gagagtatat atatgcacat tgatttttaa tgctgttaag   9361 atacttttgt aaaactgtag gaacaagagt aattagacca aattgaagct taggggacag   9421 taaagtggtt gctttccatt tagggtaacc atgcatgtgg ttagtcctct cctcctgaga   9481 ttcagaacca gttgactgtc cccttaggtg tataaggaga aaagttgaca tgtctgggac   9541 ctctgacatg tgtacacatg cttgcacaca tgcacacaca gtgaatgttt taagttatac   9601 aaacataaga ccttaagatg caaagagcca gaatattcta aagaggtgat gaacagaggg   9661 ggtggaaact gcatcacaga tgttttccaa gggccagggt ggaatctgag ctctagtgtc   9721 tgactttgag atgcattata tttttaacac ataaatgagg ggatccatat cacattcttt   9781 cttgtggacc accaaattga aggctttctt gtaattcaca agcagcagct ctccagcatc   9841 tctccgtagc ctgggtgaag tcccagaagc tggtgtgcat catttAccaa ggtggcagag   9901 ctgcttgctc tgcagatcat tcctttgaga gaggagtaca agtgaagaaa caaggaggca   9961 cttcctgtag gagcactgat gtgccttgtc cacactcccc tctgagcttt actggtaaga  10021 gagctccgac tgaacatgct gagcagttga gcacttttcc atcagcaaca acagcgagga  10081 tggaaatgga aaggaaccga actaaaatgc atttcccttt gcagggcaga gagctaagct  10141 cttaggaata gtgttataga aataagcacc ctaacttcaa ttcctgaaaa tgttggttaa  10201 tggagagaat tttggagttt cacttaatat tttcccatcg gtcgccataa ataagtcttc  10261 aggcgctcct agaagagtcc cagcccaagg ctcgattaag gaccacactg caggtctgag  10321 gctcactgct ctgagtcctg aacaccagag ccctgcagag agtggtgata acacatcatc  10381 tctgcaaaga ggaacctctc cccaggccgc cacttcactc aggcttctac tgagcagcaa  10441 ggacagcctg ggtttcaaat gccacttccc ctgctttagg gatccaggtg tcctgatagc  10501 gtgaccctgc tgaggcaagg tatcaactcc gayagtgact gagtcactga gcgtcmcaca  10561 tgaacaaacg tcatgacaaa gattctctga gtgaagttaa caccacgtat tttacctttg  10621 caaaaaacaa actggcaccc tgagttctaa ctacggacgg acgatatctt tgcctccaca  10681 cccagattcc tggaaatggc taacgtttcc tttctagggg aagggtcgag gaatactcaa  10741 gtgctagctt agcagctttg ttcagtccag atcagagctg ttaggtaaag gcctaaccac  10801 ctccctgcag tctcttatat ctcaagcttt aggaacccat ttctaaatgt acactagcgg  10861 agaatttata ttgtcagcct tgattaccat aggacaggca gaaaggcgat aatttgtatc  10921 ttttaatata aaagaagctt ttaacttttc cagcctatta taataactga gttatattca  10981 ctgtggctca aactaattgg cattgtggaa catttcttta ccttcaaagt tttctccacc  11041 aatcatttca gttctattgc agtcctggtg ccatatgtcc cctgcaaatt gtgaaagtaa  11101 ttagtgacaa aatagcagcc tgctcctttt caatggcgaa actgtcggca ttagcagttt  11161 tgggtaagct ggcggtacta taacacgtac tggaaacctg ttcctcatca ccacctacca  11221 gattctggaa atgccgtctt ctagaaaacg atggcgtttg tggtggtctt cttttgaaag  11281 gaacagtaat ttgtgtggat attgttaaag tgtttaaaga atattttgac aattaagttt  11341 acattttaca attgctttat tttttattaa aatagttgta tataaatatt accctatttc  11401 actgttgttc aagtaaatct aaaccttgta gacaagtgag tcatctgata tgtatagaag  11461 ctgtgatata tagagtacat ttattgtgta aatgtttatg aatataattg ttcctgtgtt  11521 tttataagtt ggggatattt tgttgtttta cggcaacaaa atttattgca tttaaatggt  11581 ttttatgtaa tagaaatcac gcaaaatagt gaaggattta aaatatgtat atgatacatg  11641 taaatgtaca aactttagaa agaaataaat ccaacaaatt tcaatca 

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human QPCT is available as NCBI accession number NM_012413 (gi: 68216098). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 157.

   1 ggcgatggga aggcgggcgc agtcgaccca agggtggaga agagggaagg cgaaggacgc    61 gcgttcccgg gctcgtgacc gccagcggcc cggggaaccc gctcccagac agactcggag   121 agatggcagg cggaagacac cggcgcgtcg tgggcaccct ccacctgctg ctgctggtgg   181 ccgccctgcc ctgggcatcc aggggggtca gtccgagtgc ctcagcctgg ccagaggaga   241 agaattacca ccagccagcc attttgaatt catcggctct tcggcaaatt gcagaaggca   301 ccagtatctc tgaaatgtgg caaaatgact tacagccatt gctgatagag cgatacccgg   361 gatcccctgg aagctatgct gctcgtcagc acatcatgca gcgaattcag aggcttcagg   421 ctgactgggt cttggaaata gacaccttct tgagtcagac accctatggg taccggtctt   481 tctcaaatat catcagcacc ctcaatccca ctgctaaacg acatttggtc ctcgcctgcc   541 actatgactc caagtatttt tcccactgga acaacagagt gtttgtagga gccactgatt   601 cagccgtgcc atgtgcaatg atgttggaac ttgctcgtgc cttagacaag aaactccttt   661 ccttaaagac tgtttcagac tccaagccag atttgtcact ccagctgatc ttctttgatg   721 gtgaagaggc ttttcttcac tggtctcctc aagattctct ctatgggtct cgacacttag   781 ctgcaaagat ggcatcgacc ccgcacccac ctggagcgag aggcaccagc caactgcatg   841 gcatggattt attggtctta ttggatttga ttggagctcc aaacccaacg tttcccaatt   901 tttttccaaa ctcagccagg tggttcgaaa gacttcaagc aattgaacat gaacttcatg   961 aattgggttt gctcaaggat cactctttgg aggggcggta tttccagaat tacagttatg  1021 gaggtgtgat tcaggatgac catattccat ttttaagaag aggtgttcca gttctgcatc  1081 tgataccgtc tcctttccct gaagtctggc acaccatgga tgacaatgaa gaaaatttgg  1141 atgaatcaac cattgacaat ctaaacaaaa tcctacaagt ctttgtgttg gaatatcttc  1201 atttgtaata ctctgattta gtttaggata attggttcta gaattgaatt caaaagtcaa 1261 ggcatcattt aaaataatct gatttcagac aaatgctgtg tggaaacatc tatcctatag  1321 atcatcctat tcttatgtgt ctttggttat cagatcaatt acagaataat tgtgttgtga  1381 tattgtgtcc taaattgctc attaattttt atttacagat tgaaaaagag ggaccgtgta  1441 aagaaaatgg aaaataaata tctttcaaag actcttttag ataaacacga tgaggcaaaa  1501 tcaggttcat tcattcaacg atagtttctc aacagtactt aaatagcggt tggaaaacgt  1561 agccttcatt ttatgatttt ttcatatgtg gaaatctatt acatgtaata caaaacaaac  1621 atgtagtttg aaggcggtca gatttctttg agaaatcttt gtagagttaa ttttatggaa  1681 attaaaatca gaattaaatg ctaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa 

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human RAB27A is available as NCBI accession number NM_004580 (gi: 34485707). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 158.

   1 gttttgaaag ttgatggagc gaactgcttt tccaaagact cttttgaaaa actttttaag   61 taggccattc tgactttaac atttctcttt gtcttaacat tagacaaaaa gtaaccttcc   121 tgaagaggac atgtgattgg aagttgtcaa ttgttgaagc attggtaact ccagtctcta   181 acgttttaga aaatcataac aagcggttct ctaccctgta aaggtgaact actgagttct   241 tcattatgtc tgatggagat tatgattacc tcatcaagtt tttagctttg ggagactctg   301 gtgtagggaa gaccagtgta ctttaccaat atacagatgg taaatttaac tccaaattta   361 tcacaacagt gggcattgat ttcagggaaa aaagagtggt gtacagagcc agtgggccgg   421 atggagccac tggcagaggc cagagaatcc acctgcagtt atgggacaca gcagggcagg   481 agaggtttcg tagcttaacg acagagttct tcagagatgc tatgggtttt cttctacttt   541 ttgatctgac aaatgagcaa agtttcctca atgtcagaaa ctggataagc cagctacaga   601 tgcatgcata ttgtgaaaac ccagatatag tgctgtgtgg aaacaagagt gatctggagg   661 accagagagt agtgaaagag gaggaagcca tagcactcgc agagaaatat ggaatcccct   721 actttgaaac tagtgctgcc aatgggacaa acataagcca agcaattgag atgcttctgg   781 acctgataat gaagcgaatg gaacggtgtg tggacaagtc ctggattcct gaaggagtgg   841 tgcgatcaaa tggtcatgcc tctacggatc agttaagtga agaaaaggag aaaggggcat   901 gtggctgttg agaagtcaag taagcgacat agtagttcag gtggcccatg cctgggatct  961 tctctatgat tgatacatgg cacagtgaga gattaatggg cattgtgtac aaattgcttc  1021 tcaccatccc cattagacct acgaataaag catccggttc taaaattaat ttgttgcagc  1081 tttgtaaata tttctttaag attcagcctg agagttagga gaaatatttc agagccaaaa  1141 gtgccttata caaccttagc ctattatagt aaatcattca aggattcaga attttgcagt  1201 cacagaagag tgtatttatt atgtagaatg aatgagggta ctgtcacctg ccttaatgta  1231 ggtaggccca gagtcttaca tttaagatct tacatgcagt tataaaaccg ccacagtctt  1321 caatccagat ttgaagactc atgccatagg tgacattcta aaataccatt aaagccactt  1381 aaatgttaaa taagaatata catgcacatc agctcaatgt ctttgagtat taattttatg  1441 taagcattct atttaacatg aatataggac aaatcatggc tatatctata gaccttggat  1501 aaactggatt gaccaattat acactcacgg tgactttttt attggtggga aggggattgg  1561 ggtggggcag gctggcttaa tgtaatatga gcaaccaaag tgggacttct gtctccccgc  1621 tatattccca ttgctctgaa tggttgattg aagggtcagg gaactagatt ttatggcttt  1681 agttcactgt gattgtacat ttatacttgg cctatgtgct ggccgcacct gaacatagct  1741 ggtgcttatg ccgagttatt tgcgatgagt aaatatttag tttctttttc ttcatattta  1801 taatgttgat ctggcatcct caggctgcag ctttattagc ttataactta ctcatctcta  1861 tctttaccag caggctctgt attgttgata tttgcaactt gttttgcttt tccattggtg  1921 gaattgaaat aattagtttt taattacata agatgcctgt ttgctatttg gtggaagata  1981 gatgttcata ttgaagcagt cacatttgta ctgtagttca ataaaagaaa aatgaagtat  2041 tctgtagcct atatttttca tagagctcat gagcatttac tgtacttgct gggtcttgcc  2101 aagatcattt attccgctgc attgccaaag tgtcttcata ccaaattaaa ggtggtttta  2161 atatatgttt catggaagtt gtttataaaa ttcaaaggta tttcatttag gtgaaaagtc  2221 ttatttatta aagtggtttg aataaagtag atcaaaactt ccagagatct taatggctat  2281 ataggaagaa atatcactca ccataattta aataaagaat aaaaatactt gtattttgtg  2341 gtggcaaatg tttggtagaa ctgtaattag aaaaatacaa gtatatttgc gtgatggtta  2401 cactagaagc ccagacttta cgactacaca atatattcat gtatctaaac tgtacttgta  2461 ccccctaaat ttatttttaa aaaaggaaaa ataaaagtat catgaaaaaa cctatttttt  2521 tttccactgt ccttccacta ctcccataac aaacttatcc atggttggta aaattttaca  2581 tatttctatc cttgaaatga aggcttcttt taaattccaa agaagtcatg gaggcctgtg  2641 catttgaatt gtatatgcta gtgaggaaaa gatttagaca tttcaagagc agggttggcc  2701 aggcgcggtg gctcacacct gtaatcccag cactttggga ggccgaggag ggcggatcac  2761 gaggtcagga gatcgagacc atcctggcta acacagtgaa accccatctc tactaaaaaa  2821 aaaa 

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human RXRG is available as NCBI accession number NM_006917 (gi: 58331205). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:159.

   1 gtggcaagag tagcggtgac ggcggcggcg gcggcggcgg cagcattatg cgtgattact    61 gacaggcacc agctgctgcc gccacagccg tctcaaacgc actatgtgga ctctccgatc   121 tagaggcaga ttcctgacta atcccagagg gctggcccag cctgtgctcc ccgggctgct   181 aggaagcgat gaccactctt gttagcccaa gttgaagaaa gccgggctgt gcctgggagc   241 cgagagaggc ggtaatattt agaagctgca caggagagga acatgaactg acgagtaaac   301 atgtatggaa attattctca cttcatgaag tttcccgcag gctatggagg ctcccctggc   361 cacactggct ctacatccat gagcccatca gcagccttgt ccacagggaa gccaatggac   421 agccacccca gctacacaga taccccagtg agtgccccac ggactctgag tgcagtgggg   481 acccccctca atgccctggg ctctccatat cgagtcatca cctctgccat gggcccaccc   541 tcaggagcac ttgcagcgcc tccaggaatc aacttggttg ccccacccag ctctcagcta   601 aatgtggtca acagtgtcag cagttcagag gacatcaagc ccttaccagg gcttcccggg   661 attggaaaca tgaactaccc atccaccagc cccggatctc tggttaaaca catctgtgcc   721 atctgtggag acagatcctc aggaaagcac tacggggtat acagttgtga aggctgcaaa   781 gggttcttca agaggacgat aaggaaggac ctcatctaca cgtgtcggga taataaagac   841 tgcctcattg acaagcgtca gcgcaaccgc tgccagtact gtcgctatca gaagtgcctt   901 gtcatgggca tgaagaggga agctgtgcaa gaagaaagac agaggagccg agagcgagct   961 gagagtgagg cagaatgtgc taccagtggt catgaagaca tgcctgtgga gaggattcta  1021 gaagctgaac ttgctgttga accaaagaca gaatcctatg gtgacatgaa tatggagaac  1081 tcgacaaatg accctgttac caacatatgt catgctgctg acaagcagct tttcaccctc  1141 gttgaatggg ccaagcgtat tccccacttc tctgacctca ccttggagga ccaggtcatt  1201 ttgcttcggg cagggtggaa tgaattgctg attgcctctt tctcccaccg ctcagtttcc  1261 gtgcaggatg gcatccttct ggccacgggt ttacatgtcc accggagcag tgcccacagt  1321 gctggggtcg gctccatctt tgacagagtc ctaactgagc tggtttccaa aatgaaagac  1381 atgcagatgg acaagtcgga actgggatgc ctgcgagcca ttgtactctt taacccagat  1441 gccaagggcc tgtccaaccc ctctgaggtg gagactctgc gagagaaggt ttatgccacc  1501 cttgaggcct acaccaagca gaagtatccg gaacagccag gcaggtttgc caagctgctg  1561 ctgcgcctcc cagctctgcg ttccattggc ttgaaatgcc tggagcacct cttcttcttc  1621 aagctcatcg gggacacccc cattgacacc ttcctcatgg agatgttgga gaccccgctg  1681 cagatcacct gagccccacc agccacagcc tccccaccca ggatgacccc tgggcaggtg  1741 tgtgtggacc cccaccctgc actttcctcc acctcccacc ctgaccccct tcctgtcccc  1801 aaaatgtgat gcttataata aagaaaacct ttctacacat gaaaaaaaaa aaaaaa 

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human SDC4 is available as NCBI accession number NM_002999 (gi: 38201674). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 160.

   1 actcgccgca gcctgcgcgc cttctccagt ccgcggtgcc atggcccccg cccgtctgtt    61 cgcgctgctg ctgttcttcg taggcggagt cgccgagtcg atccgagaga ctgaggtcat   121 cgacccccag gacctcctag aaggccgata cttctccgga gccctaccag acgatgagga   181 tgtagtgggg cccgggcagg aatctgatga ctttgagctg tctggctctg gagatctgga   241 tgacttggaa gactccatga tcggccctga agttgtccat cccttggtgc ctctagataa   301 ccatatccct gagagggcag ggtctgggag ccaagtcccc accgaaccca agaaactaga   361 ggagaatgag gttatcccca agagaatctc acccgttgaa gagagtgagg atgtgtccaa   421 caaggtgtca atgtccagca ctgtgcaggg cagcaacatc tttgagagaa cggaggtact   481 ggcagctctg attgtgggtg gcatcgtggg catcctcttt gccgtcttcc tgatcctact   541 gctcatgtac cgtatgaaga agaaggatga aggcagctat gacctgggca agaaacccat   601 ctacaagaaa gcccccacca atgagttcta cgcgtgaagc ttgcttgtgg gcactggctt   661 ggactttagc ggggagggaa gccaggggat tttgaagggt ggacattagg gtagggtgag   721 gtcaacctaa tactgacttg tcagtatctc cagctctgat tacctttgaa gtgttcagaa   781 gagacattgt cttctactgt tctgccaggt tcttcttgag ctttgggcct cagttgccct   841 ggcagaaaaa tggattcaac ttggcctttc tgaaggcaag actgggattg gatcacttct   901 taaacttcca gttaagaatc taggtccgcc ctcaagccca tactgaccat gcctcatcca   961 gagctcctct gaagccaggg ggctaacgga tgttgtgtgg agtcctggct ggaggtcctc  1021 ccccagtggc cttcctccct tcctttcaca gccggtctct ctgccaggaa atgggggaag  1081 gaactagaac cacctgcacc ttgagatgtt tctgtaaatg ggtacttgtg atcacactac  1141 gggaatctct gtggtatata cctggggcca ttctaggctc tttcaagtga cttttggaaa  1201 tcaacctttt ttatttgggg gggaggatgg ggaaaagagc tgagagttta tgctgaaatg  1261 gatttataga atatttgtaa atctattttt agtgtttgtt cgttttttta actgttcatt  1321 cctttgtgca gagtgtatat ctctgcctgg gcaagagtgt ggaggtgccg aggtgtcttc  1381 attctctcgc acatttccac agcacctgct aagtttgtat ttaatggttt ttgtttttgt  1441 ttttgtttgt ttcttgaaaa tgagagaaga gccggagaga tgatttttat taattttttt  1501 tttttttttt tttttttact atttatagct ttagataggg cctcccttcc cctcttcttt  1561 ctttgttctc tttcattaaa ccccttcccc agtttttttt ttatacttta aaccccgctc  1621 ctcatggcct tggccctttc tgaagctgct tcctcttata aaatagcttt tgccgaaaca  1681 tagttttttt ttagcagatc ccaaaatata atgaagggga tggtgggata tttgtgtctg  1741 tgttcttata atatattatt attcttcctt ggttctagaa aaatagataa atatattttt  1801 ttcaggaaat agtgtggtgt ttccagtttg atgttgctgg gtggttgagt gagtgaattt  1861 tcatgtggct gggtgggttt ttgccttttt ctcttgccct gttcctggtg ccttctgatg  1921 gggctggaat agttgaggtg gatggttcta ccctttctgc cttctgtttg ggacccagct  1981 ggtgttcttt ggtttgcttt cttcaggctc tagggctgtg ctatccaata cagtaaccac  2041 atgcggctgt ttaaagttaa gccaattaaa atcacataag attaaaaatt ccttcctcag  2101 ttgcactaac cacgtttcta gaggcgtcac tgtatgtagt tcatggctac tgtactgaca  2161 gcgagagcat gtccatctgt tggacagcac tattctagag aactaaactg gcttaacgag  2221 tcacagcctc agctgtgctg ggacgaccct tgtctccctg ggtagggggg ggggaatggg  2281 ggagggctga tgaggcccca gctggggcct gttgtctggg accctccctc tcctgagagg  2341 ggaggcctgg tggcttagcc tgggcaggtc gtgtctcctc ctgaccccag tggctgcggt  2401 gaggggaacc accctccctt gctgcaccag tggccattag ctcccgtcac cactgcaacc  2461 cagggtccca gctggctggg tcctcttctg cccccagtgc ccttcccctt gggctgtgtt  2521 ggagtgagca cctcctctgt aggcacctct cacactgttg tctgttactg attttttttg  2581 ataaaaagat aataaaacct ggtactttct aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human SERPINA1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_001127707 (gi: 189163541). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:161.

   1 tgggcaggaa ctgggcactg tgcccagggc atgcactgcc tccacgcagc aaccctcaga    61 gtcctgagct gaaccaagaa ggaggagggg gtcgggcctc cgaggaaggc ctagccgctg   121 ctgctgccag gaattccagg ttggaggggc ggcaacctcc tgccagcctt caggccactc   181 tcctgtgcct gccagaagag acagagcttg aggagagctt gaggagagca ggaaagcctc   241 ccccgttgcc cctctggatc cactgcttaa atacggacga ggacagggcc ctgtctcctc   301 agcttcaggc accaccactg acctgggaca gtgaatcgac aatgccgtct tctgtctcgt   361 ggggcatcct cctgctggca ggcctgtgct gcctggtccc tgtctccctg gctgaggatc   421 cccacmgaga tgctgcccag aagacagata catcccacca tgatcaggat cacccaacct   481 tcaacaagat cacccccaac ctggctgagt tcgccttcag cctataccgc cagctggcac   541 accagtccaa cagcaccaat atcttcttct ccccagtgag catcgctaca gcctttgcaa   601 tgctctccct ggggaccaag gctgacactc acgatgaaat cctggagggc ctgaatttca   661 acctcacgga gattccggag gctcagatcc atgaaggctt ccaggaactc ctccgtaccc   721 tcaaccagcc agacagccag ctccagctga ccaccggcaa tggcctgttc ctcagcgagg   781 gcctgaagct agtggataag tttttggagg atgttaaaaa gttgtaccac tcagaagcct   841 tcactgtcaa cttcggggac accgaagagg ccaagaaaca gatcaacgat tacgtggaga   901 agggtactca agggaaaatt gtggatttgg tcaaggagct tgacagagac acagtttttg   961 ctctggtgaa ttacatcttc tttaaaggca aatgggagag accctttgaa gtcaaggaca  1021 ccgaggaaga ggacttccac gtggaccagg tgaccaccgt gaaggtgcct atgatgaagc  1081 gtttaggcat gtttaacatc cagcactgta agaagctgtc cagctgggtg ctgctgatga  1141 aatacctggg caatgccacc gccatcttct tcctgcctga tgaggggaaa ctacagcacc  1201 tggaaaatga actcacccac gatatcatca ccaagttcct ggaaaatgaa gacagaaggt  1261 ctgccagctt acatttaccc aaactgtcca ttactggaac ctatgatctg aagagcgtcc  1321 tgggtcaact gggcatcact aaggtcttca gcaatggggc tgacctctcc ggggtcacag  1381 aggaggcacc cctgaagctc tccaaggccg tgcataaggc tgtgctgacc atcgacgaga  1441 aagggactga agctgctggg gccatgtttt tagaggccat acccatgtct atcccccccg  1501 aggtcaagtt caacaaaccc tttgtcttct taatgattga acaaaatacc aagtctcccc  1561 tcttcatggg aaaagtggtg aatcccaccc aaaaataact gcctctcgct cctcaacccc  1621 tcccctccat ccctggcccc ctccctggat gacattaaag aagggttgag ctggtccctg  1681 cctgcatgtg actgtaaatc cctcccatgt tttctctgag tctccctttg cctgctgagg  1741 ctgtatgtgg gctccaggta acagtgctgt cttcgggccc cctgaactgt gttcatggag  1801 catctggctg ggtaggcaca tgctgggctt gaatccaggg gggactgaat cctcagctta  1861 cggacctggg cccatctgtt tctggagggc tccagtcttc cttgtcctgt cttggagtcc  1921 ccaagaagga atcacagggg aggaaccaga taccagccat gaccccaggc tccaccaagc  1981 atcttcatgt ccccctgctc atcccccact cccccccacc cagagttgct catcctgcca  2041 gggrtggctg tgcccacccc aaggctgccc tcctgggggc cccagaactg cctgatcgtg  2101 ccgtggccca gttttgtggc atctgcagca acacaagaga gaggacaatg tcctcctctt  2161 gacccgctgt cacctaacca gactcgggcc ctgcacctct caggcacttc tggaaaatga  2221 ctgaggcaga ttcttcctga agcccattct ccatggggca acaaggacac ctattctgtc  2281 cttgtccttc catcgctgcc ccagaaagcc tcacatatct ccgtttagaa tcaggtccct  2341 tctccccaga tgaagaggag ggtctctgct ttgtAttctc tatctcctcc tcagacttga  2401 ccaggcccag caggccccag aagaccatta ccctatatcc cttctcctcc ctagtcacat  2461 ggccataggc ctgctgatgg ctcaggaagg ccattgcaag gactcctcag ctatgggaga  2521 ggaagcacat cacccattga cccccgcaac ccctcccttt cctcctctga gtcccgactg  2581 gggccacatg cagcctgact tctttgtgcc tgttgctgtc cctgcagtct tcagagggcc  2641 accgcagctc cagtgccacg gcaggaggct gttcctgaat agcccctgtg gtaagggcca  2701 ggagagtcct tccatcctcc aaggccctgc taaaggacac agcagccagg aagtcccctg  2761 ggcccctagc tgaaggacag cctgctccct ccgtctctac caggaatggc cttgtcctat  2821 ggaaggcact gccccatccc aaactaatct aggaatcact gtctaaccac tcactgtcat  2881 gaatgtgtac ttaaaggatg aggttgagtc ataccaaata gtgatttcga tagttcaaaa  2941 tggtgaaatt agcaattcta catgattcag tctaatraat ggataccgac tgtttcccac  3001 acaagtctcc tgttctctta agcttactca ctgacagcct ttcactctcc acaaatacat  3061 taaagatatg gccatcacca agccccctag gatgacacca gacctgagag tctgaagacc  3121 tggatccaag ttctgacttt tccccctgac agctgtgtga ccttcgtgaa gtcgccaaac  3181 ctctctgagc cccagtcatt gctagtaaga cctgcctttg agttggtatg atgttcaagt  3241 tagataacaa aatgtttata cccattagaa cagagaataa atagaactac atttcttgca 

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human SLC25A15 is available as NCBI accession number NM_014252 (gi: 237649033). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 162.

1 tgggggcggt ggcagggccg gtgggcggtg gcggctcccg gtctcggctc gggcacggcc 61 ctgggcaggc cgcccgccag ccgcaggggc gctcctgagc ttcgcggggc cgcagtccgg 121 gatgcctgcg cgaagggagg ggcgaagggc cggccgttgc cgacgtgggt gttaagtggc 181 cgccccagcc ggcgacccgg agccgagagc gggcggcgga gcctgagctg gacgcggcca 241 cgccggcgcg gcgggatatg tggtgcctgt cataagctcc agagagctgc cttccacaag 301 accagcagaa gagtgggcaa acatgaaatc caatcctgct atccaggctg ccattgacct 361 cacagcgggg gctgcaggag gtacagcatg tgtactgacc gggcagccct ttgacacaat 421 gaaagtgaag atgcagacgt tccctgacct gtaccggggc ctcaccgact gctgcctgaa 481 gacttactcc caggtgggct tccgtggctt ctacaagggt accagtccag cactaatcgc 541 caacatcgct gagaactcag tcctcttcat gtgctacggc ttctgccagc aggtggtgcg 601 gaaagtggct ggattggaca agcaggcaaa gctgagtgat ctgcagaatg cagccgccgg 661 ttccttcgcc tctgcctttg ctgcactggt gctctgcccc acggagctcg tgaagtgccg 721 gctgcagacc atgtatgaga tggagacatc agggaagata gccaagagcc agaatacagt 781 gtggtctgtc atcaaaagta ttcttaggaa agatggcccc ttggggttct accatggact 841 ctcaagcact ttacttcgag aagtaccagg ctatttcttc ttcttcggtg gctatgaact 901 gagccggtcc ttttttgcat cagggagatc aaaagatgaa ttaggccctg tacctttgat 961 gttaagtggt ggagttggtg ggatttgcct ctggcttgcg gtatacccag tggattgtat 1021 caaatccaga attcaagttc tttccatgtc tggaaaacag gcaggattta tcagaacctt 1081 tataaatgtt gtgaaaaatg aaggaataac ggccttatat tctggactga aacctactat 1141 gattcgagca ttccctgcca atggagcact ctttttggcc tacgaatata gcaggaagtt 1201 gatgatgaac cagttggaag catactgaag tgtcttggtg ggcctgagcc aagcacaggt 1261 gtttgaggac tacagttcat ctcagggttt cttggagtac aagaccagtg tgaagttatt 1321 ctgatttctt gggaattttg ctttttgtct tcccttctac cctacatctt aaactttatg 1381 gaagaacctc tattttgcat catatcattt ctgtccataa ttgtactgaa atagaaaagt 1441 gaccgctctt gctcttggta aaatatagag tggtcagtag ccttatgcac ctaattcaaa 1501 aggtggaata tagttctgtc agggctttta cgtaaacctc cacttgtaca tgcaatttgg 1561 acagttatgt gttgagggaa atacagtttg gtaccttgtt tatttcaaat atcagaaaaa 1621 cccagaggtg atcatttctc atgaagatgc ttataaatgg ttgcttaacc cattctagat 1681 gtagggtctg cttaatgtgt gtacttttct aagtggttga ttatttttta tttttttgat 1741 acagagtctc actctgtcac ccagactgga gtgcagtggc acgatctcgg ctcactgcaa 1801 cctccgcctc ctgggttcaa gcgattctct cacctcagcc tcctgagtag ctgggattac 1861 aggtacgcgc caccatgtcc agctaatttt ttttggtatt ttttgtagag acgaggtttc 1921 accatgttgt ccaggttggt ctcgaactcc tgacctcaag tgatccgccc acctcggcct 1981 cccaaagtgc tgggattact ggtgtgagcc accatgccca gccagtggtt gaatttttta 2041 aaaagtgttc atggggtgct tgaaaactaa aatatccttc tagatttgta agacagtata 2101 cctgcatact ggtgtggctt ccacacttga gtaaaagctt cagagtaggt atcctagatt 2161 tccccaagat gctctactct taaaatagtg ccattcattt tctaggtggg atcatattcc 2221 acgctgacta tattgctagg ggtggcccag agggtcaggc ctttgggaaa tagcatggcc 2281 tttaccagct tcccttctct cccaaagaac ttcccttctt gggctttaga ttgaggaagg 2341 ggctgagtgg taggcggtgc tgctgtgctc tgatgaagac ccatgtggct agcaacagcg 2401 cttacctttt gtctctgggt cctggcctgg ggccatcaat ccactttggg ccactcactg 2461 tctgctctgc ctccaccaat cagaaaccct tccaaggaac agtgagagcc aaagccaaga 2521 gaagccttct tccctgtttg gtgattgtgt gacagtgggt gaacctctct cagagagaac 2581 tagaaagaac tcagtgcttg tactccacag tgagtaatgt caggtctgac ccatcctgaa 2641 gcctgtcttg ccatgctttt acagtgttgg aggcttctac atttggtact tgcagtcagt 2701 aagtcttaat gatgactgta tatgtgatat gagtttataa agcaatggaa cataagaaaa 2761 gcaattgtag gccaggcgca gtggctcacg cctataatcc cagcactttg ggaggctgag 2821 gcgggcgggt cacaaggtca ggagttcgag aacagcctga ccaacatggt gaaaccccat 2881 ctctactaaa aatacaaaaa ttagctgggc gtggtggcac gtgcctgtaa tcccagctac 2941 tcaggaggct gaggcaggag aatcgcttga acccgggagg cagaggttgc agtgaactga 3001 gattgtgcca ctgcactcca gactgggtga cacagcgaga cttcatctca aaaaaaaaaa 3061 gaaaagaaaa gcaattgtac ttcactatgc catatgtatg tattcactga ccaaaaattc 3121 actgaccaac caaccaaact ccacacttca tctgatcccc catagacttg gggatggaca 3181 gctgttcttt ggccatatgg tataagagga tcattcttgt cactacttaa gttagcctca 3241 tcattttgtg ctgctccaac accagcaggg tatctcccaa taaagtgttc ctaagcagcc 3301 tgtatactga gtgcaagcag gctatcaatt ttaataatag tccataccat gtatgtgttt 3361 ctgtcagcag aatgtacatg ttgtacaaaa cctccaggtt ccttaagctt tttgctgtcc 3421 atgaatcctc tgtggcaact gtaatcacag agccagaagc cagagggcca gggatatgag 3481 aggctgacaa acatcagggg acatctgggg aggagatccc tgtcatgtct cttgtgccat 3541 ggagctatta tggctggtct tccatttgct ttttctttaa gtgaaaacca tttttctact 3601 ttgcttttct ctccatactt aaatggtcag tagctactga gtggtgcttt atctgaatag 3661 gcctggatcg aagtaaaata gaaatgggac tggctttcca caggaagtaa actgcttcag 3721 agcccacagt cccctgctca gtgtccggaa agaagtcagt catccctgtt ggcagtaaat 3781 cttcccacag gccgtccatt agagatttaa ctagatatgt tcaatagaaa gagtctgagg 3841 caagtggaaa tgaggaacgg aaacttaggt tgggagaata tttttttttt attcattctg 3901 tttgcttaat tcagagtaca gtttgtgcta tttcatatct gtactccagg cagaaatata 3961 acttgaaaat actgtgtcta aagaaatttc agtgttctat cattaaatta tttacttaat 4021 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human SLC4A4 is available as NCBI accession number NM_001098484 (gi: 197927157). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 163.

1 gcggcggcgg ccgcggtggc agcgaaggcg gcggcggcgg cggcagtggc agtggccgct 61 gcagccccac actccgccgc caaactggag gagcgacgga agccagaccc caggaggatg 121 gaggatgaag ctgtcctgga cagaggggct tccttcctca agcatgtgtg tgatgaagaa 181 gaagtagaag gccaccatac catttacatc ggagtccatg tgccgaagag ttacaggaga 241 aggagacgtc acaagagaaa gacagggcac aaagaaaaga aggaaaagga gagaatctct 301 gagaactact ctgacaaatc agatattgaa aatgctgatg aatccagcag cagcatccta 361 aaacctctca tctctcctgc tgcagaacgc atccgattca tcttgggaga ggaggatgac 421 agcccagctc cccctcagct cttcacggaa ctggatgagc tgctggccgt ggatgggcag 481 gagatggagt ggaaggaaac agccaggtgg atcaagtttg aagaaaaagt ggaacagggt 541 ggggaaagat ggagcaagcc ccatgtggcc acattgtccc ttcatagttt atttgagctg 601 aggacatgta tggagaaagg atccatcatg cttgatcggg aggcttcttc tctcccacag 661 ttggtggaga tgattgttga ccatcagatt gagacaggcc tattgaaacc tgaacttaag 721 gataaggtga cctatacttt gctccggaag caccggcatc aaaccaagaa atccaacctt 781 cggtccctgg ctgacattgg gaagacagtc tccagtgcaa gtaggatgtt taccaaccct 841 gataatggta gcccagccat gacccatagg aatctgactt cctccagtct gaatgacatt 901 tctgataaac cggagaagga ccagctgaag aataagttca tgaaaaaatt gccacgtgat 961 gcagaagctt ccaacgtgct tgttggggag gttgactttt tggatactcc tttcattgcc 1021 tttgttaggc tacagcaggc tgtcatgctg ggtgccctga ctgaagttcc tgtgcccaca 1081 aggttcttgt tcattctctt aggtcctaag gggaaagcca agtcctacca cgagattggc 1141 agagccattg ccaccctgat gtctgatgag gtgttccatg acattgctta taaagcaaaa 1201 gacaggcacg acctgattgc tggtattgat gagttcctag atgaagtcat cgtccttcca 1261 cctggggaat gggatccagc aattaggata gagcctccta agagtcttcc atcctctgac 1321 aaaagaaaga atatgtactc aggtggagag aatgttcaga tgaatgggga tacgccccat 1381 gatggaggtc acggaggagg aggacatggg gattgtgaag aattgcagcg aactggacgg 1441 ttctgtggtg gactaattaa agacataaag aggaaagcgc cattttttgc cagtgatttt 1501 tatgatgctt taaatattca agctctttcg gcaattctct tcatttatct ggcaactgta 1561 actaatgcta tcacttttgg aggactgctt ggggatgcca ctgacaacat gcagggcgtg 1621 ttggagagtt tcctgggcac tgctgtctct ggagccatct tttgcctttt tgctggtcaa 1681 ccactcacta ttctgagcag caccggacct gtcctagttt ttgagaggct tctatttaat 1741 ttcagcaagg acaataattt tgactatttg gagtttcgcc tttggattgg cctgtggtcc 1801 gccttcctat gtctcatttt ggtagccact gatgccagct tcttggttca atacttcaca 1861 cgtttcacgg aggagggctt ttcctctctg attagcttca tctttatcta tgatgctttc 1921 aagaagatga tcaagcttgc agattactac cccatcaact ccaacttcaa agtgggctac 1981 aacactctct tttcctgtac ctgtgtgcca cctgacccag ctaatatctc aatatctaat 2041 gacaccacac tggccccaga gtatttgcca actatgtctt ctactgacat gtaccataat 2101 actacctttg actgggcatt tttgtcgaag aaggagtgtt caaaatacgg aggaaacctc 2161 gtcgggaaca actgtaattt tgttcctgat atcacactca tgtcttttat cctcttcttg 2221 ggaacctaca cctcttccat ggctctgaaa aaattcaaaa ctagtcctta ttttccaacc 2281 acagcaagaa aactgatcag tgattttgcc attatcttgt ccattctcat cttttgtgta 2341 atagatgccc tagtaggcgt ggacacccca aaactaattg tgccaagtga gttcaagcca 2401 acaagtccaa accgaggttg gttcgttcca ccgtttggag aaaacccctg gtgggtgtgc 2461 cttgctgctg ctatcccggc tttgttggtc actatactga ttttcatgga ccaacaaatt 2521 acagctgtga ttgtaaacag gaaagaacat aaactcaaga aaggagcagg gtatcacttg 2581 gatctctttt gggtggccat cctcatggtt atatgctccc tcatggctct tccgtggtat 2641 gtagctgcta cggtcatctc cattgctcac atcgacagtt tgaagatgga gacagagact 2701 tctgcacctg gagaacaacc aaagtttcta ggagtgaggg aacaaagagt cactggaacc 2761 cttgtgttta ttctgactgg tctgtcagtc tttatggctc ccatcttgaa gtttataccc 2821 atgcctgtac tctatggtgt gttcctgtat atgggagtag catcccttaa tggtgtgcag 2881 ttcatggatc gtctgaagct gcttctgatg cctctgaagc atcagcctga cttcatctac 2941 ctgcgtcatg ttcctctgcg cagagtccac ctgttcactt tcctgcaggt gttgtgtctg 3001 gccctgcttt ggatcctcaa gtcaacggtg gctgctatca tttttccagt aatgatcttg 3061 gcacttgtag ctgtcagaaa aggcatggac tacctcttct cccagcatga cctcagcttc 3121 ctggatgatg tcattccaga aaaggacaag aaaaagaagg aggatgagaa gaaaaagaaa 3181 aagaagaagg gaagtctgga cagtgacaat gatgattctg actgcccata ctcagaaaaa 3241 gttccaagta ttaaaattcc aatggacatc atggaacagc aacctttcct aagcgatagc 3301 aaaccttctg acagagaaag atcaccaaca ttccttgaac gccacacatc atgctgataa 3361 aattcctttc cttcagtcac tcggtatgcc aagtcctcct agaactccag taaaagttgt 3421 gcctcaaatt agaatagaac ttgaacctga agacaatgat tatttctgga ggagcaaggg 3481 aacagaaact acattgtaac ctgtttgtct ttcttaaaac tgacatttgt tgttaatgtc 3541 atttgttttt gtttggctgt ttgtttattt tttaactttt atttcgtctc agtttttggt 3601 cacaggccaa ataatacagc gctctctctg cttctctctt gcatagatac aatcaagaca 3661 atagtgcacc gttccttaaa aacagcatct gaggaatccc ccttttgttc ttaaactttc 3721 agatgtgtcc tttgataacc aaattctgtc actcaagaca cagacacgca cagaccctgt 3781 cctttgcctc tattaagcag aggatggaag tattaaggat tttgtaacac cttttatgaa 3841 aatgttgaag gaacttaaaa ctttagcttt ggagctgtgc ttactggctt gtctttgtct 3901 ggtagaacaa accttgacct ccagacagag tcccttctca cttatagagc tctccaggac 3961 tggaaaaagt gctgctattt taacttgctc ttgcttgtaa atcctaatct tagagttatc 4021 aaaagaagaa aaaactgaag gtactttact ccctatagag aaaccattgc catcattgta 4081 gcaagtgctg gaatgtccct tttttcctat gcaacttttt ttaacccttt aatgaactta 4141 tctgttgagt acattgaaga atatttttct tcctagattt tgttgtttaa attatggggc 4201 ctaacctgcc acttattttt tgtcaatttt taaaactttt ttttaattac tgtaaagaaa 4261 atgaattttt tcctgcagca ggaaacatag ttttgagtag ttctacctct tatttgtagc 4321 tgccaggctt tctgtaaaaa ttgtattgta tataatgtga tttttacaca tacatacaca 4381 cacaaataca caatctctag ggtaagccag aaggcaagat cagattaaaa acaccatgtt 4441 tctaagcatc catttttccc tttctttaaa agaaacttaa ctgttctatg aaggagattg 4501 agggagaaga gacaaactcc tatgtcatga gaataaccga tgttctgata atagtagcat 4561 ctaggtacag atgctggttg tattaccacg tcaatgtcct atgcagtatt gttagacatt 4621 ttctcatttt gaaatatttg tgtgtttgtg tatgtgctct gtgccatggc tggtgtatat 4681 atgtgcaatg ttagaaggca aaagagtgat ggtaggcaga gggcaaagtc attgaatctc 4741 ttatgccagt tttcataaaa cccaaaccac atatgaaaaa atccattaag ggtccaagaa 4801 gtctgtccat atgaaaatga gggtaaatat agtttatttc ccaggtatca gtcattataa 4861 ttgatataat agctctaaca tgcaatataa aattcatagg agtattaata gcccatttac 4921 acatctataa aatgtaatgg gattgcagag ctgcagagta cagtgtaaca gtactctcat 4981 gcaatttttt tcaggatgca aaggcaatta ttctttgtaa gcgggacatt tagaatatat 5041 ttgtgtacat attatatgta tgtatatttc aaagtaccac actgaaaatt agacatttat 5101 taaccaaatt taacgtggta tttaaaggta atatttttaa tatgatacat tacatattgt 5161 gaatgtatac taaaaaaaca ttttaaatgt taaaattata atttcagatt catataacca 5221 caactgtgat atatcctaac tataaccagt tgttgagggg tatactagaa gcagaatgaa 5281 accacatttt ttggtttgat aatatgcact tattgactcc cactcattgt tatgttaatt 5341 aagttattat tctgtctcct tgtaattttg attacaaaaa ttttattatc ctgagttagc 5401 tgttactttt acagtacctg atactcctaa aacttttaac ttatacaaat tagtcaataa 5461 tgaccccaat tttttcatta aaataatagt ggtgaattat atgttattgt gttaaaacct 5521 cacttgccaa attctggctt cacatttgta tttagggcta tccttaaaat gatgagtcta 5581 tattatctag ctttctatta ccctaatata aactggtata agaagacttt ccttttttct 5641 ttatgcatgg aagcatcaat aaattgttta aaaaccatgt atagtaaatt cagcttaacc 5701 cgtgatcttc ttaagttaaa ggtacttttg ttttataaaa gctctagata aaactttctt 5761 ttctgatcat gaatcaagta tctgtggttt catgcccctc tctatacctt tcaaagaact 5821 cctgaagcaa cttaactcat catttcagcc tctgagtaga ggtaaaacct atgtgtactt 5881 ctgtttatga tccatattga tatttatgac atgaacacag aatagtacct tacatttgct 5941 aaacagacag ttaatatcaa atcctttcaa tattctggga acccagggaa gtttttaaaa 6001 atgtcattac tttcaaagga acagaagtag ttaaccaaac taacaagcaa aacctgaggt 6061 ttacctagtg acaccaaatt atcggtattt taactgaatt tacccattga ctaagaatga 6121 accagatttg gtggtggttt tgtttctatg caaactggac acaaattaca acagtaaatt 6181 tttttataag tgcttctccc ttctccatga tgtgacttcc ggagataaag gattcaaaag 6241 ataaagacaa agtacgctca gagttgttaa ccagaaagtc ctggctgtgg ttgcagaaac 6301 actgttggaa gaaaagagat gactaagtca agtgtctgcc ttatcaaaag agcaaaaatg 6361 cctctggttt tgtgtttggg agaaaaatat cttggacgca ctgttttcct tgataaaagt 6421 catcttctct actgtgtgaa atgaatactt ggaattctaa ttgttttgtg tgccaggggc 6481 agtaatgtcc ctgcctcttc tcccaatcaa ggttgaggag tggggctggg gagaggactt 6541 aactgactta agaagtagga aaacaaaaac ctctctcctc agccttccac ctccaagaga 6601 ggaggaaaaa cagttgtctg ctgtctgtaa ttcagtttgc gtgtatttta tgctcatgca 6661 ccaacccata cagagtaaat cttttatcaa ctatatactg gtgtttaata gagaatgatt 6721 gtcttccgag ttttttggtt ccttttttaa ctgtgttaaa gtacttgaaa tgtattgact 6781 gctgactata ttttaaaaac aaaatgaaat aatttgagtt gtattacaga ggttgacatt 6841 gttcagggat gggacaaagc cttcttcaat ccttttcata ctacttaatg attttggtgc 6901 aggaacctga gattttctga tttatatttc atgatatttc acatttgctc ttcacagcat 6961 gagcatgaag cccagtggca ccaaatggct gggtacaatc aagtgatatt ttgtagcacc 7021 tcactatctg aaaggccatg agttttcaga tgatttcatt gagcttcatt gcagcctgaa 7081 attttaaaaa agttgtgtaa tacgccaacc agtcaagttg tgttttggcc agagatttag 7141 atatgtccaa tttcctggct catttcattg tgctctatgg gtacgtataa aaagcaagaa 7201 ttctgtttcc taggcaaaca ttgcaactca gggctaaagt catccagtga aacttttaga 7261 gccagaagta actttgtccc agtcctacaa tgtgaaaaga gtgaatagtt gcctcttttt 7321 agccattttc atggctggta catattcgta cgcattactt ttcagaatca atacgcactt 7381 tcagatattc ttatttttat tctcttaagt ctttattaac tttggagaga gaaatgatgc 7441 attttttat tttaaatgaa gtagatcaac atggtggaac aaaatgataa agaacagaaa 7501 acatttcaat atattactaa taactttttc caatataaat cctaaaattc ctataacata 7561 gtattttaca gttttatgaa gctttctatt gtgactttta tggaattaag agatgaagaa 7621 gatgagatat tttagcattt atatttttca aaattatatg tatacttaaa aataaagtaa 7681 ctttatgcat tta

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human SLIT1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_003061 (gi: 188528674). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 164.

1 gggagaggga gacgcaggcg gcgaaacggc agaggagccg agccccctcc gcccaaggcg 61 ccctccctcc gtccgcgcac aggcgccgtc gcttggagga gcaaggtgcc tcccagcccg 121 caggggcgcc gcgcgcaagc ccgcgggctc ttcggtggct ctgccccggg actgcacctg 181 gaggcggccc cggacgggga tggtcagcgg ctgctgccgt ctggctcgcg agcgggacgc 241 tgtgagggca ccatggcgct gactcccggg tgggggtcct cggcggggcc ggtccggccg 301 gagctctggc tgctgctgtg ggcagccgcg tggcgcctgg gtgcctcggc gtgccccgcc 361 ctctgcacct gcaccggaac cacggtggac tgccacggca cggggctgca ggccattccc 421 aagaatatac ctcggaacac cgagcgcctg gaactcaatg gcaacaacat cactcggatc 481 cataagaatg actttgcggg gctcaagcag ctgcgggtgc tgcagctgat ggagaaccag 541 attggagcag tggaacgtgg tgcttttgat gacatgaagg agctggagcg gctgcgactg 601 aaccgaaacc agctgcacat gttaccggaa ctgctgttcc agaacaacca ggctttgtca 661 agactggact tgagtgagaa cgccatccag gccatcccca ggaaagcttt tcggggagct 721 acggacctta aaaatttaca gctggacaag aaccagatca gctgcattga ggaaggggcc 781 ttccgtgctc tgcgggggct ggaggtgctg accctgaaca acaacaatat caccaccatc 841 cccgtgtcca gcttcaacca tatgcccaag ctacggacct tccgcctgca ctccaaccac 901 ctgttttgcg actgccacct ggcctggctc tcgcagtggc tgaggcagcg gccaaccatc 961 gggctcttca cccagtgctc gggcccagcc agcctgcgtg gcctcaatgt ggcagaggtc 1021 cagaagagtg agttcagctg ctcaggccag ggagaagcgg ggcgcgtgcc cacctgcacc 1081 ctgtcctccg gctcctgccc ggccatgtgc acctgcagca atggcatcgt ggactgtcgt 1141 ggaaaaggcc tcactgccat cccggccaac ctgcccgaga ccatgacgga gatacgcctg 1201 gagctgaacg gcatcaagtc catccctcct ggagccttct caccctacag aaagctacgg 1261 aggatagacc tgagcaacaa tcagatcgct gagattgcac ccgacgcctt ccagggcctc 1321 cgctccctga actcgctggt cctctatgga aacaagatca cagacctccc ccgtggtgtg 1381 tttggaggcc tatacaccct acagctcctg ctcctgaatg ccaacaagat caactgcatc 1441 cggcccgatg ccttccagga cctgcagaac ctctcactgc tctccctgta tgacaacaag 1501 atccagagcc tcgccaaggg cactttcacc tccctgcggg ccatccagac tctgcacctg 1561 gcgcagaacc ctttcatttg cgactgtaac ctcaagtggc tggcagactt cctgcgcacc 1621 aatcccatcg agacgagtgg tgcccgctgt gccagtcccc ggcgcctcgc caacaagcgc 1681 atcgggcaga tcaagagcaa gaagttccgg tgctcagcca aagagcagta cttcattcca 1741 ggcacggagg attaccagct gaacagcgag tgcaacagcg acgtggtctg tccccacaag 1801 tgccgctgtg aggccaacgt ggtggagtgc tccagcctga agctcaccaa gatccctgag 1861 cgcatccccc agtccacggc agaactgcga ttgaataaca atgagatttc catcctggag 1921 gccactggga tgtttaaaaa acttacacat ctgaagaaaa tcaatctgag caacaacaag 1981 gtgtcagaaa ttgaagatgg ggccttcgag ggcgcagcct ctgtgagcga gctgcaccta 2041 actgccaacc agctggagtc catccggagc ggcatgttcc ggggtctgga tggcttgagg 2101 accctaatgc tgcggaacaa ccgcatcagc tgcatccaca acgacagctt cacgggcctg 2161 cgcaacgtcc ggctcctctc gctctacgac aaccagatca ccaccgtatc cccaggagcc 2221 ttcgacaccc tccagtccct ctccacactg aatctcctgg ccaacccttt caactgcaac 2281 tgccagctgg cctggctagg aggctggcta cggaagcgca agatcgtgac ggggaacccg 2341 cgatgccaga accctgactt tttgcggcag attcccctgc aggacgtggc cttccctgac 2401 ttcaggtgtg aggaaggcca ggaggagggg ggctgcctgc cccgcccaca gtgcccacag 2461 gagtgcgcct gcctggacac cgtggtccga tgcagcaaca agcacctgcg ggccctgccc 2521 aagggcattc ccaagaatgt cacagaactc tatttggacg ggaaccagtt cacgctggtt 2581 ccgggacagc tgtctacctt caagtacctg cagctcgtgg acctgagcaa caacaagatc 2641 agttccttaa gcaattcctc cttcaccaac atgagccagc tgaccactct gatcctcagc 2701 tacaatgccc tgcagtgcat cccgcctttg gccttccagg gactccgctc cctgcgcctg 2761 ctgtctctcc acggcaatga catctccacc ctccaagagg gcatctttgc agacgtgacc 2821 tccctgtctc acctggccat tggtgccaac cccctatact gtgactgcca cctccgctgg 2881 ctgtccagct gggtgaagac tggctacaag gaaccgggca ttgctcgttg tgctgggccc 2941 caggacatgg agggcaagct gctcctcacc acgcctgcca agaagtttga atgccaaggt 3001 cctccaacgc tggctgtcca ggccaagtgt gatctctgct tgtccagtcc gtgccagaac 3061 cagggcacct gccacaacga cccccttgag gtgtacaggt gcgcctgccc cagcggctat 3121 aagggtcgag actgtgaggt gtccctggac agctgttcca gtggcccctg tgaaaatggg 3181 ggcacctgcc atgcacagga gggcgaggat gccccgttca cgtgctcctg tcccaccggc 3241 tttgaaggac caacctgtgg ggtgaacaca gatgactgtg tggatcatgc ctgtgccaat 3301 gggggcgtct gtgtggatgg tgtgggcaac tacacctgcc agtgccccct gcagtatgag 3361 ggaaaggcct gtgagcagct ggtggacttg tgctctccgg atctgaaccc atgtcaacac 3421 gaggcccagt gtgtgggcac cccggatggg cccaggtgtg agtgcatgcc aggttatgca 3481 ggtgacaact gcagtgagaa ccaggatgac tgcagggacc accgctgcca gaatggggcc 3541 cagtgtatgg atgaagtcaa cagctactcc tgcctctgtg ctgagggcta cagtggacag 3601 ctctgtgaga tccctcccca tctgcctgcc cccaagagcc cctgtgaggg gactgagtgc 3661 cagaatgggg ccaactgtgt ggaccagggc aacaggcctg tgtgccagtg cctcccaggc 3721 ttcggtggcc ctgagtgtga gaagttgctc agtgtcaact ttgtggatcg ggacacttac 3781 ctgcagttca ctgacctgca aaactggcca cgggccaaca tcacgttgca ggtctccacg 3841 gcagaggaca atgggatcct tctgtacaac ggggacaacg accacattgc agttgagctg 3901 taccagggcc atgtgcgtgt cagctacgac ccaggcagct accccagctc tgccatctac 3961 agtgctgaga cgatcaacga tgggcaattc cacaccgttg agctggttgc ctttgaccag 4021 atggtgaatc tctccattga tggcgggagc cccatgacca tggacaactt tggcaaacat 4081 tacacgctca acagcgaggc gccactctat gtgggaggga tgcccgtgga tgtcaactca 4141 gctgccttcc gcctgtggca gatcctcaac ggcaccggct tccacggttg catccgaaac 4201 ctgtacatca acaacgagct gcaggacttc accaagacgc agatgaagcc aggcgtggtg 4261 ccaggctgcg aaccctgccg caagctctac tgcctgcatg gcatctgcca gcccaatgcc 4321 accccagggc ccatgtgcca ctgcgaggct ggctgggtgg gcctgcactg tgaccagccc 4381 gctgacggcc cctgccatgg ccacaagtgt gtccatgggc aatgcgtgcc cctcgacgct 4441 ctttcctaca gctgccagtg ccaggatggg tactcggggg cactgtgcaa ccaggccggg 4501 gccctggcag agccctgcag aggcctgcag tgcctgcatg gccactgcca ggcctcaggc 4561 accaaggggg cacactgtgt gtgtgacccc ggcttttcgg gcgagctgtg tgagcaagag 4621 tccgagtgcc ggggggaccc tgtccgggac tttcaccagg tccagagggg ctatgccatc 4681 tgccagacca cgcgccccct gtcatgggtg gagtgccggg gctcgtgccc aggccagggc 4741 tgctgccagg gccttcggct gaagcggagg aagttcacct ttgagtgcag cgatgggacc 4801 tcttttgccg aggaggtgga aaagcccacc aagtgtggct gtgccctctg cgcatagcgc 4861 tgggcgtgga caggccggtg agggcgggca aggggcccca gccgctgcag cagcggagac 4921 agtcgccagc agctgggctg gggtgcaggt catcacagga cggctcctgg gcagctgggc 4981 cctcctgggt ggggtggtgc cagagcagcc ttttaaaagc aaattgcgcc atagctgggg 5041 gcagcggggg tgggcgaggc ctgagctgcg ggctgccctc tccggaagtg ccttgcacaa 5101 ataggcgctt aataaatatt tgttgagtga atgtgtgcgt gaggtcaggc caagaagtgc 5161 agaacgatga cacccctcct tacctgctat ctgaatctgg agaagaaaaa tgacagcctt 5221 ccaaaccaac ccttcccttt ggcctgtggc ccaggctggc ttggaactgg gtctgtggcc 5281 ccagaagcct cttacccctc tgcgggcaac catgaagtac tgtcagcctc cccgggaagc 5341 cagcctggtt cattctgctg ctacagaatc tgctggtggt aggccaggct ctggagcggg 5401 ggtgccgcct cctgctggcc agggagggtc ggacccttgc cccctgggct gactggcagc 5461 tctgcagcca cggcttggga acgaggctgt gggtggaggt ggttcttagg accaggcctc 5521 tgaatcctaa agttctagca tgactactgt agctgcgagg gcttatgtgg aggaaacagt 5581 cacaggggct gctcagggtg gcagacccca ctaaagaggg cagagggttc tttgctctag 5641 ataaacaaac atcatctgcc tccagacact ggccacagta ggagtattgg tcctgggctt 5701 ccccagccac cagtcagcca caagctgtcg gtgacctatt ggtagaggga ctgggtgtga 5761 gggtctgggc cagggtgctt gacctgggag cagctggttc agagtccttc acaccgcagg 5821 ccagtaggga gcagtggaag ggacagtgct ccaggcattg ggaagtccct gctggctcta 5881 tcactcgggg caaacttctc cccacctggg ccttgggttc ttcagctata aaatggccag 5941 aggtgggggg cgggatgact aaaggaacag tgcagactcc cccactgtgg tcttgggagg 6001 ccagaggagt tagaagacct atctatctat ctatctatct acattgatca catcaaaagt 6061 atttatgtgc ctaacccggg gctggggatt gtggacgttc tggcctaatg gacagatgtg 6121 aactcatccc agagcatcgc aggaatgacc aggatgcccg gggagagttg agctgagtgg 6181 gggctccagc cacagacagc ggcccaggcc agggagttgc tggcaacgaa ggagccagtg 6241 gtggaagaag aagaggccct gaatatacga ttgcctgccc acgttgtctt ctcttccata 6301 cacagtgaaa atgtagaaag atggtttgtg aggccaaact gtgaatgggc taaagggagg 6361 caaagttgca ctctccttcc ccagagggct caccaagagg gcacaccccc gggggttctg 6421 gtgggcaacg ggggtgagca tgtccctgcc ctggctccct ccatctgtga ccaggaggca 6481 tggctgggtg tatgttcagg tgaggctcag agtggcattg tgtccctgtc ccctgcccag 6541 ggcagtgagg ggagcccttg atgctgatta gaaggctaga actggggtag aggtgcctgg 6601 catgtctcat gccatgggga ctcaatctag caactgtgag tcctggggtc cctgtgatgg 6661 gaagagggca gtgccctgcc caatgtggca ggtgtcctca tggcaggatc tgcccctcac 6721 cagggggctg ggatctactt gcttggagct ctgagcaagg ccacaatgcc cgcccccacc 6781 cccaagtaga ctgcagcctg ggcctcatgg ggcttctccc aggcccacat ggcatccctc 6841 tctgagtttc caggccaccg tgggaccctg cagagcatct gcaccgggct ggatagggca 6901 gaaaagctca agggcagcta gcttgcctct tccctggaag aaaggtgctc tgggactcac 6961 caaccctgag aaagatagct ttcctggcca ccaccattcc ccaccaccct ggagaagcca 7021 attcccaggc ttgaagggca ctggctggca ggaggcctct tcattctgca ggaggtggaa 7081 aggacacctg tagacaggtg atgctcaccc ctcacctggc gccatggggc tgggaggtga 7141 gcggctggca tgtttgttcc tagggagcac catgtgagct taaggctccc ctgaccggcc 7201 ccaccacatg gcccagcctc ctagcacagc agcgctgacc tcagtgcagt ctgaggattg 7261 gaatccacca tgagatgatg tgagagctgt gtgccccagg atcaactttt tctccaactt 7321 ggccatcagc cagcgagttg ctaaggacct gagtcagcac tcacgttgcc tattcacact 7381 ccgcttgaaa gtccggaagg tggctactgc aaaatcaccc ctctgagaag tcctctctcc 7441 acatcttgtc cccctttgtg aagaccccta gttcgctctg cattttaggc atgaagagat 7501 acagcagggt gcgtccggag ggagctgtgg ccttgcaaca ccactggcaa cagggccggg 7561 gctcccggtg aaggtgtcag gaagtggaaa aggctggact ttgtctcctc tttgcctgct 7621 ggtagcctaa ccgcaaaagt atctctttat acagaatact tacagattct aatatatatt 7681 tgtatttcat tttgttacag tatttttata tgttaaagtc aacatccagc gtcttgtttt 7741 gcctttcaga tgctatgtgg tcgtggcacg ttttgttggg ggtttctgta gtcgtcttgt 7801 ttggatcaac tcctagaggc tggtttagaa caggcccatg agggagctgc acctgccctg 7861 gaagtattgt tttagactat gtcgatattg tctgttgtct tccatgtgaa catgacattg 7921 agtcactctg caaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human SPTAN1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_001130438 (gi: 194595508). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 165.

1 gccactaccc gctgcggagt gaacggtgtg gagcggaggc cgcggaggct cctaggtcct 61 tcagcacccc tcggcccgac gcacccacgc ccctcacccc ccgagagccg aaaatggacc 121 caagtggggt caaagtgctg gaaacagcag aggacatcca ggagaggcgg cagcaggtcc 181 tagaccgata ccaccgcttc aaggaactct caacccttag gcgtcagaag ctggaagatt 241 cctatcgatt ccagttcttt caaagagatg ctgaagagct ggagaaatgg atacaggaaa 301 aacttcagat tgcatctgat gagaattata aagacccaac caacttgcag ggaaagcttc 361 agaagcatca agcatttgaa gctgaagtgc aggccaactc aggagccatt gttaagctgg 421 atgaaactgg aaacctgatg atctcagaag ggcattttgc atctgaaacc atacggaccc 481 gtttgatgga gctgcaccgc cagtgggaat tacttttgga gaagatgcga gaaaaaggaa 541 tcaaactgct gcaggcccag aagttggtgc agtacttacg agaatgtgag gacgtgatgg 601 actggatcaa tgacaaggaa gcaattgtta cttctgaaga gctgggccag gatctggagc 661 atgtagaggt tttacagaag aaatttgaag agtttcaaac agatatggct gctcatgaag 721 aaagagttaa tgaagtgaac cagtttgctg ccaaactcat acaggagcag caccctgagg 781 aggaactgat caagactaag caggatgaag tcaatgcagc ctggcagcgg ctgaagggcc 841 tggctctgca gaggcagggg aagctctttg gggcagcaga agttcagcgc tttaacaggg 901 atgtggatga gactatcagt tggattaagg aaaaggagca gttaatggcc tctgatgatt 961 ttggccgaga cctggcaagt gttcaggctc tgcttcggaa gcacgagggt ctggagagag 1021 atcttgctgc tctagaagac aaggtcaaag ccctgtgtgc tgaggctgac cgcctgcaac 1081 agtcccaccc tctgagtgca acacagattc aagtgaagcg agaggaactg attacaaact 1141 gggagcagat ccgcaccttg gcggcagaga gacatgcacg gctcaatgat tcatacaggc 1201 ttcaacgctt ccttgctgac ttccgtgacc tcaccagctg ggtgactgag atgaaagccc 1261 tcatcaatgc agatgagctt gccagtgatg tggctggggc tgaagccctg ctagatagac 1321 accaagagca caagggtgaa attgatgccc atgaagacag cttcaaatct gcagatgaat 1381 ctggacaggc actgcttgct gctggtcact atgcctcaga tgaagtgagg gagaagctga 1441 ccgtcctttc cgaggagaga gcggcgctgc tggagctgtg ggagctgcgc aggcagcagt 1501 acgagcagtg catggacctg cagctcttct accgggacac tgagcaggtg gacaactgga 1561 tgagcaagca ggaggcgttc ctgttgaatg aagacttggg agattccttg gatagtgtgg 1621 aagcgcttct taagaagcac gaagactttg agaaatccct tagtgcccag gaggaaaaga 1681 ttacagcatt agatgaattt gcaaccaagc taattcagaa caaccactat gcaatggaag 1741 atgtggccac tcgccgagat gctctgttga gccgccgcaa tgcccttcac gagagagcca 1801 tgcgtcgccg ggcccagcta gccgattctt tccatctgca gcagtttttc cgtgattctg 1861 atgagctcaa gagttgggtc aatgagaaga tgaaaactgc cacagatgaa gcttataaag 1921 atccatccaa cctacaagga aaagtacaga agcatcaggc ttttgaggct gagctctcag 1981 caaaccagag ccgaattgat gccttggaga aagctggcca aaagctgatt gatgtcaacc 2041 actatgccaa ggatgaagtg gcagctcgta tgaatgaggt gatcagtttg tggaagaaac 2101 tgctagaggc cactgaactg aaaggaataa agcttcgtga agccaaccag caacagcaat 2161 ttaatcgcaa tgttgaggat attgaattgt ggctatatga agtagaaggt cacttggctt 2221 cggatgatta cggcaaagat cttaccaatg tgcagaacct ccagaagaaa catgccctgc 2281 tagaggcaga tgtggctgct caccaggacc gaattgatgg catcaccatt caggcccgcc 2341 agttccaaga tgctggccat tttgatgcag aaaacatcaa gaagaaacag gaagccctcg 2401 tggctcgcta tgaggcactc aaggagccca tggttgcccg gaagcagaag ctggccgatt 2461 ctctgcggtt gcagcagctc ttccgggatg ttgaggatga ggagacgtgg attcgagaga 2521 aagagcccat tgccgcatct accaacagag gtaaggattt aattggggtc cagaatctgc 2581 taaagaaaca tcaagcctta caagcagaaa ttgctggaca tgaaccacgc atcaaagcag 2641 ttacacagaa ggggaatgcc atggtggagg aaggccattt tgctgcagag gatgtgaagg 2701 ccaagcttca cgagctgaac caaaagtggg aggcactgaa agccaaagct tcccagcgtc 2761 ggcaggacct ggaggactct ctgcaggccc agcagtactt tgctgatgct aacgaggctg 2821 aatcctggat gcgggagaag gaacccattg tgggcagcac tgactatggc aaggacgaag 2881 actctgctga ggctctactg aagaaacacg aagctttgat gtcagatctc agtgcctacg 2941 gcagcagcat ccaggctttg cgagaacaag cacagtcctg ccggcaacaa gtggccccca 3001 cggatgatga gactgggaag gagctggtct tggctctcta cgactatcag gagaagagtc 3061 cccgagaggt caccatgaag aagggagata tccttacctt actcaacagc accaacaagg 3121 attggtggaa agtggaagtg aacgatcgtc agggttttgt gccggctgcg tacgtgaaga 3181 aattggaccc cgcccagtca gcctcccggg agaatctcct ggaggagcaa ggcagcatag 3241 cactgcggca ggagcagatt gacaatcaga cacgcataac taaggaggcc ggcagtgtat 3301 ctctgcgtat gaagcaggtg gaagaactat atcattctct gctggaactg ggtgagaagc 3361 gtaaaggcat gttggagaag agttgcaaga agtttatgtt gttccgtgaa gcgaatgaac 3421 tacagcaatg gatcaatgag aaggaagccg ctctgacaag tgaggaggtc ggagcagact 3481 tggagcaggt tgaggtgctc cagaagaagt ttgatgactt ccagaaggac ctgaaggcca 3541 atgagtcacg gttgaaggac attaacaagg tagctgaaga cctggagtct gaaggtctca 3601 tggcagagga ggtgcaggct gtgcaacaac aggaagtgta tggcatgatg cccagggatg 3661 aaactgattc caagacagcc tccccgtgga agtctgctcg tctgatggtt cacaccgtgg 3721 ccacctttaa ttccatcaag gagctgaatg agcgctggcg gtccctacag cagctggccg 3781 aggaacggag ccagctcttg ggcagcgccc atgaagtaca gaggttccac agagatgctg 3841 atgaaaccaa agaatggatt gaagagaaga atcaagctct aaacacagac aattatggac 3901 atgatctcgc cagtgtccag gccctgcaac gcaagcatga gggcttcgag agggaccttg 3961 cggctctcgg tgacaaggta aactcccttg gtgaaacagc agagcgcctg atccagtccc 4021 atcccgagtc agcagaagac ctgcaggaaa agtgcacaga gttaaaccag gcctggagca 4081 gcctggggaa acgtgcagat cagcgcaagg caaagttggg tgactcccac gacctgcagc 4141 gcttccttag cgatttccgg gacctcatgt cttggatcaa tggaatacgg gggttggtgt 4201 cctcagatga gctagccaag gatgtcaccg gagctgaggc attgctggag cgacaccagg 4261 aacaccggac agaaatcgat gccagggctg gcactttcca ggcatttgag cagtttggac 4321 agcagctgtt ggctcacgga cactatgcca gccctgagat caagcagaaa cttgatattc 4381 ttgaccagga gcgtgcagac ctggagaagg cctgggttca gcgcaggatg atgctggatc 4441 agtgccttga actgcagctg ttccatcggg actgtgagca agctgagaac tggatggctg 4501 ccagggaggc cttcttgaat accgaagaca aaggagactc actggacagc gtagaggctc 4561 tgatcaaaaa acatgaagac tttgacaaag cgattaacgt ccaggaagag aagattgctg 4621 ctctgcaggc ctttgccgac cagctcatcg ctgccggcca ttatgccaag ggagacattt 4681 ctagccggcg caatgaggtc ttggacaggt ggcgacgtct gaaagcccag atgattgaga 4741 aaaggtcaaa gctaggagaa tctcaaaccc tccaacagtt cagccgggat gtggatgaga 4801 ttgaggcttg gatcagtgaa aaattgcaaa cagcgagtga tgagtcgtac aaggatccca 4861 ccaacatcca gctttccaag ctgctgagca agcaccagaa gcaccaggct tttgaagcag 4921 agctgcatgc caacgctgac cggatccgtg gggttatcga catgggcaac tccctcattg 4981 aacgtggagc ctgtgccggc agtgaggatg ctgtcaaggc ccgcctggct gccttagctg 5041 accagtggca gttcttggtg caaaagtcag cggaaaagag ccagaaactg aaagaagcca 5101 acaagcagca gaacttcaac acagggatca aggactttga cttctggctg tctgaggtgg 5161 aggccctgct ggcatccgaa gattatggca aagacctggc ttctgtgaac aacctgctga 5221 aaaagcatca actgctggaa gcagatatat ctgcccatga ggatcgcrtg aaggacctga 5281 acagccaggc agacagcctg atgaccagca gtgccttcga cacctcccaa gtaaaggaca 5341 agagggacac catcaacggg cgcttccaga agatcaagag catggcggcc tcccggcgag 5401 ccaagctgaa tgaatcccat cgcctgcacc agttcttccg ggacatggat gacgaggagt 5461 cctggatcaa ggagaagaag ctgctggtgg gctcagagga ctacggccgg gacctaaccg 5521 gcgtgcagaa cctgaggaag aagcacaagc ggctggaagc agaactggct gcgcatgagc 5581 cggctattca gggtgtcctg gacactggca agaagctgtc cgatgacaac accatcggga 5641 aagaggagat ccagcagcgg ctggcgcagt ttgtggagca ctggaaagag ctgaagcagc 5701 tggcagctgc ccggggtcag cggctggaag agtccttgga atatcagcag tttgtagcca 5761 atgtggaaga ggaagaagcc tggatcaatg agaaaatgac cctggtggcc agcgaagatt 5821 atggcgacac tcttgccgcc atccagggct tactgaagaa acatgaagct tttgagacag 5881 acttcaccgt ccacaaggat cgcgtgaatg atgtctgcac caatggacaa gacctcatta 5941 agaagaacaa tcaccatgag gagaacatct cttcaaagat gaagggcctg aacgggaaag 6001 tgtcagacct ggagaaagct gcagcccaga gaaaggcgaa gctggatgag aactcggcct 6061 tccttcagtt caactggaag gcggacgtgg tggagtcctg gatcggtgaa aaggagaaca 6121 gcttgaagac agatgattat ggccgagacc tgtcttctgt gcagacgctc ctcaccaaac 6181 aggaaacttt tgacgctggg ctgcaggcct tccagcagga aggcattgcc aacatcactg 6241 ccctcaaaga tcagcttctc gccgccaaac acgttcagtc caaggccatc gaggcccggc 6301 acgcctccct catgaagagg tggagccagc ttctggccaa ctcagccgcc cgcaagaaga 6361 agcttctgga ggctcagagt cacttccgca aggtggagga cctcttcctg accttcgcca 6421 aaaaggcttc tgccttcaac agctggtttg aaaatgcaga ggaggactta acagaccccg 6481 tgcgctgcaa ctccttggaa gaaatcaaag ctttgcgcga ggcccacgac gccttccgct 6541 cctccctcag ctctgcccag gctgacttca accagctggc cgagctggac cgccagatca 6601 agagcttccg cgtagcctcc aacccctaca cctggtttac catggaggcc ctggaggaga 6661 cctggaggaa cctacagaaa atcatcaagg agagggagct ggagctgcag aaggaacagc 6721 ggcggcagga ggagaacgac aagctgcgcc aggagtttgc ccagcacgcc aacgccttcc 6781 accagtggat ccaagagacc aggacatacc tcctcgatgg gtcctgtatg gtggaagagt 6841 cggggaccct cgaatcccag cttgaagcta ccaaacgcaa gcaccaggaa atccgagcca 6901 tgagaagtca gctcaaaaag atcgaggacc tgggggccgc catggaggag gccctcatcc 6961 tggacaacaa gtacacggag cacagcaccg tgggcctcgc ccagcagtgg gaccagctgg 7021 accagctggg catgcgcatg cagcacaacc tggagcagca gatccaggcc aggaacacaa 7081 caggtgtgac tgaggaggcc ctcaaagaat tcagcatgat gtttaaacac tttgacaagg 7141 acaagtctgg caggctgaac catcaggagt tcaaatcttg cctgcgctcc ctgggctatg 7201 acctgcccat ggtggaggaa ggggaacctg accctgagtt cgaggcaatc ctggacacgg 7261 tggatccgaa cagagatggc catgtctcct tgcaagaata catggctttc atgatcagcc 7321 gcgaaactga gaacgtcaag tccagcgagg agattgagag cgccttccgg gccctcagct 7381 cagagggaaa gccttacgtg accaaggagg agctctacca gaacctgacc cgggaacaag 7441 ccgactactg cgtctcccac atgaagccct acgtggacgg caagggccgc gagctcccca 7501 ccgcgttcga ctacgtggag ttcacccgct cgcttttcgt gaactgagcc actccctggg 7561 tcacccaccc ctcgctgctt gccctgcgtc gccttgctgc atgtccgctc ctctgtgtgc 7621 tctcactttc cactgtaacc ttaagcctgc ttagcttgga ataagactta ggagaaaatg 7681 gtgcttcact aacccgcttc cggtccagtc acaatcatca tgtcactgtg gggacccaga 7741 tctgtgtctt gaagcagctg ccctcattcc gacttcagaa aatcgaagca gctggctcct 7801 ccccttgttc tctctcccac cctcccccaa atctgttttc atgtaaaaga caaataaatg 7861 atgacttccc ccaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 7921 aaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human TFCP2L1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_014553 (gi: 212276201). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 166.

1 gggttcggag cgcgaagccg ccgctgggtc ctcggcgcgc cccgcgtctg cgcttgctgc 61 cgcgccccgg tcggcgcgct gggagttcca gccatgctct tctggcacac gcagcccgag 121 cactacaacc agcacaactc cggcagctac ctgcgtgatg tgctcgctct gcccatcttc 181 aagcaggagg aaccccagct gtcccccgag aacgaggccc gcctgccacc cctgcaatat 241 gtgttgtgtg ctgccacgtc cccagccgtg aagctgcatg aagagacgct gacctacctc 301 aaccaaggtc agtcttatga aatccgacta ctggagaatc ggaagctggg agactttcaa 361 gatctgaaca caaaatatgt caagagcatr atccgtgtgg tcttccatga ccgccggctg 421 cagtatacgg agcaccagca gctggagggc tggcggtgga gtcggccagg ggaccggatc 481 ctggacatcg atattccact gtctgttggt atcttggacc ccagggccag cccgacccag 541 ctgaatgcag tcgagttttt gtgggaccct gcgaagagag cttctgcatt cattcaggta 601 cactgcatca gcacagaatt cacccccagg aagcacgggg gcgagaaggg agtgccattt 661 cgagtccaga ttgacacgtt taagcagaac gagaatgggg agtacacgga gcacctgcac 721 tcagccagct gccagatcaa ggtgttcaag ccgaagggag ccgatcggaa acagaagact 781 gaccgggaga agatggagaa aagaactgcc caagagaagg agaaatacca gccgtcctat 841 gaaaccacca tcctcacaga gtgctctcca tggcccgacg tggcctacca ggtgaacagc 901 gccccgtccc caagctacaa tggttctcca aacagctttg gcctcggcga aggcaacgcc 961 tctccgaccc acccggtgga ggccctgccc gtgggcagtg accacctgct cccatcagct 1021 tcgatccagg atgcccagca gtggcttcac cgcaacaggt tctcgcagtt ctgccggctc 1081 tttgccagct tctcaggtgc tgacttgctg aagatgtccc gagatgattt ggtccagatc 1141 tgtggtcccg cagatgggat ccggctcttc aacgccatca aaggccggaa tgtgaggcca 1201 aagatgacca tttatgtctg tcaggagctg gagcagaatc gagtgcccct gcagcagaag 1261 cgggacggca gtggagacag caacctgtct gtgtaccacg ccatcttcct ggaagagctg 1321 accaccttgg agctgattga gaagatcgcc aacctgtaca gcatctcccc ccagcacatc 1381 cacggagtct accggcaggg ccccacgggc atccatgtgg tggtgagcaa cgagatggtg 1441 cagaacttcc aagatgaatc ctgttttgtc ctcagcacaa ttaaagctga gagcaatgat 1501 ggctaccaca tcatcctgaa atgtggactc tgagcagcag tggacctcat acctgtctcc 1561 agctcccagc cctgtggatc cccgtggatg tagacattgc cccactgtaa gctgtggcct 1621 caccaggcaa gctgaggcca ggagggaccc tgcccagtct gtgaaagcta cagagcacca 1681 accagcagaa gcctgtggac accaagtacg gtgtacagaa agccagtggc tcctttctcc 1741 cttcctcttg gcctccagat tttgaatggt tccttgttct tttctattgg tccaaccctg 1801 acgttctaaa agggcaaaca gtggagacgt ctgctctgaa atccctcatc ccttagttgg 1861 aagctgattg ggtatcttgg tgctgcctgt attggtccct tctgaccact ctcctgcctc 1921 cagagaaagc tctgcttcac cctggaagct ggtaccttta cctcctcctc tgggagttgg 1981 ctgcatggcc agcactgccg acttgatggg agcagtttgc cctcattctc ctgtttcagg 2041 tttgcttccc ttctcagtga ccctggtgag catccgcctt tcctgttctt ggatgaattg 2101 atgggagtgg ggctattctg tgccttctac ctctttcttc tctacgttgt ttctaaggat 2161 ctgctgctgc ggaacccaaa gatgtgctcc tgtctctgca ctggcgcatt ggcatggtag 2221 atgccacaat gtatgtgcac ggcctttctc agagacatta gttctgaggc cctttgtggg 2281 gaggttaggg ggatggtaat agaaaaagac tattttattt cctggcaatc acgggtaagg 2341 aggattagga atgagtattc cattcctagg tgtcatcaga tgaccttgac caccacaata 2401 ccaggccctc ttggatggac ttatagaaag ttagagaaga ccttgttgaa ccgctgctaa 2461 acttgccaca ggagcgatgt gttttctctg agtgcccctc acttacatgt ttatctttgt 2521 ttgtagaggc tatgtttagg atattttgcc tgcatcagaa tgggtgcatc atctttctta 2581 atggcctaac tatcgggaaa tttgagtgtc agtaactgtg gtagactcag aaattcgtct 2641 ttgtcttgcc tctggttcct gggatccagt gatctctact ggcccagggc ttcagctctt 2701 ggttaattta ggttcatggg gaaccctctg accacctgaa tgggatgtca tagcttctaa 2761 atggagcttc tgtggaatga agtgctagac tgaaggacta ccagaataaa acagggtcta 2821 caatggggag aacttgtttt atagatgagg aaaccaaggc tcagaggggc aaagtcacct 2881 gcatggtagc acatagtgat agggtagcga tataaattta tcatataaac caggacatct 2941 cggaataaaa ggggctctgt tagtcattat gttgggtaat agccgtggca ttcctacaga 3001 acagagtgag gacaggctcc tgattcctct tccttcttta gaggagaagc ggggagtggg 3061 ttaactaaca gctttattga gatgtcattc acatgccatt cagtttaccc attgctagtg 3121 tccaattgta ttcacagaac caccatcaat tcacagaatt acagtcaacg ttggtacatt 3181 ttcatcaccc ccagtaaaac cccgtaccct tggtctgtca ctcctgcttt cctaactcct 3241 gcagtccaag gcagccatga atctactttc tatgtaagat taacctactc tggacatttc 3301 atatatctgg aatcatgtga tatctctttt gtgactggct tcttccactg aatgttttct 3361 agggccgtcc aagttgagga tgtatcagta cttcattctt ttgtattgct gaataatact 3421 tcattgtata gatagaccac atttgtttat tgattcatca gttgatggac atttgtgtgt 3481 ttttactttt tggctactct gaatgatgct gctatgaaca tatttctaca agattttgtg 3541 tggacatatg ttttcatttc ttttagcaat atacatagga gtggaattgc taggtcttac 3601 agtaactccg tgttttaact ttttgagaaa ctgccagact gttttctata gcagctgtac 3661 cattttacat tcccaccagc aatgtatcca ggtttcaatt tgtctacatc ctcatcaaca 3721 cttgctatta tctgtctttt tgcttttagc atcctaatga gtatgaaatg ctatcttgtg 3781 gttttgattt gcattcccct gatggcaact gatgctgagt gtcttttcct gtgcttacgg 3841 gccatgcgta tttctttgga gaaaggtcta tccaggtcct ttgcctattt ttaattgagt 3901 tgtctttttt tttttaagtt ttctgttttc ctaaccacta gactaccagg gatgagcctt 3961 ctttttatta ttgagttggg tgagctattt gtatattcta gacgccagtc ttttatcagg 4021 tatatgactg gtaaaaatgt tctccccttc tgtggattgt tttcagtttc ttgttggtgt 4081 cctttgagac acaaaacttt ttaactttga tgatttccaa gatacgtatt ttttttctat 4141 tgtcacttgt gcttttggtg ccatatctag aaaaccattg cctaatccaa ggtcaagaag 4201 attaatgcct gtgttttctt ctaagaacta tacttttagt tctcacaatg gtctttgatc 4261 catttcgagt atatttttat atatgatgtg atgtaggggt ccagcttcat tcttttgctt 4321 gtggatctcc acttgtccca ctgctgatta ttgagaaaaa tatcctttct ccacggaatt 4381 gtcttggcat ccttgctaaa ggcctctgct tcttactgga tcttctttcc tgggacatgg 4441 tgtcgttggg aagcttacct tttttttttt tttacttagt ctgtgtttgg ttccaccagt 4501 tttatgctgc ctttctactc tgttcttgct gtctccctct ttacctgagt caacggtact 4561 gagtcctatc tctctctgat gttccccagt cttccttggt gcatgttcta gctccacaca 4621 ctagtccttg gaggaaggtt gagaccaatg atttcctgtt atgagtcatg aggaaactga 4681 atcacctaga agtggaataa tgtgctcagg gtcaccatag cccattagtg gaaggaccag 4741 gactagacct ttagtcttct gaggtccagc cccttaggct gtctgtcatc actgtaccca 4801 agtgatgtca ctaccaaggc caaatgatgg tgggctaaat tttaattctc aaaagtgtag 4861 gaggctaata ttgtcttcta agttccaaaa gaagatgtaa taaaagtctg ttaccttaag 4921 tgtgctatta gtagagtctt ccatttttct ggcatgcccc tggcatctgc tcttcttacc 4981 ttctcgtggt tgtagttaaa gcttatagct tatgaaagaa tagaaaataa taaataccaa 5041 aaaaaagtac acatggtaat ttggtaccaa aatatctcag ctgcctaatt tagcagctca 5101 tcccttccac aggggtcaga tgagctaaag ctccaggttt tatttttcat ttgattgaca 5161 tacagaaaag ccatagccct tcccacagct gtccagggtc tttcctgtga gtccggaggt 5221 gctggcctat tgagcaggac agctcttccc agggcattcc caccaacctg tggcttctga 5281 actgtagctt ctttttacag tgaaccccag agggaaataa gacagacaca tgtgctcagg 5341 ccaccatctt gaactggaag cccaaagctg agttccttac tcttaggtcg tcacggtttt 5401 tgcggggtat ctgcaaggtt gagataaacc ctttcctgtt taccaggttg tcctttctgg 5461 atgaagggac agaggctgtt gaatggagga ataataggtt tgctggagga ggggcatggt 5521 atgcctgtgg aaaggacagg atggggtggg gaggtcgagg ctttgacttg gggtcctaaa 5581 caaaggtcag gtgttgccct agtgacctct tgcccagaca gcccagagcc ccttacacag 5641 agctattaac ctagggaagg ctttaccagc agtggactgg agccagccag ggtcacaagt 5701 ttccaagtcc agcattgctt caggggctgg cctgagtaac tgaagatctg aaaatcatta 5761 acaagtcgat gaaataaacg gaaaagcctc ttaggctgtt gtcagtggag cagagggaga 5821 aagtccctag gcgctcagag ggggtgagaa agcagtggat gattgggcgg gggtggggga 5881 ttagatgttg acactgcctg gggtgtagga agaggaacag agaacccaga gtcagggtcc 5941 tagatcccag accctcgctc agtatgagtc tctttgcctc tctgggtctc tatctcctcc 6001 tcttacaaat acaggcttgg tgatctctga agatggcacc aacctgccat gaaatgaatc 6061 tgaggggttt tcccattttt ccctccatca aaatcgtaca aaaagctgga cgtggtggcc 6121 catgcctcta atcctagcat tttgggaggc cgaggtggga gaatcacttg acgccaagag 6181 ttcgagacca gcctgggcat cgtagtgaga ctccatctct gtctttttga aaataaaaaa 6241 tctttgaaaa ttgcacaaca ggcaggagac ctttacgtgt gcccatcctg gttgtacaca 6301 gtgccaccag tgctcctgca gtgcaaggcg gcatgcttct tgacatgggt cagattgtgt 6361 ccatcgtgtc tttgggaatc agccctagct cctaactggg ctgactactt cctccgcaaa 6421 cttatggggg ctcccagata ttccttgcca gccaggggcc agacacagtg caggcacagt 6481 ctgtgtcatt ggtgcacatg tgcgtgttta catgtgtacc tgggttcctt cccttgccca 6541 tgaatttgcc atgagcacag ccagaagcag cctcagcttg gcaaggtgtg gagatgactg 6601 ctgttccctt cgcatttggg gaaaacaggc tccctcggta gctcgatgat cctcttttga 6661 tcttgtgtga cctcctggag agtggatgaa gctggtggcc ttagcttttc tagacagtgt 6721 aagtggcact gggcaaggcc cccagagcag ggcaaggtct ctagagcggg tctcccacat 6781 gactggcttc acacaggcac ttccgctcgg gttgcatgct ctgtgtcatc ttaccggtcc 6841 agggttgcag gtaggaaatg tttgtaccct cttctgattg ccacctcctt cccatcgccc 6901 cttagggaca gggcttgagg gccagtgagg cgctggtcag gcaccccagg cctccttggg 6961 acctgcccag gggcaccctg agagctcctg aaacccccac ttagcttcca gacctttctg 7021 caaaagctcc tcctggcttt cctccctccc ccaatctatg ggtcacagct aacagatctg 7081 agggcaactg ctgtgctagt ggccagggct gcacctgcca tccccggctc tgccacttta 7141 gggccttcta gaggcagtgt ccttaggaag tagctctgag gcatgggttt tctgctcctg 7201 tgcagggcag ctgatgggat aaggtgggga aggacggtca gtgcttgggc cccagctggc 7261 cagcctggcg atggggaaac caaaccatgt cccccagcga agggccagag tgggaacctg 7321 tcctcatgcc cttcgtcctg aggagccctg aggtgggcag caggggccag gggaagtttt 7381 caggccttca tcaaagagaa caacatcctc agctccgcac ccctcatcct gtatcagcac 7441 ttaccggtgt gtgactgccc ttgtcagcta gcatacggtg ggcccacctg gcccactggc 7501 tgtttatgcc actgatttat gatagggaat attatctttg aacccaatga agtgttttct 7561 cccccatcac aaaaaaaaaa attcttattt ttagtagaca tgtatttacc aaaaatatgt 7621 actcaattat tgtattttgg attttatcaa tttaaaaatt gtggaaattt gtttgctctt 7681 acgccaacat aatattgatt ttgcctcttg gctctgaaag cccaaaatat ttaccgtcta 7741 gcccgttaca gaaaaagtct gctgactact gagccagacc tccattacct ccatccctgt 7801 tggattattt aaagaaagcc tcagacagta agggcttttt taaaagaata aaatgacttg 7861 gtttgcgctt ggaagcaggg gaagcattca gatgagcggt ttctgcatta accctgccta 7921 tcacgcatct cgtgtcctgt gtgtctggcg agcccccctt ggaaggttct ggtgcttcag 7981 ctggctcctg cagagtccac cccgcctcgt ggtgggaatg cagagccctt tgctttcctt 8041 cttgccgcct gcttcctgtt cctggggacc cgctgggcct ttggtctgca tcccctggcc 8101 aggtccctca gggttgatgc gtggagaagg actttgagca gtggtgggca gcagtggcct 8161 cctggccagc tcacactctt gtcctgggag gggcagcctg atctcacctc cacctagtac 8221 cttggggact gaggaccttt tggcttctct ggagcctgca agcctcttcc catgtgtcca 8281 gctgctcttc ctgctacaaa ggggactgct cacagtggcc tcagcttggt ggttttgagg 8341 ggccgccccc cggccctcca taagggtatc ctgggcctga gaattctgca tctgccattg 8401 gaggatggac agcctcaaat ggaaggagtc ccacgggaga tgggtccgag gtccggctgt 8461 ggccatccag ccccctgtgg cttgtccagc ctctgtgcac ccctggtgtc ttcactccag 8521 gggcagacag cagccactgc agttcctttc ttcgtgagta acagtagtga tagcagctgg 8581 ggctaacagg ctaggctttg tgttctgcgc atttggtcag cttctcactc gatcctccct 8641 aaagcaatgg ggaggccccc actagcccag ttttcaggaa gtcaactggg aggttagatg 8701 ggggccaggg tcccacagct actgatggcc cgagccaggt tgagcttcct ggtgtccagt 8761 ccggatccca cttgcagatc tcatgctctc agataggtgg gacaagttct tttgtcacag 8821 tgctggctct gtcctgaggc ctcattgctg gctgggtgtg ctctgctggg aaaagctttg 8881 cggggcttgc ttggttaacc acagaagaga aggggactgt ttggggtgcc tctctgcagc 8941 ctccccgtgc tgggtggaag cacggttact gtgttctcta atgttcatgt atttaaaatg 9001 atttctttct aaagatgtaa cctccacacc tttctccaga ttgggtgact cttttctaaa 9061 ggtggtggga gtatctgtcg gggtggtgtg gcccttggat gggtcaggtg ggtgtgagag 9121 gtcctgggga ggtgggcgtt gagctcaaag ttgtcctact gccatgtttt tgtacctgaa 9181 ataaagcata ttttgcactt gttactgtac catagtgcgg acgagaagtc tgtatgtggg 9241 atctgtgctt gggttagaat gcaaataaaa ctcacatttg taagaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 9301 aaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human TIAM1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_003253 (gi: 115583669). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 167.

1 gccccgcatc gtgcccggcc ccgtcgcgga gatcccggac gaccgtcgcg ggttgatggt 61 cgcattccag atgtaaacag cttcagaagc ctgacggtca tatggtagaa tcactgtgga 121 ctgagaccca cctttctaga cctgaagccc aggaggagga agaggaggct ggttggtacc 181 atgggcataa tgctctgaat cctagtctct cacctagtat gtgagcagtc cctgcagatg 241 gcccatttgg agatcttgac aaagcctctt ctgtttccaa tggggttttt ggcgcattct 301 cacagactta gatgaaactg tgatggccac cgcagggggc aggtgctgac atcgtcccca 361 gccctgtggc tgttcatccg gacatcattt ccaacctcaa tatctaaatg ccacagtgct 421 cttggagcaa gttgggctgg ggaccactgt tgccttttaa gaccataaaa ccatgggaaa 481 cgcagaaagt caacatgtag agcacgagtt ttatggagaa aagcatgcca gcctggggcg 541 caagcacact tcccgctccc tgcgcctctc gcacaagacg cggaggacca ggcacgcttc 601 ctcggggaag gtgatccaca ggaactccga agtgagcacc cgatccagca gcacccccag 661 catcccccag tccctggctg aaaatggcct ggagcccttc tcccaagatg gtaccctaga 721 agacttcggg agccccatct gggtggaccg agtggacatg ggcttgagac ctgtgtctta 781 cactgactct tctgtcactc ccagcgtaga cagcagcatc gtcctcacag cagcctctgt 841 gcagagcatg ccagacactg aggagagcag gctttacggg gatgacgcta catatttggc 901 tgagggaggc aggaggcagc attcctatac atccaatggg cccactttca tggagacggc 961 gagctttaag aagaaacgct ccaaatctgc agacatctgg cgggaggaca gcctggaatt 1021 ctcactctct gatctgagcc aagaacattt aacaagcaac gaagaaatct tgggttccgc 1081 cgaagagaag gactgcgagg aggctcgggg gatggaaacg cgggcgagtc cgcggcagct 1141 cagcacctgt cagagagcca attccttggg tgacttgtat gctcagaaaa actctggagt 1201 gacagcaaac ggggggccgg ggagcaaatt tgcaggctac tgtcggaatt tggtgtctga 1261 tattcccaat cttgcaaacc ataagatgcc accagctgct gctgaagaga ctcctccgta 1321 cagtaattat aacacacttc cctgtaggaa atctcactgt ctctctgaag gtgccaccaa 1381 cccacaaatt agccatagca acagcatgca aggcagaaga gctaaaacaa ctcaggatgt 1441 taatgcaggc gagggcagtg agtttgcaga cagtgggatt gaaggggcca ctaccgacac 1501 ggacctcctg tccaggcgat ctaatgccac caactccagc tactcaccca ccacaggccg 1561 ggcctttgtg ggcagcgaca gcggcagcag ctccaccggg gatgcggctc gtcagggggt 1621 gtacgagaac ttccggcggg agctggagat gagcaccacc aacagcgaga gcctggagga 1681 ggccggctcg gcgcacagcg atgagcagag cagcggcacc ctgagctctc cgggccagtc 1741 ggacatcctg ctgaccgccg cacagggcac ggtgcgcaag gccggcgccc tggccgtcaa 1801 gaacttcctg gtgcacaaga agaacaagaa ggtggagtca gccacccgga ggaagtggaa 1861 gcactactgg gtgtccctga aaggatgcac gctatttttc tacgagagcg acggcaggtc 1921 tgggatagac cacaacagca tccccaaaca cgccgtctgg gtggagaaca gcattgtgca 1981 ggcggtgcct gagcacccca agaaggactt tgtcttctgc ctcagcaatt ccctgggtga 2041 tgccttcctt tttcagacca ctagccagac ggagcttgaa aactggatca ccgccatcca 2101 ctctgcctgc gccactgcgg tcgcgaggca ccaccacaag gaagacacgc tccgactcct 2161 gaaatcagag atcaaaaaac tggaacagaa gattgacatg gatgaaaaga tgaagaaaat 2221 gggtgaaatg cagctgtctt cagtcactga ctcaaagaaa aagaaaacaa tattagatca 2281 gatctttgtc tgggagcaaa atctcgagca gttccaaatg gacctgtttc gtttccgctg 2341 ttatttagcc agccttcagg gtggggagct gccaaacccc aaaaggcttc tcgcttttgc 2401 aagtcgacca acgaaagtgg ccatgggccg ccttggaatc ttttcggtat catcgtttca 2461 tgccctggtg gcagcacgca ctggtgaaac tggagtgaga agacgtactc aggccatgtc 2521 cagatccgcg agcaagcgaa ggagcaggtt ttcttctctg tggggtctgg atactacctc 2581 caaaaagaag cagggacggc caagcatcaa tcaggtgttt ggagagggaa ccgaagctgt 2641 aaagaaatct ttagagggaa tatttgatga cattgttcca gatggcaaga gggagaaaga 2701 agtggtctta cctaacgttc accagcacaa ccctgactgc gacatttggg tccacgagta 2761 tttcactcca tcctggttct gtctgcccaa taatcagcct gccctgacgg tcgtccggcc 2821 aggcgacact gcacgggaca ccctggagct gatttgcaag acacatcaac tggatcattc 2881 tgctcattac ctgcgcctga aatttctaat agaaaacaaa atgcagctct atgttccaca 2941 gcc.gaggaa gacatctatg agctgctgta caaagaaatt gaaatctgtc caaaagtcac 3001 tcagagcatc cacattgaga agtcagatac agctgctgat acttacgggt tttcactttc 3061 ttctgtggaa gaagatggta ttcgaaggct gtacgtgaat agtgtgaagg aaaccggttt 3121 agcttccaag aaaggcctga aagcaggaga tgagattctt gagatcaata atcgtgctgc 3181 tgacgccctg aactcttcta tgctcaaaga tttcctctca cagccctcgc tgggcctcct 3241 ggtgaggacc taccccgagc tggaggaagg agtggagctg ctggaaagcc cgccccaccg 3301 agtggacggc cctgccgacc ttggcgagag ccccctcgcc tttctcacca gcaacccagg 3361 gcacagcctt tgcagcgagc agggcagcag tgctgagacc gctccagagg agaccgaggg 3421 gccagacttg gaatcctcag atgagactga tcacagcagc aagagtacag aacaggtggc 3481 cgcattttgc cgcagtttgc atgagatgaa cccctctgac cagagcccat ctcctcagga 3541 ctccacgggg cctcagctgg cgaccatgag acaactctcg gatgcagata agctgcgcaa 3601 ggtgatctgc gagctcctgg agacggagcg cacctacgtg aaggatttaa actgtcttat 3661 ggagagatac ctaaagcctc ttcaaaaaga aacttttctc acccaggatg agcttgacgt 3721 gctttttgga aatttaacgg aaatggtaga gtttcaagta gaattcctta aaactctaga 3781 agatggagtg agactggtac ctgatttgga aaagcttgag aaggttgatc aatttaagaa 3841 agtgctgttc tctctggggg gatcattcct gtattatgct gaccgcttca agctctacag 3901 tgccttctgc gccagccaca caaaagttcc caaggtcctg gtgaaagcca agacagacac 3961 ggctttcaag gcattcttgg atgcccagaa cccgaagcag cagcactcat ccacgctgga 4021 gtcgtacctc atcaagccca tccagaggat cctcaagtac ccacttctgc tcagggagct 4081 gttcgccctg accgatgcgg agagcgagga gcactaccac ctggacgtgg ccatcaagac 4141 catgaacaag gttgccagtc acatcaatga gatgcagaaa atccatgaag agtttggggc 4201 tgtgtttgac cagctgattg ctgaacagac tggtgagaaa aaagaggttg cagatctgag 4261 catgggagac ctgcttttgc acactaccgt gatctggctg aacccgccgg cctcgctggg 4321 caagtggaaa aaggaaccag agttggcagc attcgtcttc aaaactgctg tggtccttgt 4381 gtataaagat ggttccaaac agaagaagaa acttgtagga tctcacaggc tttccattta 4441 tgaggactgg gaccccttca gatttcgaca catgatcccc acggaagcgc tgcaggttcg 4501 agctttggcg agtgcagatg cagaggcaaa tgccgtgtgt gaaattgtcc atgtaaaatc 4561 cgagtctgaa gggaggccgg agagggtctt tcacttgtgc tgcagctccc cagagagccg 4621 aaaggatttc ctaaaggctg tgcattcaat cctgcgtgat aagcacagaa gacagctcct 4681 caaaaccgag agccttccct catcccagca atatgtccct tttggaggca aaagattgtg 4741 tgcactgaag ggggccaggc cggccatgag cagggcagtg tctgccccaa gcaagtctct 4801 tgggaggagg aggcggcggc tggctcgaaa caggtttacc attgattctg atgccgtctc 4861 cgcaagcagc ccggagaaag agtcccagca gccccccggt ggtggggaca ctgaccgatg 4921 ggtagaggag cagtttgatc ttgctcagta tgaggagcaa gatgacatca aggagacaga 4981 catcctcagt gacgatgatg agttctgtga gtccgtgaag ggtgcctcag tggacagaga 5041 cctgcaggag cggcttcagg ccacctccat cagtcagcgg gaaagaggcc ggaaaaccct 5101 ggatagtcac gcgtcccgca tggcacagct caagaagcaa gctgccctgt cggggatcaa 5161 tggaggcctg gagagcgcaa gcgaggaagt catttgggtt aggcgtgaag actttgcccc 5221 ctccaggaaa ctgaacactg agatctgact gcgtcacctg ccccgtagag aatgtgtgta 5281 gatacttcct gccctaactc tgcccaccct cctgtaccgt cgacaagaat gtccccttag 5341 gtcgcgctct tgcacacacg gttttggcag ctgacttggt tctgaagcca tgtagccacc 5401 caactttgtc attttcaaca acatcagaaa gaattgatca gaatcccaaa taagcttgag 5461 tcctatcttc tgtatattac taagggcttt tatttattct caataaatca gggcctgaac 5521 aattaaaaga aaaaagattc tatagcactg gaaagcaaat caccccagga gttaacggat 5581 gtacaacaga ttaatttaag ggatagtagc acacacacga tccttctatc tgaaatcagt 5641 ctcctagctg gggaaacctc tttcacacac aaaatgaaat gtgtacagct tgccgtgttc 5701 tgactgtacc cttccctctt ccatgtctga gaatctccgt gtattttaag aatgtgtgag 5761 gagagggtgg cgattcatgt ttcaatgagc ctcttttttt ttttccttcc tgttttggtc 5821 tatggctggt cttactctgt gtccatgttc ggaagctcta gttttgcata gaattataga 5881 gatgccaaac tctttgaaaa gagatccaaa tttatcgctt gagagaaaga aaagaaacac 5941 tattttttgt attttacctg agatacaggg gcacaaatag atgagaattt tacagtgtta 6001 gtgtatgtat ccctgagcct aaaaaatgag gatataacct tttacagaga gagtgaggcg 6061 tggtggtttt atatttatat atgaaaggcc agcaagctca tgcgaaggat atacttttct 6121 tccaaaaagc ggattttttt tttttaatgt ttgaatctat atttgagatg ggagtttggt 6181 tggattaaac atgacacccc ggtgggcggt gtgtgtgtct gttgcacatg gcagggaggg 6241 gagcctcctt ctcatggggt tgccatggtg atcattggtt tttccatcaa aattgcatct 6301 tcatccatag attaccttcc ccttccctga cagtccataa ccaaaccttt aaacagaaca 6361 acctctttaa aaacttctct tgtgtttaac actttcttca tgccaacgaa acagggtaaa 6421 catgctcaaa acattaacag tctaaacaga tatccaaata ctaagaagaa aaacaagtta 6481 tagcactttc aatttttttt ttttttttaa aaaaaggttt atagcttttt cttttcccat 6541 gtcacaatgt ccacttccta agaagggttt aaaatactat gaaaactttc tttttgggga 6601 aaatatctat ttggtgtttg acacatcagt aggtacttta aagacctgaa ttttatagta 6661 gctttaggag ttatatttta taaaaatcag ttatgacttt atatttccag acaatagaga 6721 gttcagtaca tcatgctctt gtgcctctgc ctgcttttcc tgcgttccca ccctgtattc 6781 cccccgcctt tcgggtttcc agggcttcga gcttgatctt ttgaaagttt tattctatta 6841 aatttttgct atatcttctg gttttctgaa aaagctttag aatggtttct ataccctttg 6901 tatcactgca tttttccata tcatctccgg ttcgatcgcg tccagatgga aaacggaagc 6961 agaggcttct aatcgtcgca tttactggct ccagtgcaac acatccatct gaaaacactc 7021 ggaagtctgg tgcttggaga gggtgccatt gtctcttgta cataaggtca tgacgtgtct 7081 atgtcaaaag ttcttatata tttcttttat aagctgaaag aaggtctatt tttatgtttt 7141 taggtctatg aatggaacgt tgtaaatgct tgtcaaacaa taaaaataac gaaaagtgaa 7201 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human TIMP1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_003254 (gi: 73858576). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:168.

1 tttcgtcggc ccgccccttg gcttctgcac tgatggtggg tggatgagta atgcatccag 61 gaagcctgga ggcctgtggt ttccgcaccc gctgccaccc ccgcccctag cgtggacatt 121 tatcctctag cgctcaggcc ctgccgccat cgccgcagat ccagcgccca gagagacacc 181 agagaaccca ccatggcccc ctttgagccc ctggcttctg gcatcctgtt gttgctgtgg 241 ctgatagccc ccagcagggc ctgcacctgt gtcccacccc acccacagac ggccttctgc 301 aattccgacc tcgtcatcag ggccaagttc gtggggacac cagaagtcaa ccagaccacc 361 ttataccagc gttatgagat caagatgacc aagatgtata aagggttcca agccttaggg 421 gatgccgctg acatccggtt cgtctacacc cccgccatgg agagtgtctg cggatacttc 481 cacaggtccc acaaccgcag cgaggagttt ctcattgctg gaaaactgca ggatggactc 541 ttgcacatca ctacctgcag ttttgtggct ccctggaaca gcctgagctt agctcagcgc 601 cggggcttca ccaagaccta cactgttggc tgtgaggaat gcacagtgtt tccctgttta 661 tccatcccct gcaaactgca gagtggcact cattgcttgt ggacggacca gctcctccaa 721 ggctctgaaa agggcttcca gtcccgtcac cttgcctgcc tgcctcggga gccagggctg 781 tgcacctggc agtccctgcg gtcccagata gcctgaatcc tgcccggagt ggaagctgaa 841 gcctgcacag tgtccaccct gttcccactc ccatctttct tccggacaat gaaataaaga 901 gttaccaccc agcagaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa a

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human TNS3 is available as NCBI accession number NM_022748 (gi: 134152712). This sequence is recited herein below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:169.

1 agaatgggaa actgccttgg gagaagcccc aagtgagccc aagggcgcag agcagaagga 61 ccctggagtg taagagccta gattgcaagc ctggcaggag gagccggaag aattaacctc 121 gagtctgcac gcttttaaga acaaggcctt taaaaaatcc aaagtgtgtg gagtttgcaa 181 acaaattatt gacggtcaag gtatttcatg ccgagcctgc aagtattcct gccacaagaa 241 atgtgaagcc aaggtggtga ttccctgcgg tgtgcaagtc cgactggaac aggctccagg 301 gagttccacg ctgtccagtt ctctctgccg tgataaacct ctgcggcccg tcatcctgag 361 tcccaccatg gaggagggcc atgggctgga cctcacttac atcacggagc gcatcatcgc 421 tgtgtccttc cctgccggct gctctgagga gtcctacctg cacaacctac aggaggtcac 481 gcgcatgctc aagtccaagc acggggacaa ctacctggta ttaaaccttt cagaaaagag 541 atatgacctt acgaagctta acccaaagat catggatgtg ggctggccag agctccacgc 601 accgcccctg gataagatgt gtaccatatg caaggcgcag gagtcctggc tgaacagcaa 661 cctccagcat gtggtcgtca ttcactgcag gggcgggaaa ggacgcatag gagtggtcat 721 atcatcctac atgcatttca ccaacgtctc agccagcgcc gaccaggccc ttgacaggtt 781 tgcaatgaag aagttttatg atgacaaagt ttcagcttta atgcagcctt cccaaaaacg 841 gtatgttcag ttcctcagtg ggctcctgtc cggatcggtg aaaatgaatg cctctcccct 901 gttcctgcat tttgtcatcc tccacggcac ccccaacttc gacacaggtg gagtgtgccg 961 gccctttctg aagctctacc aagccatgca gcctgtgtac acctccggga tctacaacgt 1021 tggcccagaa aaccccagca ggatctgcat cgtcatcgag ccggcccagc ttctgaaggg 1081 agatgtcatg gtgaaatgct accacaagaa ataccgctcg gccacccgtg acgtcatttt 1141 ccgcctgcag tttcacactg gggctgtgca gggctacggg ctggtgtttg ggaaggagga 1201 tctggacaat gccagcaaag atgaccgttt tcctgactat gggaaggttg aattagtctt 1261 ctctgccacg cctgagaaga ttcaagggtc cgaacacttg tacaacgacc acggtgtgat 1321 tgtggactac aacacaacag acccactgat acgctgggac tcgtacgaga acctcagtgc 1381 agatggagaa gtgctacaca cgcagggccc tgtcgatggc agcctttacg cgaaggtgag 1441 gaagaaaagc tcctcggatc ctggcatccc aggtggcccc caggcaatcc cggccaccaa 1501 cagcccagac cacagtgacc acaccttgtc tgtcagcagt gactccggcc actctacagc 1561 ctctgccagg acggataaga cggaagagcg cctggcccca ggaaccagga ggggcctgag 1621 tgcccaggag aaggcagagt tggaccagct gctcagtggc tttggcctgg aagatcctgg 1681 aagctccctc aaggaaatga ctgatgctcg aagcaagtac agtgggaccc gccacgtggt 1741 gccagcccag gttcacgtga atggagacgc tgctctgaag gatcgggaga cagacattct 1801 ggatgacgag atgccccacc acgacctgca cagtgtggac agccttggga ccctgtcctc 1861 ctcggaaggg cctcagtcgg cccacctggg tcccttcacc tgccacaaga gcagccagaa 1921 ctcactccta tctgacggtt ttggcagcaa cgttggtgaa gatccgcagg gcaccctcgt 1981 tccggacctg ggccttggca tggacggccc ctatgagcgg gagcggactt ttgggagtcg 2041 agagcccaag cagccccagc ccctgctgag aaagccctca gtgtccgccc agatgcaggc 2101 ctatgggcag agcagctact ccacacagac ctgggtgcgc cagcagcaga tggttgtagc 2161 tcaccagtat agcttcgccc cagatgggga ggcccggctg gtgagccgct gccctgcaga 2221 caatcctggc ctcgtccagg cccagcccag agtgccactc acccccaccc gagggaccag 2281 cagtagggtg gctgtccaga ggggtgtagg cagtgggcca catccccctg acacacagca 2341 gccctctccc agcaaagcgt tcaaacccag gtttccagga gaccaggttg tgaatggagc 2401 cggcccagag ctgagcacag gcccctcccc aggctcgccc accctggaca tcgaccagtc 2461 catcgagcag ctcaacaggc tgatcctgga gctggatccc accttcgagc ccatccctac 2521 ccacatgaac gccctcggta gccaggccaa tggctctgtg tctccagaca gcgtgggagg 2581 tgggctccgg gcaagcagca ggctgcctga cacaggagag ggccccagca gggccaccgg 2641 gcggcaaggc tcctctgctg aacagcccct gggcgggaga ctcaggaagc tgagcctggg 2701 gcagtacgac aacgatgctg gggggcagct gcccttctcc aaatgtgcat ggggaaaggc 2761 tggtgtggac tatgccccaa acctgccggc attcccctca ccagcggacg tcaaagagac 2821 gatgacccct ggctatcccc aggacctcga tattatcgat ggcagaattt taagtagcaa 2881 ggagtccatg tgttcaactc cagcatttcc tgtgtctcca gagacaccgt atgtgaaaac 2941 agcgctgcgc catcctccgt tcagcccacc tgagcccccg ctgagcagcc cagccagtca 3001 gcacaaagga ggacgtgaac cacgaagctg ccctgagacg ctcactcacg ctgtggggat 3061 gtcagagagc cccatcggac ccaaatccac gatgctccgg gctgatgcgt cctcgacgcc 3121 ctcctttcag caggcttttg cttcttcctg caccatttcc agcaacggcc ctgggcagag 3181 gagagagagc tcctcttctg cagaacgcca gtgggtggag agcagcccca agcccatggt 3241 ttccctgctg gggagcggcc ggcccaccgg aagtcccctc agcgctgagt tctccggtac 3301 caggaaggac tccccagtgc tgtcctgctt cccgccgtca gagctccagg ctcctttcca 3361 cagccatgag ctgtccctag cagagccacc ggactccctg gcgcctccca gcagccaggc 3421 cttcctgggc ttcggcaccg ccccagtggg aagtggcctt ccgcccgagg aggacctggg 3481 ggccttgctg gccaattctc atggagcgtc accgaccccc agcatcccgc tgacagcgac 3541 aggggctgcc gacaatggct tcctgtccca caactttctc acggtggcgc ctggacacag 3601 cagccaccac agtccaggcc tgcagggcca gggtgtgacc ctgcccgggc agccacccct 3661 ccctgagaag aagcgggcct cggaggggga tcgttctttg ggctcagtct ctccctcctc 3721 cagtggcttc tccagcccgc acagcgggag caccatcagt atccccttcc caaatgtcct 3781 tcccgacttt tccaaggctt cagaagcggc ctcacctctg ccagatagtc caggtgataa 3841 acttgtgatc gtgaaatttg ttcaagacac ttccaagttc tggtacaagg cggatatttc 3901 aagagaacaa gccatcgcca tgttgaagga caaggagccg ggctcattca ttgttcgaga 3961 cagccattcc ttccgagggg cctatggcct ggccatgaag gtggccacgc ccccaccttc 4021 agtcctgcag ctgaacaaga aagctggaga tttggccaat gaactcgtcc ggcacttttt 4081 gatcgagtgt accccgaagg gagtgcggtt gaaagggtgc tcgaatgaac catatttcgg 4141 gagcctgacg gccttggtgt gccagcattc catcacgccc ttggccttgc cgtgcaagct 4201 gcttatccca gagagagatc cattggagga aatagcagaa agttctcccc agacggcagc 4261 caattcagca gctgagctgt tgaagcaggg ggcagcctgc aatgtgtggt acttgaactc 4321 tgtggagatg gagtccctca ccggccacca ggcgatccag aaggccctga gcatcaccct 4381 ggtccaggag cctccacctg tgtccacagt tgtgcacttc aaggtgtcag cccagggcat 4441 caccctgaca gacaatcaga ggaagctctt cttccggagg cattaccccg tgaacagtgt 4501 gattttctgt gccttggacc cacaagacag gaagtggatc aaagatggcc cttcctcaaa 4561 agtctttgga tttgtggccc ggaagcaggg cagtgccacg gataatgtgt gccacctgtt 4621 tgcagagcat gaccctgagc agcctgccag tgccattgtc aacttcgtat caaaggtcat 4681 gattggttcc ccaaagaagg tctgagaact cccctccctc cctggaccca ccgatgcctc 4741 tcgaagccct ggagacagcc gttgggtgag ggtggggccc ccacttttta ccaaactagt 4801 aaacctgaca ttccaggccc atgaggggaa agaggatctt ccagctctgc aaaaacaaga 4861 acaaacaaca tcaccgtgaa ttggcctttc ctgaaagtga cttatctgac acatctctgt 4921 agccacatgc tttttgggta gaagaagctg ggcatgggtg caccccaccc cctagggtcc 4981 ccatgggaaa gggacatgca aggaaacagc acagaacacg aggtggtccc catgtccctg 5041 gcacactagc attccggggg atgaggaatc cccagccctt gaggcagagg tgccgagtga 5101 ctgccatgct tcgcccgtcc gcatgggcgc ttctgtccag ctgcacccga ggccgggggt 5161 ttccctcacc tcggtcttcc caagatggag atgctaacga aactgagaag ggggcgtatg 5221 tttgacgaag gtttgtgcaa gtcaggccct tctggaacac agcagggcct acaacgaggg 5281 gcctttgcga tgggctgtga ggatgggggt ggtgggaaga attggccacg ttggagaccc 5341 catgccaccc caccatggtg agtgctctgt gcctcctgct cacctgtggt gagctgggcg 5401 agctgggcga gctgggcgag ctgggctggg gagagcctgt gaggaccgag aggagaaatg 5461 agaagaagga acaaaaatat tatttctatg taatttatat tttacttatg ccaaattatt 5521 tatgataatt tgccattgct atactgtacc agtgtcaaat gctgcagcct gccaagctgt 5581 gattttgtga ggcttgtccc tatgtaggat gcaccgcagg cccctggcca ctgaaagagt 5641 gtgcagtgga ctgtgggtct cccatatgcg gtgccgccca aaggtggctt tgcctcaagc 5701 aacctaccct gatgttttac tcattggaat gtttttcccc gattgtggat gacttctttt 5761 ctgatggaga gagtccagga gggatggaaa actcctggat ttaagctcag catcccccac 5821 atgggctttt cgatcatctt caggcctgaa gctgcacgac ctgaagttcg cctgcattta 5881 tcagccctct ttgtgctgct ccttgccacc ttggggttcc tgctggggac catgtgtggt 5941 tgtggcatgt gtgagcagaa gggaggatga ggaaaaagag aagaaacccc ggtactgaca 6001 agctgttttt gagtgccact gtttgccatc atctaagcca ctgaatcaag tgtatttcag 6061 gcttatttca acattccaat gccctggttt tcctgcttga atctgttcgt ggtcaaaggt 6121 ttgggggaat ttgtgaccct ggaacatccc cagagtgaaa gatggagctg ggccacatca 6181 gaataaggcc ttggccccat cctctcacag cctaggtgct ctgcaggcat gctgactgtc 6241 ctgattgcga tccagcccga aattccctcc tctgctttca aaagtcaaat cccccattct 6301 taggccacac tggtgtcaca agctcctgtc agggagctgg ggtttgggaa tgtgctttgt 6361 gaactctgct ttaaagtgag gggccgagga aaacttagaa acaggcagag ttggaagcag 6421 ccaaatcaca gtgggtgttg tgtgtgtgtg cgtgtgtgca tgcgtgcgtg tatgcgtgtg 6481 tgaaagcagg tggaccattc cactttttag ctcctattga tgcaccaaac caagtgcctc 6541 atttctgtgc caaatgtttg ccttggtcgt tgtggacctc cttctctaac ttgcggtggc 6601 atgactgtca ggaggtgctg gcattttcag cagatcctca tgtgttgacc ctgatgtctt 6661 tagcagaggc ctctagcatc tcggtttttc atccactgca ggaatgtggc cacagggagc 6721 agaggtttgt actttcccca agaggtcctc atcctgagac ggtctctacc catgtttaac 6781 ccaaagagtg caggccaggt tccttatcct tctgatgaag gatgagagag ctcatttaga 6841 agtcagagca aactagggtc tcagtattga gaaacgcagc ctgccaggga atcacagaga 6901 catcggggtg cccgcgatgg ccctcatgaa gccatgcctc gacggcattc aggaagccct 6961 gcaaacgtgc tttttgaact cattggccag gtgtgatttt tacacaaggt aaacgtggtc 7021 aagggcatcg gggaatttgc tccaagcaga tagctccctc tgaggaacca aaggaagcaa 7081 gtttccacga tttctgaaga gctggtatag gaagtttctt tcttcctttt gtgttacatg 7141 tgcattaaac agaacaagct gtgtgtcatc acagattgta ctgtgggctc agaaaccgtg 7201 agagagcccc caccgtggac accggctcta gggccacagg aaaaggaacg tttccaggca 7261 ttttgtctcc agggctcccg ctggacaggc acgtactgcc ctggggagta aatgcggaga 7321 gttcacgaac tgtgcccaac gcatgttata gccagggtcc tactaactac tcagtaaaag 7381 aacgtattgt tgtattcctc cagtgttaag ctatagccat gttaaaagtc actgtgcatt 7441 tattctcagc atcaaatacc ttgtaacgtc ttctctgcct tgttagtgca tatttttact 7501 tttctgatac tgtaaagaat atatccagta tgtaaatgaa tgttctataa atcttttgta 7561 tagtcatttt ctctgctcct taaatatcat ctctattcag agtataataa aattatgaac 7621 ttggtaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 7681 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human TSPAN12 is available as NCBI accession number NM_012338 (gi: 48255911). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO: 170.

1 ggccctggct gccgccgctg cctcgtccgg actcggagag gacttgggag ggacagcggc 61 gctgggaggt ggcttagcag agactttcca gcaactgctg cccaggactt tttttttttt 121 ttttcttttt cccaggaggc ggcgacggcg gcggcggggg gagaggaaga gaaagaagcg 181 tctccagctg aagccaatgc agccctccgg ctctccgcga agaagttccc tgccccgatg 241 agcccccgcc gtgcgtcccc gactatcccc aggcgggcgt ggggcaccgg gcccagcgcc 301 gacgatcgct gccgttttgc ccttgggagt aggatgtggt gaaaggatgg ggcttctccc 361 ttacggggct cacaatggcc agagaagatt ccgtgaagtg tctgcgctgc ctgctctacg 421 ccctcaatct gctcttttgg ttaatgtcca tcagtgtgtt ggcagtttct gcttggatga 481 gggactacct aaataatgtt ctcactttaa ctgcagaaac gagggtagag gaagcagtca 541 ttttgactta ctttcctgtg gttcatccgg tcatgattgc tgtttgctgt ttccttatca 601 ttgtggggat gttaggatat tgtggaacgg tgaaaagaaa tctgttgctt cttgcatggt 661 actttggaag tttgcttgtc attttctgtg tagaactggc ttgtggcgtt tggacatatg 721 aacaggaact tatggttcca gtacaatggt cagatatggt cactttgaaa gccaggatga 781 caaattatgg attacctaga tatcggtggc ttactcatgc ttggaatttt tttcagagag 841 agtttaagtg ctgtggagta gtatatttca ctgactggtt ggaaatgaca gagatggact 901 ggcccccaga ttcctgctgt gttagagaat tcccaggatg ttccaaacag gcccaccagg 961 aagatctcag tgacctttat caagagggtt gtgggaagaa aatgtattcc tttttgagag 1021 gaaccaaaca actgcaggtg ctgaggtttc tgggaatctc cattggggtg acacaaatcc 1081 tggccatgat tctcaccatt actctgctct gggctctgta ttatgataga agggagccgg 1141 ggacagacca aatgatgtcc ttgaagaatg acaactctca gcacctgtca tgtccctcag 1201 tagaactgtt gaaaccaagc ctgtcaagaa tctttgaaca cacatccatg gcaaacagct 1261 ttaatacaca ctttgagatg gaggagttat aaaaagaaat gtcacagaag aaaaccacaa 1321 acttgtttta ctggacttgt gaatttttga gtacatacta tgtgtttcag aaatatgtag 1381 aaataaaaat gttgccataa aataacacct aagcatatac tattctatgc tttaaaatga 1441 ggatggaaaa gtttcatgtc ataagtcacc acctggacaa taattgatgc ccttaaaatg 1501 ctgaagacag atgtcatacc cactgtgtag cctgtgtatg acttttactg aacacagtta 1561 tgttttgagg cagcatggtt tgattagcat ttccgcatcc atgcaaacga gtcacatatg 1621 gtgggactgg agccatagta aaggttgatt tacttctacc aactagtata taaagtacta 1681 attaaatgct aacataggaa gttagaaaat actaataact tttattactc agcgatctat 1741 tcttctgatg ctaaataaat tatatatcag aaaactttca atattggtga ctacctaaat 1801 gtgatttttg ctggttacta aaatattctt accacttaaa agagcaagct aacacattgt 1861 cttaagctga tcagggattt tttgtatata agtctgtgtt aaatctgtat aattcagtcg 1921 atttcagttc tgataatgtt aagaataacc attatgaaaa ggaaaatttg tcctgtatag 1981 catcattatt tttagccttt cctgttaata aagctttact attctgtcct gggcttatat 2041 tacacatata actgttattt aaatacttaa ccactaattt tgaaaattac cagtgtgata 2101 cataggaatc attattcaga atgtagtctg gtctttagga agtattaata agaaaatttg 2161 cacataactt agttgattca gaaaggactt gtatgctgtt tttctcccaa atgaagactc 2221 tttttgacac taaacacttt ttaaaaagct tatctttgcc ttctccaaac aagaagcaat 2281 agtctccaag tcaatataaa ttctacagaa aatagtgttc tttttctcca gaaaaatgct 2341 tgtgagaatc attaaaacat gtgacaattt agagattctt tgttttattt cactgattaa 2401 tatactgtgg caaattacac agattattaa atttttttac aagagtatag tatatttatt 2461 tgaaatggga aaagtgcatt ttactgtatt ttgtgtattt tgtttatttc tcagaatatg 2521 gaaagaaaat taaaatgtgt caataaatat tttctagaga gtaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human UPP1 is available as NCBI accession number NM_003364 (gi: 31742506). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:171.

1 ggtcagctga gttcgccggc ccagggcagg cggggcccga gcctagcggt aacccccggg 61 cagggcgggg ccgctcgcag actccatatg agattcacct cgcaggtggt tccctcattc 121 gagtgctccg gcgcacagac ccgcgccccg ccgtctgcga gcctcccgag agccgtccct 181 tcgtccggcc ctggagcatt gcgtttgtcg caggtgtcgc agtgcgagga tggcgccgcg 241 ggtgtagcgg ctctctgcgc aggccgagtg ggcccagaga agcgaggaac tccgcagctc 301 gtcgacacgt ctcgtctcct gtcccaattc agggcttggt gaggtgactc gcggtcgcgg 361 gtgactcgcc ggcaggacac tgcctggaac gcctggagcg cctcccactg cagacgtctg 421 tccgcctcca gccgctctcc tctgacgggt cctgcctcag ttggcggaat ggcggccacg 481 ggagccaatg cagagaaagc tgaaagtcac aatgattgcc ccgtcagact tttaaatcca 541 aacatagcaa aaatgaaaga agatattctc tatcatttca atctcaccac tagcagacac 601 aatttcccag ccttgtttgg agatgtgaag tttgtgtgtg ttggtggaag cccctcccgg 661 atgaaagcct tcatcaggtg cgttggtgca gagctgggcc ttgactgccc aggtagagac 721 tatcccaaca tctgtgcggg aactgaccgc tatgccatgt ataaagtagg accggtgctg 781 tctgtcagtc atggtatggg cattccttct atctcaatca tgttgcatga gctcataaag 841 ctgctgtact atgcccggtg ctccaacgtc actatcatcc gcattggcac ttctggtggg 901 ataggtctgg agcccggcac tgtggtcata acagagcagg cagtggatac ctgcttcaag 961 gcagagtttg agcagattgt cctggggaag cgggtcatcc ggaaaacgga ccttaacaag 1021 aagctggtgc aggagctgtt gctgtgttct gcagagctga gcgagttcac cacagtggtg 1081 gggaacacca tgtgcacctt ggacttctat gaagggcaag gccgtctgga tggggctctc 1141 tgctcctaca cggagaagga caagcaggcg tatctggagg cagcctatgc agccggcgtc 1201 cgcaatatcg agatggagtc ctcggtgttt gccgccatgt gcagcgcctg cggcctccaa 1261 gcggccgtgg tgtgtgtcac cctcctgaac cgcctggaag gggaccagat cagcagccct 1321 cgcaatgtgc tcagcgagta ccagcagagg ccgcagcggc tggtgagcta cttcatcaag 1381 aagaaactga gcaaggcctg agcgctgccc tgcacctccg cagacctgct gtgatgactt 1441 gccattaaaa gcattgtcca aaatcccctg ttgtgtggac tttgagcaca ctttacacaa 1501 gaatctagaa aatcagatcg cgattaagag acagagaatc ttggattaac cgcatgggag 1561 atgttcttcc ttttgaagtt tcattggagc attttcaatg atgttagcct gatttggggt 1621 ttcttcaaga acattctacc aaatttttgt actatttcta gggaaatttt tcagacttta 1681 aaattctaat ggtagtcaga tttcatgtca ctaaacaaga aatctgacaa tagtgccagg 1741 aaactaattt cctgatacat taaaaaaatt ccatgcaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaa

One example of a nucleic acid sequence for human NAUK2 is available as NCBI accession number NM_030952 (gi: 13569921). This sequence is recited below for easy reference as SEQ ID NO:172.

1 gtgctttact gcgcgctctg gtactgctgt ggctccccgt cctggtgcgg gacctgtgcc 61 ccgcgcttca gccctccccg cacagcctac tgattcccag gccgcccttg ctcacctcct 121 gctcgccatg gagtcgctgg ttttcgcgcg gcgctccggc cccactccct cggccgcaga 181 gctagcccgg ccgctggcgg aagggctgat caagtcgccc aagcccctaa tgaagaagca 241 ggcggtgaag cggcaccacc acaagcacaa cctgcggcac cgctacgagt tcctggagac 301 cctgggcaaa ggcacctacg ggaaggtgaa gaaggcgcgg gagagctcgg ggcgcctggt 361 ggccatcaag tcaatccgga aggacaaaat caaagatgag caagatctga tgcacatacg 421 gagggagatt gagatcatgt catcactcaa ccaccctcac atcattgcca tccatgaagt 481 gtttgagaac agcagcaaga tcgtgatcgt catggagtat gccagccggg gcgaccttta 541 tgactacatc agcgagcggc agcagctcag tgagcgcgaa gctaggcatt tcttccggca 601 gatcgtctct gccgtgcact attgccatca gaacagagtt gtccaccgag atctcaagct 661 ggagaacatc ctcttggatg ccaatgggaa tatcaagatt gctgacttcg gcctctccaa 721 cctctaccal caaggcaagt tcctgcagac attctgtggg agccccctct atgcctcgcc 781 agagattgtc aatgggaagc cctacacagg cccagaggtg gacagctggt ccctgggtgt 841 tctcctctac atcctggtgc atggcaccat gccctttgat gggcatgacc ataagatcct 901 agtgaaacag atcagcaacg gggcctaccg ggagccacct aaaccctctg atgcctgtgg 961 cctgatccgg tggctgttga tggtgaaccc cacccgccgg gccaccctgg aggatgtggc 1021 cagtcactgg tgggtcaact ggggctacgc cacccgagtg ggagagcagg aggctccgca 1081 tgagggtggg caccctggca gtgactctgc ccgcgcctcc atggctgact ggctccggcg 1141 ttcctcccgc cccctgctgg agaatggggc caaggtgtgc agcttcttca agcagcatgc 1201 acctggtggg ggaagcacca cccctggcct ggagcgccag cattcgctca agaagtcccg 1261 caaggagaat gacatggccc agtctctcca cagtgacacg gctgatgaca ctgcccatcg 1321 ccctggcaag agcaacctca agctgccaaa gggcattctc aagaagaagg tgtcagcctc 1381 tgcagaaggg gtacaggagg accctccgga gctcagccca atccctgcga gcccagggca 1441 ggctgccccg ctgctcccca agaagggcat tctcaagaag ccccgacagc gcgagtctgg 1501 ctactactcc tctcccgagc ccagtgaatc tggggagctc ttggacgcag gcgacgtgtt 1561 tgtgagtggg gatcccaagg agcagaagcc tccgcaagct tcagggctgc tcctccatcg 1621 caaaggcatc ctcaaactca atggcaagtt ctcccagaca gccttggagc tcgcggcccc 1681 caccaccttc ggctccctgg atgaactcgc cccacctcgc cccctggccc gggccagccg 1741 accctcaggg gctgtgagcg aggacagcat cctgtcctct gagtcctttg accagctgga 1301 cttgcctgaa cggctcccag agcccccact gcggggctgt gtgtctgtgg acaacctcac 1861 ggggcttgag gagcccccct cagagggccc tggaagctgc ctgaggcgct ggcggcagga 1921 tcctttgggg gacagctgct tttgcctgac agactgccag gaggtgacag cgacctaccg 1981 acaggcactg agggtctgct caaagctcac ctgagtggag taggcattgc cccagcccgg 2041 tcaggctctc agatgcagct ggttgcaccc cgaggggaga tgccttctcc cccacctccc 2101 aggacctgca tcccagctca gaaggctgag agggtttgca gtggagccct gagcagggct 2161 ggatatggga agtaggcaaa tgaaatgcgc caagggttca gtgtctgtct tcagccctgc 2221 tgaacgaaga ggatactaaa gagaggggaa cgggaatgcc cgggacagag tccacattgc 2281 ctgtttcttg tgtacatggg ggggccacag agacctggaa agagaactct cccagggccc 2341 atctcctgca tcccatgaat actctgtaca catggtgcct tctaaggaca gctccttccc 2401 tactcattcc ctgcccaagt ggggcgagac ctctttacac acacattccc gttcctacca 2461 accaccagaa ctggatggtg gcacccctaa tgtgcatgag gcatcctggg aatggtctgg 2521 agtaacgctt cgttattttt atttttattt ttatttattt atttattttt ttgagacgga 2581 gtttcgctct tggtgcccag gctagagtgc aatggcgcga tctcagctca cctcaacctc 2641 cgcctcccgg gttcaagcga ttctcctgcc tcagcctccc tagtagctgg gattacaggc 2701 gcccgccacc atgcccggct aattttgtat ttttagtaga gacagggttt ctccatgttg 2761 gtcaggctgg tctcaaactc ccgacctcag gtgatccacc cacctcggcc tcccaaagtg 2821 ctgggattac aggcgtgagc caccgcgccc cacctaaccc ttccttattt agcctaggag 2881 taagagaaca caatctctgt ttcttcaatg gttctcttcc cttttccatc ctccaaacct 2941 ggcctgagcc tcctgaagtt gctgctgtga atctgaaaga cttgaaaagc ctccgcctgc 3001 tgtgtggact tcatctcaag gggcccagcc tcctctggac tccaccttgg acctcagtga 3061 ctcagaactt ctgcctctaa gctgctctaa agtccagact atggatgtgt tctctaggcc 3121 ttcaggactc tagaatgtcc atatttattt ttatgttctt ggctttgtgt tttaggaaaa 3181 gtgaatcttg ctgttttcaa taatgtgaat gctatgttct gggaaaatcc actatgacat 3241 ctaagttttg tgtacagaga gatatttttg caactatttc cacctcctcc cacaaccccc 3301 cacactccac tccacactct tgagtgtctt tacctaatgg tctctaccta atggacctcc 3361 gtggccaaaa agtaccatta aaaccagaaa ggtgattgga aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 3421 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaa

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All patents and publications referenced or mentioned herein are indicative of the levels of skill of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, and each such referenced patent or publication is hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if it had been incorporated by reference in its entirety individually or set forth herein in its entirety. Applicants reserve the right to physically incorporate into this specification any and all materials and information from any such cited patents or publications.

The specific methods and compositions described herein are representative of preferred embodiments and are exemplary and not intended as limitations on the scope of the invention. Other objects, aspects, and embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of this specification, and are encompassed within the spirit of the invention as defined by the scope of the claims. It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that varying substitutions and modifications may be made to the invention disclosed herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The invention illustratively described herein suitably may be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, or limitation or limitations, which is not specifically disclosed herein as essential. The methods and processes illustratively described herein suitably may be practiced in differing orders of steps, and that they are not necessarily restricted to the orders of steps indicated herein or in the claims. As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, a reference to “a host cell” includes a plurality (for example, a culture or population) of such host cells, and so forth. Under no circumstances may the patent be interpreted to be limited to the specific examples or embodiments or methods specifically disclosed herein. Under no circumstances may the patent be interpreted to be limited by any statement made by any Examiner or any other official or employee of the Patent and Trademark Office unless such statement is specifically and without qualification or reservation expressly adopted in a responsive writing by Applicants.

The terms and expressions that have been employed are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intent in the use of such terms and expressions to exclude any equivalent of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention as claimed. Thus, it will be understood that although the present invention has been specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments and optional features, modification and variation of the concepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the art, and that such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this invention as defined by the appended claims.

The invention has been described broadly and generically herein. Each of the narrower species and subgeneric groupings falling within the generic disclosure also form part of the invention. This includes the generic description of the invention with a proviso or negative limitation removing any subject matter from the genus, regardless of whether or not the excised material is specifically recited herein.

Other embodiments are within the following claims. In addition, where features or aspects of the invention are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group. 

1. (canceled)
 2. A method comprising: measuring levels of RNA expression of at least four or five of DPP4, MATN2, PROS1, RXRG, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, and TIMP1 genes in a test tissue or cell sample from a subject by microarray analysis and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction; and determining whether thyroid cancer cells in the test tissue or cell sample have at least a 50% increase in the measured levels of RNA expression of DPP4, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, and/or PROS1 genes, and at least a 50% decrease in the measured level of MATN2 and/or SLC4A4 RNA expression compared to RNA expression levels of DPP4, MATN2, PROS1, RXRG, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, and TIMP1 genes in a benign thyroid standard sample.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein RNA expression of no more than twenty of the following genes is measured ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDH16, ChGn, CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DTX4, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GALNT7, GATM, HGD, HMGA2, IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYH10, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1 PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC25A15, SLC4A4, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TNS3, TSPAN12, and UPP1.
 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising performing fine needle aspiration to obtain the test tissue or cell sample.
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the test tissue or cell sample is obtained from a patient with thyroid cancer or suspected of having thyroid cancer.
 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the test tissue sample or cell sample is an unclassified tumor sample.
 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the test tissue or cell sample is a formalin fixed test tissue or cell sample.
 8. The method of claim 2, wherein thyroid cancer cells are detected in the test tissue or cell sample when the RNA expression of DPP4, SERPINA1, MATN2, and PROS1 is at least 2.4 fold different as compared to the RNA expression of DPP4, SERPINA1, MATN2, and PROS1 in the benign thyroid standard sample.
 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the method detects thyroid cancer cells in the test tissue or cell sample with greater than 80% specificity.
 10. The method of claim 2, further comprising treating the subject for thyroid cancer when thyroid cancer cells in the test tissue or cell sample have at least a 50% increase in the measured levels of RNA expression of genes consisting of DPP4, SERPINA1, and PROS1 and at least a 50% decrease in the measured level of MATN2 RNA expression compared to RNA expression levels of genes consisting of DPP4, SERPINA1, MATN2, and PROS1 in a benign thyroid standard sample.
 11. A method comprising: obtaining a test thyroid tissue sample from a subject by fine needle aspirate; measuring levels of RNA expression of at least four or five of DPP4, MATN2, PROS1, RXRG, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, and TIMP1 genes in a test tissue or cell sample from a subject; and determining whether thyroid cancer cells in the test tissue or cell sample have at least a 50% increase in the measured levels of RNA expression of DPP4, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, and/or PROS1 genes, and at least a 50% decrease in the measured level of MATN2 and/or SLC4A4 RNA expression compared to RNA expression levels of DPP4, MATN2, PROS1, RXRG, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, and TIMP1 genes in a benign thyroid standard sample.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein RNA expression of no more than twenty of the following genes is measured ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDH16, ChGn, CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DTX4, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GALNT7, GATM, HGD, HMGA2, IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYH10, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1 PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SLC25A15, SLC4A4, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TNS3, TSPAN12, and UPP1.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the test tissue or cell sample is obtained from a patient with thyroid cancer or suspected of having thyroid cancer.
 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the test tissue sample or cell sample is an unclassified tumor sample.
 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the test tissue or cell sample is a formalin fixed test tissue or cell sample.
 16. The method of claim 11, wherein thyroid cancer cells are detected in the test tissue or cell sample when the RNA expression of DPP4, SERPINA1, MATN2, and PROS1 is at least 2.4 fold different as compared to the RNA expression of DPP4, SERPINA1, MATN2, and PROS1 in the benign thyroid standard sample.
 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the method detects thyroid cancer cells in the test tissue or cell sample with greater than 80% specificity.
 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising treating the subject for thyroid cancer when thyroid cancer cells in the test tissue or cell sample have at least a 50% increase in the measured levels of RNA expression of genes consisting of DPP4, SERPINA1, and PROS1 and at least a 50% decrease in the measured level of MATN2 RNA expression compared to RNA expression levels of genes consisting of DPP4, SERPINA1, MATN2, and PROS1 in a benign thyroid standard sample.
 19. A kit comprising: (a) at least four or five sets of oligonucleotide primers, wherein a first primer in the set contains a sequence complementary to a region in one strand of a nucleic acid sequence template and primes the synthesis of a first extension product, and a second primer contains a sequence complementary to a region in said first extension product and primes the synthesis of a nucleic acid strand complementary to said first extension product, and wherein the template is at least four or five differentially expressed genes, or RNA or DNA copies of the differentially expressed genes, and where the first primer or the second primer of each set comprises a label; and (b) instructions for using the at least four or five sets of oligonucleotide primers; wherein the at least four or five differentially expressed genes are selected from of DPP4, MATN2, PROS1, RXRG, SERPINA1, SLC4A4, and TIMP1.
 20. The kit of claim 19, with no more than twenty sets of oligonucleotide primers for no more than twenty of the following genes ANK2, ARHGAP6, C11orf17, CAPN3, CDH16, ChGn, CITED 1, CITED 2, CKB, COL9A3, CSRP2, DAPK2, DIO1, DPP4, DPP4, DTX4, DUSP4, EFEMP1, ELMO1, FGFR2, FLRT1, FMOD, GALNT7, GATM, HGD, HMGA2, IGFBP6, KIT, LRP4, MATN2, MET, MYH10, PFAAP5, PGF, PIP3-E, PKNOX2, PRKACB, PROS1, PSD3, PSD3, QPCT, RAB27A, RAB27A, RXRG, SDC4, SERPINA1, SERPINA1, SLC25A15, SLC4A4, SLIT1, SPTAN1, TFCP2L1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TNS3, TSPAN12, UPP1, and a combination thereof.
 21. The kit of claim 19, wherein each first primer and/or each second primer hybridizes to an mRNA, cRNA or cDNA corresponding to the differentially expressed gene under moderate to highly stringent hybridization conditions. 